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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷三 -> 尚同下 -> 3

今此何为人上而不能治其下，Why are the superiors now unable to govern their subordinates,
为人下而不能事其上， and the subordinates unwilling to serve their superiors?
则是上下相贼也， It is because of a mutual disregard.
何故以然？ What is the reason for this?
则义不同也。 The reason is a difference in standards.
若苟义不同者有党， Whenever standards differ there will be opposition.
上以若人为善，The ruler may think a man good
将赏之， and reward him.
若人唯使得上之赏，The man, though rewarded by the ruler,
而辟百姓之毁， yet by the same act provokes the condemnation of the people.
是以为善者，Therefore those who do good
必未可使劝，见有赏也。 are not necessarily encouraged by rewards.
上以若人为暴，The ruler may think a man evil
将罚之， and punish him.
若人唯使得上之罚，This man, though punished by the ruler,
而怀百姓之誉， yet at the same time receives the approval of the people.
是以为暴者，Therefore those who do evil
必未可使沮，见有罚也。 are not necessarily obstructed by punishments.
故计上之赏誉，Thus reward and honour from the ruler
不足以劝善，cannot encourage the good
计其毁罚，and his denunciation and punishment
不足以沮暴。 cannot prevent the evil.
此何故以然？
则		What is the reason for this? The reason is a difference in standards.
义不同也。1”

1. 则义不同也。 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

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