| 部首: | 鱼+ 6笔 = 共17笔. |
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| 字典出处: | 宋本广韵: 页137第5 页290第24 页409第11 康熙字典: 页1470第06 辞海: 卷1页5275第02 GSR: 第209.a 汉语大字典: 卷7页4688第06 |
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| 表面结构: | 左：鱼，右：羊。 Component of: 𭗴 廯 㶍 𡾮 𢥌 𢹛 𣟲 癣 䇁 藓 䉳 𦇫 𧕇 𨇤 𩆵 |
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| 国语发音: | xiān xiǎn xiàn ㄒㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ |
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| 粤语发音: | sin1 sin2 |
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| 唐代发音: | siɛn |
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| 说文解字: | 《》鲜：鱼名。出貉国。从鱼，羴省声。 |
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| 宋本广韵: | 《···》鲜：鲜洁也，善也，又鲜卑山因爲国号亦水名水经曰北鲜之山鲜水出焉又姓后蜀録李寿司空鲜思明又汉复姓鲜于氏。
《···》鲜：少也。
《···》鲜：姓也，本音平声。 |
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| 康熙字典: | 《··》鲜：《唐韵》《集韵》《韵会》𠀤相然切，音仙。鱼名。出貉国。《礼·内则》冬宜鲜羽。《注》鲜，生鱼也。又《玉篇》生也。《·》曁益播奏庶艰食鲜食。《传》鸟兽新杀曰鲜。《仪礼·士昏礼》腊必用鲜。《疏》义取夫妇日新之义。《左传·襄三十年》唯君用鲜。《注》鲜，野兽也。又《》洁也。《·》爲蕃鲜。《注》鲜，明也。又《》鲜，好也。《玉篇》善也。又国名。《后汉·东夷传》昔箕子避地朝鲜。又《鲜𤰞传》鲜𤰞者，依鲜𤰞山，故因号焉。又山水名。《水经注》北鲜之山，鲜水出焉。又姓。《后蜀录·李寿司空》鲜思明。又鲜于，复姓。《风俗通》武王封箕子于朝鲜，其子食采于朝鲜，因氏焉。又《》《集韵》𠀤息浅切，音獮。《易·系辞》故君子之道鲜矣。《释文》尽也。又《·》惠鲜鳏寡。《传》又加惠鲜乏鳏寡之人。《疏》鲜，少乏也。《·》终鲜兄弟。《笺》鲜，寡也。《礼·中庸》民鲜能久矣。《注》鲜，罕也。又少也。亦善也。《·》籧篨不鲜。《笺》鲜，善也。《朱传》少也。又《·》小山别大山，鲜。《疏》李巡云：大山少，故曰鲜。《·》度其鲜原。《传》大山曰鲜。《朱传》鲜，善也。又《正韵》与献同。《礼·月令》天子乃鲜羔开冰。《注》鲜当爲献，声之误也。又与犀同。《·》黄金犀毗一。《注》师古曰：犀毗，带钩也。亦曰鲜𤰞，亦谓师氏，总一物也，语有轻重耳。又《集韵》私箭切，獮去声。姓也。 |
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| 反切: | 相然 (《···》) 息浅 (《···》) 私箭 (《···》) |
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| 英文翻譯: | fresh, new, delicious; rare, few |
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| 鲜 |
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xiān ㄒㄧㄢ (1.1): 鲜鱼，活鱼。 Fresh fish.
| 《·》: | 春宜羔豚膳膏芗，夏宜腒鱐膳膏臊，秋宜犊麑膳膏腥，冬宜鲜羽膳膏膻。 | | 'Lamb and sucking-pig were (thought to be) good in spring, fried with odorous (beef) suet; dried pheasant and fish, in summer, fried with the strong-smelling suet (of dog); veal and fawn, in autumn, fried with strong suet (of fowl); fresh fish and goose,' in winter, fried with the frouzy suet (of goat). | | 《》: | 治大国若烹小鲜。 | | Governing a great state is like cooking small fish. | | 《·》: | 故以理观之，事大众而数摇之则少成功，藏大器而数徙之则多败伤，烹小鲜而数挠之则贼其泽，治大国而数变法则民苦之，是以有道之君贵静，不重变法，故曰：“治大国者若烹小鲜。” | | 《·》: | 老子曰：“治大国若烹小鲜。” | | 《·》: | 故“治大国若烹小鲜” | | 《》: | 治大国若亨小鲜。 |
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xiān ㄒㄧㄢ (1.2): 新杀的鸟兽的肉。 Freshly killed meat.
| 《》: | 曰：子有军事，兽人无乃不给于鲜，敢献于从者，叔党命去之。 |
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xiān ㄒㄧㄢ (2): 新鲜。 Fresh.
| 《》: | 放乃更饵钩沈之，须臾复引出，皆长三尺馀，生鲜可爱。 |
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xiān ㄒㄧㄢ (3): 新而华美。 New and beautiful.
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xiān ㄒㄧㄢ (4): 夭亡。 Die young.
| 《》: | 叔仲子谓季孙曰，带受命于子叔孙曰，葬鲜者自西门，季孙命杜泄。 |
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (5.1): 少。 Few.
| 《·》: | 有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣。” | | The philosopher You said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors." | | 《·》: | 终鲜兄弟、维予与女。 | | Few are our brethren; There are only I and you. | | 《·》: | 管仲喟然叹曰：“齐国危矣，君不竞于德而竞于兵，天下之国，带甲十万者不鲜矣，吾欲发小兵以服大兵，内失吾众，诸侯设备，吾人设轴，国欲无危，得已乎？” |
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (5.2): 衰微。 Weaken, decline.
| 《·》: | 百姓日用而不知，故君子之道鲜矣。 | | The common people, acting daily according to it, yet have no knowledge of it. Thus it is that the course (of things), as seen by the superior man, is seen by few. |
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (6): 孤，寡。见“鲜民”。 Orphan.
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (7.1): 好，善。 Good.
| 《·》: | 燕婉之求、籧篨不鲜。 | | A pleasant, genial mate she sought, [And has got this] vicious bloated mass! | | 《·》: | 仪，若，祥，淑，鲜，省，臧，嘉，令，类，綝，彀，攻，谷，介，徽，善也。 |
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (7.2): 赞美。 Praise, compliment.
| 《·》: | 嘉我未老、鲜我方将。 | | They praise me as not yet old; They think few like me in vigour. |
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xiǎn ㄒㄧㄢˇ (8): 与大山不相连的小山。见“鲜原”。 Small mountain detached from other large mountains.
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xiàn ㄒㄧㄢˋ (9): 通“献”：献祭。 Offer, sacrifice.
| 《·》: | 天子乃鲜羔开冰，先荐寝庙。 | | The son of Heaven at this time offers a lamb (to the ruler of cold), and opens the (reservoirs of) ice. Before (using it generally), they offer some in their principal apartment or in the ancestral temple. |
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| 鲜原 |
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xiǎn yuán ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄩㄢˊ : 有小山的平原。 Plain with a small hill.
| 《·》: | 度其鲜原、居歧之阳、在渭之将。 | | He then determined the finest of the plains, And settled on the south of Qi, On the side of the Wei. |
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| 鲜民 |
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xiǎn mín ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ : 无父母的孤穷之民。 Orphaned people.
| 《·》: | 鲜民之生、不如死之久矣。 | | Than to live an orphan, It would be better to have been long dead. |
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