Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Li Yun -> 9

孔子曰：	Confucius said,
「於呼哀哉！	'Ah! Alas!
我觀周道，	I look at the ways of Zhou.
幽、厲傷之，	(The kings) You and Li corrupted them indeed,
吾舍魯何適矣！	but if I leave Lu, where shall I go (to find them better)?
魯之郊禘，	The border sacrifice of Lu, (however,) and (the association with it of) the founder of the line (of Zhou)
非禮也，	is contrary to propriety
周公其衰矣！	- how have (the institutions of) the duke of Zhou fallen into decay!
杞之郊也禹也，	At the border sacrifice in Qi, Yu was the assessor,
宋之郊也契也，	and at that in Song, Xie;
是天子之事守也。	but these were observances of the sons of Heaven, preserved (in those states by their descendants).
故天子祭天地，	The rule is that (only) the son of Heaven sacrifices to heaven and earth,
諸侯祭社稷。」	and the princes of states sacrifice at the altars to the spirits of the land and grain.'

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
孔子	子+1 子+0	𡤿㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	kǒng zǐ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家，名丘，字仲尼。 Confucius, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v2,p1008#04 v2,p1006#06	p.277#09 p.277#01	p.396r6c02 p.395r1c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 說。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
於	方+4	烏𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
呼	口+5	謼𠰗戲	hū xū ㄏㄨㄒㄩ	breathe sigh, exhale; call, shout	v1,p0605#02	p.183#14	p.266r2c01
哀	口+6		āi ㄞ	sad, mournful, pitiful; pity	v1,p0620#10	p.188#11	p.270r4c01
哉	口+6	才	zāi ㄗㄞ	Begin, start. / Modal particle expressing exclamation. / Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v1,p0611#07	p.189#08	p.270r2c01
我	戈+3	𠨂𢦓𢦠	wǒ ㄨㄛˇ	First-person pronoun: I. / One's own side in general. / Expresses closeness. / Egoism, self-involvement.	v2,p1401#02	p.412#01	p.552r1c01
觀	見+18	覌𥍊𥸑𥷯观	guān guàn ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢˋ	see, observe, view; appearance	v6,p3677#05	p.1138#14	p.1231r6c04
周	口+5	週𠱬𠄗	zhōu ㄓㄡ	Surround. / Cyclicly, repeatedly. / (Travel) widely. / Careful, detailed. / Firm, unshaken. / Measure word: number of times. / Friendly, approachable. / Suitable, appropriate (for). / Turning place, corner. / Most (superlative). / Assist financially. / The Zhou dynasty.	v1,p0606#03	p.181#36
道	辵+9	𨕥衟𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
幽	幺+6	凼	yōu ㄧㄡ	Same as 「周幽王」 zhōu yōu wáng ㄓㄡㄧㄡㄨㄤˊ: 姓名：姬宮湦，在位前781-前771。 King You of Zhou (ruled 781 BC-771 BC)	v2,p1094#08	p.342#12	p.485r5c03
厲	厂+13	历禲厉	lì ㄌㄧˋ	Same as 「周厲王」 zhōu lì wáng ㄓㄡㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄤˊ: 姓名：姬胡，在位前877-前841。 King Li of Zhou (ruled 877 BC-841 BC)	v1,p0077#17	p.163#09	p.231r3c41
傷	人+11	伤	shāng ㄕㄤ	wound, injury; fall ill from	v1,p0211#09	p.115#01	p.123r5c02
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
吾	口+4	𠮣	wú ㄨˊ	First person pronoun: I, we. / Defend, resist.	v1,p0585#13	p.180#03	p.260r5c01
			yú ㄩˊ	See 吾吾.
			yá ㄧㄚˊ	Yunyu, an ancient district.
舍	舌+2	舎捨	shè shě shì ㄕㄜˋ ㄕㄜˇ ㄕˋ	house, dwelling; dwell, reside	v5,p2941#02	p.1006#23	p.1115r6c01
