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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷一 -> 七患 -> 2

凡五谷者，民之所仰也，Now, the five grains are the people's mainstay
君之所以为养也。 and the source of the ruler's revenue.
故民无仰则君无养， When the people lose their support the ruler cannot have any revenue either.
民无食则不可事。 And without food the people will not observe order.
故食不可不务也，地不可不力也，用不可不节也。Therefore, food should be secured, land cultivated and expenditures cut down.
五谷尽收， When all the five grains are gathered,
则五味尽御于主， all the five tastes will be offered the ruler;
不尽收则不尽御。when not all gathered, the five tastes will not be all offered.
一谷不收谓之馑， Failure of one grain is called dearth;
二谷不收谓之旱， failure of two grains is called scarcity;
三谷不收谓之凶， failure of three grains is called calamity;
四谷不收谓之馈， failure of four grains is called want;
五谷不收谓之饥。 and failure of all five grains is called famine.
岁馑， When the country is in dearth,
则仕者大夫以下皆损禄五分之一。 all the salaries of the officials below the rank of the minister will be reduced by one-fifth;
旱， in scarcity,
则损五分之二。 they will be reduced by two-fifths;
凶 in calamity,
则损五分之三。 they will be reduced by three-fifths;
馈， in want,
则损五分之四。 they will be reduced by four-fifths;
饥，and when famine is in the country
则尽无禄，禀食而已矣。 there will be no salaries beyond their rations.
故凶饥存乎国， Therefore when famine and dearth visit a country,
人君彻鼎食五分之三1， the ruler will omit three from the five items of sacrifice,
大夫彻县， the officials will suspend the courts,
士不入学，and the scholars will not go to school
君朝之衣不革制， and the lord will not put on his robe to give audience.
诸侯之客，Even envoys from other feudal lords
四邻之使，and messengers from neighbouring states
雍飧2而不盛，are entertained with cooked food only, and it is not sumptuous.
彻骖騑，The side-horses of the carriage-team are done away with
涂不芸， and the walks (in the palace) are not weeded.
马不食粟， Neither are the horses fed with grains,
婢妾不衣帛， nor are the concubines and maids clothed with silk.
此告不足之至也。 And this is the sign of extreme scarcity.

1. 三 : 原作“五”。自孙诒让《墨子闲诂》改。
2. 飧 : 原作“食”。自孙诒让《墨子闲诂》改。

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