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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷三 -> 尚同下 -> 5

家既已治，國之道盡此已邪？Now that the clan is in order, is that all there is of the way of governing the feudal state?
則未也。By no means.
國之為家數也甚多， The state is composed of many clans.
此皆是其家，They all like their own clan
而非人之家， and dislike other clans.
是以厚者有亂，And there is strife among the strong
而薄者有爭， and struggle among the weak.
故又使家君總其家之
義		Therefore the clan patriarchs should again organize the purposes in the clan
1，
以尚同於國君。 and identify them with those of the feudal lord.
國君亦為發憲布令於國之眾，曰： The feudal lord also should give laws and should proclaim to the state:
『若見愛利國者，"Whoever discovers a benefactor of the state
必以告， shall report it;
若見惡賊國者，whoever discovers a malefactor of the state
亦必以告。 shall report it.
若見愛利國以告者，Whoever reports a benefactor of the state upon seeing one
亦猶愛利國者也， is equivalent to benefiting the state himself.
上得且賞之， Knowing him the superior will reward him,
眾聞則譽之， hearing of him the people will praise him.
若見惡賊國不以告者，Whoever fails to report a malefactor of the state upon seeing one
亦猶惡賊國者也， is equivalent to doing evil to the state himself.
上得且罰之， Knowing him the superior will punish him,
眾聞則非之。』 hearing of him the people will condemn him."
是以遍若國之人，皆欲得其長上之賞譽，避其毀罰。 Thereupon all people in the state wish to obtain reward and honour and avoid denunciation and punishment from their superior.
是以民見善者言之， Seeing the good they will report,
見不善者言之， seeing the evil they will report.
國君得善人而賞之，And the feudal lord can reward the good
得暴人而罰之。 and punish the evil.
善人賞而暴人罰，則國必治矣。With the good rewarded and the evil punished, the feudal state will surely have order.
然計若國之所以治者何也？Now, why is it that the state becomes orderly?
唯能以尚同一義為政故也。Just because the administration is based on the principle of Identification with the Superior.

1. 義 : 舊脫。 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》

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