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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷二 -> 尚賢中 -> 7

故古聖王以審以尚賢使能為政，而取法於天。And, the ancient sage-kings in exalting the virtuous and employing the capable in government were following the ways of Heaven.
雖天亦不辯貧富、貴賤、遠邇、親疏、賢者舉而尚之，Even Heaven does not discriminate among the poor and the rich, the honourable and the humble, the distant and the near, and the related and the unrelated (to those in power). The virtuous were promoted and exalted;
不肖者抑而廢之。 the vicious were kept back and banished.
然則富貴為賢，Now, who were those that, possessing wealth and position,
以得其賞者誰也？ still strove after virtues and were rewarded ?
曰若昔者三代聖王堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武者是也。They were the sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, namely, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu (12).
所以得其賞何也？How were they rewarded?
曰其為政乎天下也， When they governed the empire,
兼而愛之，they loved all the people universally
從而利之， and benefited them,
又率天下之萬民以尚尊天、事鬼、愛利萬民，and led them in doing honour to Heaven and service to the spirits. As they loved and benefited the people,
是故天鬼賞之， Heaven and the spirits rewarded them,
立為天子， appointing them to be Sons of Heaven,
以為民父母， and parents of the people.
萬民從而譽之曰『聖王』，And, thereupon people praised them, calling them sage-kings
至今不已。 even unto this day.
則此富貴為賢，These then were those that, possessing wealth and position,
以得其賞者也。 still strove after virtues and were rewarded.
然則富貴為暴，以得其罰者誰也？Now, who were those that, possessing wealth and position, yet practiced evil and were punished?
曰若昔者三代暴王桀、紂、幽、厲者是也。They were the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, namely, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li.
何以知其然也？How do we know they were those ?
曰其為政乎天下也，When they governed the empire
兼而憎之，they disliked all the people inclusively
從而賊之，and oppressed them
又率天下之民以詬天侮鬼， and led them to curse Heaven and the spirits.
賊傲萬民， Oppressing and destroying the people,
是故天鬼罰之， they were punished by Heaven and the spirits;
使身死而為刑戮， their corpses were mangled and lacerated,
子孫離散， their children and grandchildren were scattered and dispersed,
室家喪滅，their family hearths were extinguished
絕無後嗣， and descendants exterminated.
萬民從而非之曰「暴王」，And, thereupon the people railed at them, calling them wicked kings
至今不已。 even unto this day.
則此富貴為暴，而以得其罰者也。These, then, are those that, possessing wealth and position, yet practised evil and were punished.
然則親而不善，以得其罰者誰也？Now, who were those that were related (to the ruler) but not virtuous and were visited by punishment?
曰若昔者伯鯀，帝之元子，Count Gun was of direct royal descent
廢帝之德庸， but had degenerated in the royal virtues.
既乃刑之于羽之郊，So he was banished to the wilderness of Yu Yu
乃熱照無有及也， where (in the prison) light could not reach him,
帝亦不愛。 neither did the emperor show any favour.
則此親而不善以得其罰者也。Such was he who was related but not virtuous and was visited by punishment.
然則天之所使能者誰也？Now, who were those that were employed by Heaven because of their capability?
曰若昔者禹、稷、皋陶是也。Yu, Ji, and Gao Tao were they.
何以知其然也？How do we know that?
先王之書呂刑道之曰：It is found in the " Penal Code of Lu," a book of an early king, thus:
『皇帝清問下民， "The Emperor (Yao) inquired among his subjects,
有辭有苗。 and complaints were made against the Miaos (barbarians)."
曰群后之肆在下，明明不常，Again, "As the feudal lords have been appointed without insight,
鰥寡不蓋， even the widows and the widowers are not protected.
德威維威， Dignity is revered only when it is accompanied with magnanimity;
德明維明。 enlightenment is respected only when it is accompanied with magnanimity.
乃名三后，Thereupon three chiefs were commissioned
恤功於民， to care for and consolate the people:
伯夷降典，(1) Bo Yi delivered the laws and statutes
哲民維刑。 and taught therewith the people;
禹平水土， (2) Yu reduced the Flood and recovered the land,
主名山川。 and gave names to hills and rivers;
稷隆播種，(3) Ji descended (from his rank) and sowed seeds
農殖嘉穀。 to encourage good farming.
三后成功，The benefits of the achievements of these three chiefs
維假於民。』 all fell upon the people."
則此言三聖人者，This is to say that the three sages
謹其言， were careful in speech,
慎其行， vigilant in conduct,
精其思慮， penetrating in thought,
索天下之隱事遺利，studying and planning for every detail and benefit of the world
以上事天，--with this to do service to Heaven on high,
則天鄉其德， Heaven will bless their virtue;
下施之萬民， to bestow it to the people below,
萬民被其利，the people will be visited by its benefits
終身無已。 lasting beyond their lifetime.
故先王之言曰： Thus said the ancient kings:
『此道也，"Now, this way,
大用之天下則不窕，when followed broadly to govern the world, will not be found to be too slender;
小用之則不困，when followed narrowly, will not be too unwieldly;
脩用之則萬民被其利，終身無已。』when followed with discretion, will benefit the people beyond their lifetime."
周頌道之曰：Referring to it, the "Eulogy of Zhou" sings:
『聖人之德，"The virtue of the sage
若天之高，若地之普，其有昭於天下也。若地之固，若山之承，shining upon the world is lofty as Heaven, wide as earth, high as the mountain,
不坼不崩。 unbreakable and infallible;
若日之光， luminating as the sun,
若月之明， brilliant as the moon,
與天地同常。』 eternal with heaven and earth."
則此言聖人之德，章明博大，埴固，以脩久也。This is to describe how enlightening and all-embracing, deep-rooted and, therefore, permanent is the virtue of the sage.
故聖人之德蓋總乎天地者也。Therefore the virtue of the sage is really inclusive of heaven and earth.

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