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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷六 -> 节葬下 -> 4

且故兴天下之利，除天下之害，令国家百姓之不治也，自古及今，未尝之有也。It has never happened, from ancient times to the present day, that benefits are procured, calamities averted for the world, and disorder among the people of the country is regulated by elaborate funerals and extended mourning.
何以知其然也？How do we know?
今天下之士君子，将犹多皆疑惑厚葬久丧之为中是非利害也。For even at the present the gentlemen of the world are still doubtful whether elaborate funeral and extended mourning are right and beneficial.
故子墨子言曰： Mozi said:
“然则姑尝稽之，今虽毋法执厚葬久丧者言， I have examined the sayings of those who uphold elaborate funeral and extended mourning.
以为事乎国家。 If they should be taken seriously in the country,
此存乎王公大人有丧者，it would mean: when a lord dies,
曰棺椁必重， there would be several inner and outer coffins.
葬埋必厚， He would be buried deep.
衣衾必多， There would be many shrouds.
文绣必繁， Embroidery would be elaborate.
丘陇必巨； The grave mound would be massive.
存乎匹夫贱人死者，So, then, the death of a common man
殆竭家室； would exhaust the wealth of a family.
乎诸侯死者，And the death of a feudal lord
虚车府，would empty the state treasury
然后金玉珠玑比乎身，before his body would be surrounded with gold, jade, and pearls,
纶组节约，车马藏乎圹， and the grave filled with carts and horses and bundles of silk.
又必多为屋幕。Further, there should be plenty of canopies and hangings,
鼎鼓几梴壶滥，dings, drums, tables, pots, and ice receptacles,
戈剑羽旄齿革，spears, swords, feather banners, and hides
挟而埋之， all to be carried along and buried.
满意。 Not till then are the requirements considered fulfilled.
若送从，And, regarding those who were to die to accompany their lord,
曰天子杀殉，众者数百，寡者数十。 for the emperor or a feudal lord there should be from several hundred to several tens,
将军大夫杀殉，众者数十，寡者数人。 and for a minister or secretary there should be from several tens to several.
处丧之法将柰何哉？What are the rules to be observed by the mourner?
曰哭泣不秩声翁， He must weep without restraint and sound as if he is choking.
縗绖垂涕，Sackcloth is worn on the breast and hat of flax on the head. His tears and snivel are not to be wiped away.
处倚庐， The mourner is to live in a mourning hut,
寝苫枕块，sleep on a coarse mat of straw, and lay his head on a lump of earth.
又相率强不食而为饥，Then, he would be obliged to abstain from food in order to look hungry,
薄衣而为寒， and to wear little in order to look cold.
使面目陷陬， The face and eyes are to look sunken and as if in fear,
颜色黧黑耳目不聪明，and the complexion is to appear dark. Ears and eyes are to become dull,
手足不劲强，and hands and feet to become weak
不可用也。 and unusable.
又曰上士之操丧也，And, also, if the mourner is a high official,
必扶而能起， he has to be supported to rise,
杖而能行， and lean on a cane to walk.
以此共三年。 And all this is to last three years.
若法若言，Adopting such a doctrine
行若道使王公大人行此，and practising such a principle rulers
则必不能蚤朝， cannot come to court early (and retire late);
五官六府，the officials cannot attend to the five offices and six posts
辟草木，and encourage farming and forestry
实仓廪。 and fill the granaries;
使农夫行此。the farmers
则必不能蚤出夜入， cannot start out early and come in late
耕稼树艺。 to cultivate the land and plant trees;
使百工行此，the artisans
则必不能修舟车为器皿矣。 cannot build boats and vehicles and make vessels and utensils;
使妇人行此，and the women
则必不能夙兴夜寐，cannot rise early and retire late
纺绩织紝。 to weave and spin.
细计厚葬。So, then, in elaborate funerals
为多埋赋之财者也。 much wealth is buried,
计久丧，and in extended mourning
为久禁从事者也。 abstention from work is prolonged.
财以成者，Wealth already produced
扶而埋之； is carried away into the grave.
后得生者，而久禁之， Child-bearing is postponed.
以此求富，To seek wealth in this way
此譬犹禁耕而求获也， is like seeking a harvest by prohibiting farming.
富之说无可得焉。 The way to wealth then is not here found.

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