| 善 |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (1): 好，善良。與「惡」相對。 Good.
| 《·》: | 去若不善言，學鄉長之善言。 | | Put away from your speech that which is not good and learn his good speech. | | 《·》: | 子張問善人之道 | | Zi Zhang asked what were the characteristics of the good man. | | 《》: | 皆知善之為善，斯不善已。 | | They all know the skill of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. | | 《·》: | 所謂惡者，偏險悖亂也：是善惡之分也矣。 | | 《·》: | 儀，若，祥，淑，鮮，省，臧，嘉，令，類，綝，彀，攻，穀，介，徽，善也。 |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (2): 認爲好。 Take to be good, like.
| 《·》: | 曰：「王如善之，則何為不行？」 | | Mencius said, 'Since your Majesty deems them excellent, why do you not practise them?' | | 《·》: | 昔者管子有言，丘甚善之，曰：『褚小者不可以懷大，綆短者不可以汲深。』 | | Formerly Guanzi used words of which I very much approve. He said, "A small bag cannot be made to contain what is large; a short rope cannot be used to draw water from a deep well." |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (3): 好人，善良的人。 Good person.
| 《·》: | 子張曰：「異乎吾所聞：君子尊賢而容眾，嘉善而矜不能。」 | | Zi Zhang observed, "This is different from what I have learned. The superior man honors the talented and virtuous, and bears with all. He praises the good, and pities the incompetent." |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (4): 優點，長處。 Strong point, merit.
| 《·》: | 顏淵曰：「願無伐善，無施勞。」 | | Yan Yuan said, "I should like not to boast of my excellence, nor to make a display of my meritorious deeds." |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (5): 完善，完美。 Perfect.
| 《·》: | 則此豈刑不善哉？ | | Can it be that the Punishments are at fault? | | 《·》: | 子謂韶，「盡美矣，又盡善也。」 | | The Master said of the Shao that it was perfectly beautiful and also perfectly good. | | 《·》: | 晏子對曰：『善哉問也！』 | | The minister Yan replied, "An excellent inquiry!" | | 《·》: | 善哉！ | | Admirable! | | 《·》: | 孔子在衛，有送葬者，而夫子觀之，曰：「善哉為喪乎！」 | | When Confucius was in Wei, there was (a son) following his (father's) coffin to the grave. After Confucius had looked at him, he said, 'How admirably did he manage this mourning rite!' | | 《·》: | 孔子聞之，曰：「夫善哉！」 |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (6): 和善，溫和。 Gentle, kind.
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (7): 友好，親善。 Friendly.
| 《·》: | 夷吾善鮑叔牙，鮑叔牙之為人也：清廉潔直，視不己若者，不比於人。 |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (8): 擅長，精通。 Good at doing.
| 《·》: | 故善為君者，勞於論人，而佚於治官。 | | Therefore capable rulers are very painstaking in the selection of men while they may not be so careful in attending to the administration (themselves). | | 《·》: | 子曰：「晏平仲善與人交，久而敬之。」 | | The Master said, "Yan Ping knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse. The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as at first." | | 《·》: | 及至伯樂，曰：「我善治馬。」 | | But when Bo-le (arose and) said, 'I know well how to manage horses,' | | 《·》: | 善學者，師逸而功倍，又從而庸之。 | | The skilful learner, while the master seems indifferent, yet makes double the attainments of another, and in the sequel ascribes the merit (to the master). |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (9): 改善，使變好。 Improve, make good.
| 《·》: | 樂也者，聖人之所樂也，而可以善民心，其感人深，其移風易俗，故先王著其教焉。 | | In music the sages found pleasure, and (saw that) it could be used to make the hearts of the people good. Because of the deep influence which it exerts on a man, and the change which it produces in manners and customs, the ancient kings appointed it as one of the subjects of instruction. | | 《·》: | 樂者，聖人之所樂也，而可以善民心。 | | 《·》: | 樂者，聖王之所樂也，而可以善民心，其感人深，其移風易俗。 | | 《·》: | 樂者，聖人之所樂也，而可以善民心，其感人深，其移風易俗，故先王著其教焉。 |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (10): 治好，整飭。 Control, regulate.
| 《·》: | 窮則獨善其身，達則兼善天下。 | | If poor, they attended to their own virtue in solitude; if advanced to dignity, they made the whole kingdom virtuous as well. |
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shàn ㄕㄢˋ (11): 通「膳」：飯食。 Food.
| 《·》: | 昔者海鳥止於魯郊，魯侯御而觴之於廟，奏九韶以為樂，具太牢以為善。 | | Formerly a sea-bird alighted in the suburban country of Lu. The marquis went out to meet it, (brought it) to the ancestral temple, and prepared to banquet it there. The Jiu-shao was performed to afford it music; an ox, a sheep, and a pig were killed to supply the food. |
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