魯	魚+4	魯𣥐旅鲁	lǔ ㄌㄨˇ	Slow, thick witted. / Display, show. / The state of Lu.	v7,p4677#07	p.1466#26	p.1525r5c02
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
適	辵+11	适	shì ㄕˋ	Go to. / Be married off. / Suitable. / Alter to make suitable. / Satisfied. / Luckily, fortuitously. / Just, recently. / By chance. / Connective: by supposing.	v6,p3877#08	p.1263#34	p.1330r4c01
			dí ㄉㄧˊ	Official wife. / Son of ones official wife. / Center on, focus on. / Well matched, equal.
			zhé ㄓㄜˊ	Condemn, punish.
			tì ㄊㄧˋ	Scared, afraid.
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
郊	邑+6		jiāo ㄐㄧㄠ	suburbs; waste land, open spaces	v6,p3769#06	p.1271#11	p.1338r3c02
禘	示+9		dì ㄉㄧˋ	imperial ancestor worship	v4,p2405#04	p.845#13	p.984r4c02
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	(1) 違背。 Violate, go against (a rule).	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
禮	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
周公	口+5 八+2	週𠱬𠄗㒶	zhōu gōng ㄓㄡㄍㄨㄥ	Same as 「周文公」 zhōu wén gōng ㄓㄡㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ: 姓姬，名旦，西周政治家。 Duke Wen of Zhou	v1,p0606#03 v1,p0242#01	p.181#36 p.126#28	p.151r3c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
衰	衣+4	𠆂𠌺	shuāi cuī suō ㄕㄨㄞㄘㄨㄟㄙㄨㄛ	decline, falter, decrease; weaken	v5,p3076#09	p.1112#14	p.1210r2c02
杞	木+3		qǐ ㄑㄧˇ	Wolfberry tree. / Willow. / Name of a state in ancient China.	v2,p1162#03	p.512#11
禹	禸+4	𢁰𥜼	yǔ ㄩˇ	Same as 「夏禹」 xià yǔ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄩˇ: [人名] Yu, a legendary ruler.	v1,p0039#11	p.848#02	p.986r2c06
宋	宀+4		sòng ㄙㄨㄥˋ	Song dynasty; surname	v2,p0915#02	p.282#12	p.409r4c01
契	大+6	契	xiè ㄒㄧㄝˋ	Same as 「殷契」 yīn xiè ㄧㄣㄒㄧㄝˋ: [人名] [Name of a person]	v1,p0536#10	p.251#21	p.372r3c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
天子	大+1 子+0	𠀡𠀘𦴞兲靝𠕹㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	tiān zǐ ㄊㄧㄢㄗˇ	對最高統治者的尊稱。 Son of Heaven, title of the supreme ruler.	v1,p0522#01 v2,p1006#06	p.248#04 p.277#01	p.358r4c01 p.395r1c01
事	亅+7	亊叓𠭏	shì ㄕˋ	Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve.	v1,p0023#03	p.85#24	p.58r3c02
守	宀+3	𡬮𡬴	shǒu shòu ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄡˋ	defend, protect, guard, conserve	v2,p0912#03	p.282#05	p.405r4c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
祭	示+6		jì zhài ㄐㄧˋ ㄓㄞˋ	sacrifice to, worship	v4,p2397#07	p.843#07	p.982r1c02
天	大+1	𠀡𠀘𦴞兲靝𠕹	tiān ㄊㄧㄢ	sky, heaven; god, celestial	v1,p0522#01	p.248#04	p.358r4c01
地	土+3	埊𨻐埅𠏂嶳	dì de ㄉㄧˋ ㄉㄜ·	earth; soil, ground; region	v1,p0420#12	p.224#06	p.312r6c01
諸侯	言+9 人+7	𢒕诸𥎦	zhū hóu ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ	古代帝王分封的各國國君，規定要服從王命，定期朝貢述職。 Ruler of a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty.	v6,p3982#03 v1,p0167#01	p.1172#04 p.103#07	p.104r3c06
社	示+3	𥙲䄕𥙭	shè ㄕㄜˋ	god of the soil and altars to him; group of families; company, society	v4,p2386#07	p.839#26
稷	禾+10	𥞷	jì zè ㄐㄧˋ ㄗㄜˋ	god of cereals; minister of agriculture	v4,p2623#05	p.857#19	p.994r3c07

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