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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷一 -> 辞过 -> 5

古之民未知为饮食时，Before the art of cooking was known,
素食而分处， primitive people ate only vegetables and lived in separation.
故圣人作诲男耕稼树艺，Thereupon the sage taught the men to attend to farming and to plant trees
以为民食。 to supply the people with food.
其为食也，足以增气充虚，强体适腹而巳矣。And the sole purpose of securing food is to increase energy, satisfy hunger, strengthen the body and appease the stomach.
故其用财节，其自养俭，民富国治。He was frugal in spending wealth and simple in habits of living, and so the people became rich and the country orderly.
今则不然， With the present rulers all is different.
厚作敛于百姓，They would heavily tax the people
以为美食刍豢，蒸炙鱼鳖， in order to enjoy elaborately the different meats and fish and turtle cooked in various wavs.
大国累百器，(The lord of) a large state is served with a hundred courses
小国累十器，and (that of) a small state, with tens of courses,
前方丈， which will cover a table space of ten square feet.
目不能遍视， The eyes cannot see all the dishes,
手不能遍操， the hands cannot handle them all,
口不能遍味， and the mouth cannot taste them all.
冬则冻冰， In winter they will freeze,
夏则餲1饐， and in summer they sour.
人君为饮食如此， As the ruler serves himself thus,
故左右象之。 naturally his assistants imitate him.
是以富贵者奢侈， And so the rich and high in rank are wasteful and extravagant,
孤寡者冻馁， while the solitary and miserable are hungry and cold.
虽2
欲无乱，不可得也。 It is impossible to keep such a state out of disorder.
君实欲天下治而恶其乱，当为食饮，不可不节。If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to have order and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge in excessive eating and drinking.

1. 餲 : 原作“饰”。自吴毓江《墨子校注》改。
2. 虽 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

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