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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷三 -> 尚同下 -> 2

然计得下之情将柰何可？But how can the desires of the people (being so many and various) be met?
故子墨子曰：“唯能以尚同一义为政，然后可矣。Therefore Mozi said: It can be done only by adopting the principle of Identification with the Superior in government.
何以知尚同一义之可而为政于天下也？How do we know the principle of Identification with the Superior can govern the empire?
然胡不审稽古之治为政之说乎。Why not then examine the administration and the theory of government of the ancient times?
古者，天之始生民，未有正长也，百姓为人。In the beginning there was no ruler and everybody was independent.
若苟百姓为人，是一人一义，十人十义，百人百义，千人千义，逮至人之众不可胜计也，则其所谓义者，亦不可胜计。Since every one was independent, there would be one purpose when there was one man, ten purposes when there were ten men, a hundred purposes when there were a hundred men, a thousand purposes when there were a thousand men and so on until the number of men became innumerable and the number of different purposes became innumerable with it.
此皆是其义，And all of them approved their own ideas
而非人之义， and disapproved those of others.
是以厚者有斗，And there was strife among the strong
而薄者有争。 and struggle among the weak.
是故天下之欲同一天下之义也， Thereupon Heaven wished to unify the standards in the world.
是故选择贤者，The virtuous was selected
立为天子。 and made emperor.
天子以其知力为未足独治天下， Conscious of the insufficiency of his power alone to govern the empire,
是以选择其次立为三公。 the emperor chose the next best (in virtue and wisdom) and honoured them to be the three ministers.
三公又以其知力为未足独左右天子也，是以分国建诸侯。Conscious of the insufficiency of their powers alone to assist the emperor, the three ministers in turn divided the empire into feudal states and assigned them to feudal lords.
诸侯又以其知力为未足独治其四境之内也，是以选择其次立为卿之宰。Conscious of the insufficiency of his power alone to govern all that were within his four borders, the feudal lord in turn selected his next best and commissioned them ministers and secretaries.
卿之宰又以其知力为未足独左右其君也，是以选择其次立而为乡长家君。Conscious of the insufficiency of their power alone to assist their feudal lord, the ministers and secretaries again selected their next best and appointed them district heads and clan patriarchs.
是故古者天子之立三公、诸侯、卿之宰、乡长家君，Therefore, in appointing the three ministers, the feudal lords, the ministers and secretaries, and the district heads and clan patriarchs,
非特富贵游佚而择之也，the emperor was not selecting them for wealth and honour, leisure and ease.
将使助治乱刑政也。 It was to employ them to help in administration and jurisdiction.
故古者建国设都，Hence, when Heaven established the empire and located the capital
乃立后王君公，and commissioned the sovereign, kings, lords, and dukes,
奉以卿士师长，and appointed secretaries, scholars, professors, and elders
此非欲用说也， - it was not to give them ease,
唯辩而使助治天
助1明也。		 but only to divide up the task and let them help carry out the light of Heaven.

1. 助 : 删除。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

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