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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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道家 -> 莊子 -> 外篇 -> 在宥 -> 2

崔瞿問於老聃曰：Cui Ji asked Lao Dan, saying,
「不治天下， 'If you do not govern the world,
安藏人心？」 how can you make men's minds good?'
老聃曰： The reply was,
「汝慎無攖人心。 'Take care how you meddle with and disturb men's minds.
人心排下而進上，The mind, if pushed about, gets depressed; if helped forward, it gets exalted.
上下囚殺，Now exalted, now depressed, here it appears as a prisoner, and there as a wrathful fury.
淖約柔乎剛強。(At one time) it becomes pliable and soft, yielding to what is hard and strong;
廉劌彫琢，(at another), it is sharp as the sharpest corner, fit to carve or chisel (stone or jade).
其熱焦火， Now it is hot as a scorching fire,
其寒凝冰。 and anon it is cold as ice.
其疾俛仰之間， It is so swift that while one is bending down and lifting up his head,
而再撫四海之外， it shall twice have put forth a soothing hand beyond the four seas.
其居也淵而靜，Resting, it is still as a deep abyss;
其動也縣而天。moving, it is like one of the bodies in the sky;
僨驕而不可係者，in its resolute haughtiness, it refuses to be bound
其唯人心乎！- such is the mind of man!'
昔者黃帝始以仁義攖人之心，Anciently, Huang-Di was the first to meddle with and disturb the mind of man with his benevolence and righteousness.
堯、舜於是乎股無胈，脛無毛，After him, Yao and Shun wore their thighs bare and the hair off the calves of their legs,
以養天下之形， in their labours to nourish the bodies of the people.
愁其五藏以為仁義， They toiled painfully with all the powers in their five viscera at the practice of their benevolence and righteousness;
矜其血氣以規法度。 they tasked their blood and breath to make out a code of laws
然猶有不勝也。- and after all they were unsuccessful.
堯於是放讙兜於崇山， On this Yao sent away Huan Dou to Chong hill,
投三苗於三峗， and (the Chiefs of) the Three Miao to San-wei,
流共工於幽都， and banished the Minister of Works to the Dark Capital;
此不勝天下也夫！ so unequal had they been to cope with the world.
施及三王而天下大駭矣。Then we are carried on to the kings of the Three (dynasties), when the world was in a state of great distraction.
下有桀、跖， Of the lowest type of character there were Jie and Zhi;
上有曾、史， of a higher type there were Zeng (Shen) and Shi (Qiu).
而儒、墨畢起。 At the same time there arose the classes of the Literati and the Mohists.
於是乎喜怒相疑，Hereupon, complacency in, and hatred of, one another produced mutual suspicions;
愚知相欺， the stupid and the wise imposed on one another;
善否相非， the good and the bad condemned one another;
誕信相譏， the boastful and the sincere interchanged their recriminations
而天下衰矣；- and the world fell into decay.
大德不同， Views as to what was greatly virtuous did not agree,
而性命爛漫矣； and the nature with its endowments became as if shrivelled by fire or carried away by a flood.
天下好知， All were eager for knowledge,
而百姓求竭矣。 and the people were exhausted with their searchings (after what was good).
於是乎釿鋸制焉， On this the axe and the saw were brought into play;
繩墨殺焉， guilt was determined as by the plumb-line and death inflicted;
椎鑿決焉。 the hammer and gouge did their work.
天下脊脊大亂，罪在攖人心。The world fell into great disorder, and presented the appearance of a jagged mountain ridge.
故賢者伏處大山嵁巖之下，The crime to which all was due was the meddling with and disturbing men's minds. The effect was that men of ability and worth lay concealed at the foot of the crags of mount Tai,
而萬乘之君憂慄乎廟堂之上。 and princes of ten thousand chariots were anxious and terrified in their ancestral temples.
今世殊死者相枕也， In the present age those who have been put to death in various ways lie thick as if pillowed on each other;
桁楊者相推也， those who are wearing the cangue press on each other (on the roads);
刑戮者相望也， those who are suffering the bastinado can see each other (all over the land).
而儒、墨乃始離跂攘臂乎桎梏之間。And now the Literati and the Mohists begin to stand, on tiptoe and with bare arms, among the fettered and manacled crowd!
意！Ah!
甚矣哉！其無愧而不知恥也甚矣！extreme is their shamelessness, and their failure to see the disgrace!
吾未知聖知之不為桁楊椄槢也， Strange that we should be slow to recognise their sageness and wisdom in the bars of the cangue,
仁義之不為桎梏、鑿枘也， and their benevolence and righteousness in the rivets of the fetters and handcuffs!
焉知曾、史之不為桀、跖嚆矢也！ How do we know that Zeng and Shi are not the whizzing arrows of Jie and Zhi?
故曰： Therefore it is said,
『絕聖棄知而天下大治。』」'Abolish sageness and cast away knowledge, and the world will be brought to a state of great order.'

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