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中国哲学书电子化计划
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道家 -> 庄子 -> 外篇 -> 天道 -> 4.2

故《书》曰：Hence it is said in the Book,
“有形有名。” 'There are objects and there are their names.'
形名者，Objects and their names
古人有之， the ancients had;
而非所以先也。 but they did not put them in the foremost place.
古之语大道者， When the ancients spoke of the Great Dao,
五变而形名可举， it was only after four other steps that they gave a place to 'Objects and their Names,'
九变而赏罚可言也。 and after eight steps that they gave a place to 'Rewards and Penalties.'
骤而语形名， If they had all at once spoken of 'Objects and their Names,'
不知其本也； they would have shown an ignorance of what is the Root (of government);
骤而语赏罚， if they had all at once spoken of 'Rewards and Penalties,'
不知其始也。 they would have shown an ignorance of the first steps of it.
倒道而言， Those whose words are thus an inversion of the (proper) course,
迕道而说者， or in opposition to it,
人之所治也， are (only fit to be) ruled by others
安能治人！- how can they rule others?
骤而语形名赏罚，To speak all at once of 'Objects and their Names,' and of 'Rewards and Penalties,'
此有知治之具， only shows that the speaker knows the instruments of government,
非知治之道； but does not know the method of it,
可用于天下， is fit to be used as an instrument in the world,
不足以用天下。 but not fit to use others as his instruments:
此之谓辩士， he is what we call a mere sophist,
一曲之人也。 a man of one small idea.
礼法度数，Ceremonies, laws, numbers, measures,
形名比详， with all the minutiae of jurisprudence,
古人有之， the ancients had;
此下之所以事上， but it is by these that inferiors serve their superiors;
非上之所以畜下也。 it is not by them that those superiors nourish the world.

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