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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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經典文獻 -> 尚書 -> 周書 -> 多方 -> 2

周公曰：王若曰：「猷告爾四國多方，惟爾殷侯尹民。我惟大降爾命，爾罔不知。洪惟圖天之命，弗永寅念于祀，惟帝降格于夏。有夏誕厥逸，不肯慼言于民，乃大淫昏，不克終日勸于帝之迪，乃爾攸聞。厥圖帝之命，不克開于民之麗，乃大降罰，崇亂有夏。因甲于內亂，不克靈承于旅。罔丕惟進之恭，洪舒于民。亦惟有夏之民叨懫日欽，劓割夏邑。天惟時求民主，乃大降顯休命于成湯，刑殄有夏。惟天不畀純，乃惟以爾多方之乂民不克永于多享。惟夏之恭多士大不克明保享于民，乃胥惟虐于民，至于百為，大不克開。乃惟成湯克以爾多方簡，代夏作民主。慎厥麗，乃勸。厥民刑，用勸。以至于帝乙，罔不明德慎罰，亦克用勸。要囚殄戮多罪，亦克用勸。開釋無辜，亦克用勸。今至于爾辟，弗克以爾多方享天之命，嗚呼！」The duke of Zhou said, 'The king speaks to the following effect: "Ho! I make an announcement to you of the four states, and the numerous (other) regions. Ye who were the officers and people of the prince of Yin, I have dealt very leniently as regards your lives, as ye all know. You kept reckoning greatly on (some) decree of Heaven, and did not keep with perpetual awe before your thoughts (the preservation of) your sacrifices. '"God sent down correction on Xia, but the sovereign (only) increased his luxury and sloth, and would not speak kindly to the people. He showed himself dissolute and dark, and would not yield for a single day to the leadings of God - this is what you have heard. He kept reckoning on the decree of God (in his favour), and did not cultivate the means for the people's support. By great inflictions of punishment also he increased the disorder of the states of Xia. The first cause (of his evil course) was the internal misrule, which made him unfit to deal well with the multitudes. Nor did he endeavour to find and employ men whom he could respect, and who might display a generous kindness to the people; but where any of the people of Xia were covetous and fierce, he daily honoured them, and they practised cruel tortures in the cities. Heaven on this sought a (true) lord for the people, and made its. distinguished and favouring decree light on Tang the Successful, who punished and destroyed the sovereign of Xia. Heaven's refusal of its favour (to Xia) was decided. The righteous men of your numerous regions were not permitted. to continue long in their posts of enjoyment, and the many officers whom Xia's (last sovereign) honoured were unable intelligently to maintain the people in the enjoyment (of their lives), but, on the contrary, aided one another in oppressing them, till of the hundred ways of securing (prosperity) they could not promote (one). '"In the case indeed of Tang the Successful, it was because he was the choice of your numerous regions that he superseded Xia, and became the lord of the people. He paid careful attention to the essential virtue (of a sovereign), in order to stimulate the people, and they on their part imitated him and were stimulated. From him down to Di-Yi, the sovereigns all made their virtue illustrious, and were cautious in the use of punishments; thus also exercising a stimulating influence (over the people). When they, having examined the evidence in criminal cases, put to death those chargeable with many crimes, they exercised the same influence, and they did so also when they liberated those who were not purposely guilty. But when the throne came to your (last) sovereign, he could not with (the good will of) your numerous regions continue in the enjoyment of the favouring decree of Heaven." Oh!'

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