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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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道家 -> 莊子 -> 外篇 -> 天運 -> 6.4

老聃曰：Lao Dan said,
「小子少進！'Come a little more forward, my son,
余語汝三皇、五帝之治天下。 and I will tell you how the Three Huangs and the Five Dis ruled the world.
黃帝之治天下， Huang-Di ruled it,
使民心一， so as to make the minds of the people all conformed to the One (simplicity).
民有其親死不哭而民不非也。If the parents of one of them died, and he did not wail, no one blamed him.
堯之治天下，Yao ruled it
使民心親， so as to cause the hearts of the people to cherish relative affection.
民有為其親殺其殺而民不非也。If any, however, made the observances on the death of other members of their kindred less than those for their parents, no one blamed them.
舜之治天下， Shun ruled it,
使民心競， so as to produce a feeling of rivalry in the minds of the people.
民孕婦十月生子， Their wives gave birth to their children in the tenth month of their pregnancy,
子生五月而能言， but those children could speak at five months;
不至乎孩而始誰，and before they were three years old, they began to call people by their surnames and names.
則人始有夭矣。 Then it was that men began to die prematurely.
禹之治天下，Yu ruled it,
使民心變， so as to cause the minds of the people to become changed.
人有心而兵有順，Men's minds became scheming, and they used their weapons as if they might legitimately do so,
殺盜非殺， (saying that they were) killing thieves and not killing other men.
人自為種而天下耳，The people formed themselves into different combinations - so it was throughout the kingdom.
是以天下大駭， Everywhere there was great consternation,
儒、墨皆起。 and then arose the Literati and (the followers of) Mo (Di).
其作始有倫， From them came first the doctrine of the relationships (of society);
而今乎婦女，何言哉！ and what can be said of the now prevailing customs (in the marrying of) wives and daughters?
余語汝：三皇、五帝之治天下，名曰治之，而亂莫甚焉。I tell you that the rule of the Three Kings and Five Dis may be called by that name, but nothing can be greater than the disorder which it produced.
三皇之知，The wisdom of the Three Kings
上悖日月之明， was opposed to the brightness of the sun and moon above,
下睽山川之精， contrary to the exquisite purity of the hills and streams below,
中墮四時之施。 and subversive of the beneficent gifts of the four seasons between.
其知憯於蠣蠆之尾，Their wisdom has been more fatal than the sting of a scorpion
鮮規之獸， or the bite of a dangerous beast.
莫得安其性命之情者， Unable to rest in the true attributes of their nature and constitution,
而猶自以為聖人， they still regarded themselves as sages:
不可恥乎？ was it not a thing to be ashamed of?
其無恥也！But they were shameless.
子貢蹴蹴然立不安。Zi-gong stood quite disconcerted and ill at ease.

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