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中国哲学书电子化计划
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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷七 -> 天志下 -> 2

是故子墨子言曰：And Mozi said:
“戒之慎之，Be obedient. Be careful.
必为天之所欲，Be sure to do what Heaven desires
而去天之所恶。 and avoid what Heaven abominates.
曰天之所欲者何也？Now, what does Heaven desire
所恶者何也？ and what does Heaven abominate?
天欲义而恶其不义者也。Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness.
何以知其然也？How do we know this?
曰义者正也。Because righteousness is the standard.
何以知义之为正也？How do we know righteousness is the standard?
天下有义则治， Because with righteousness the world will be orderly;
无义则乱， without it the world will be disorderly.
我以此知义之为正也。So, I know righteousness is the standard.
然而正者，Now a standard
无自下正上者， is never given by the subordinate to the superior,
必自上正下。 it is always to be given by the superior to the subordinate.
是故庶人不得次己而为正， Hence the common people may not make the standard at will.
有士正之； There are the scholars to give them the standard.
士不得次己而为正， The scholars may not make the standard at will.
有大夫正之； There are the ministers to give them the standard.
大夫不得次己而为正， The ministers may not make the standard at will.
有诸侯正之； There are the feudal lords to give them the standard.
诸侯不得次己而为正， The feudal lords may not make the standard at will.
有三公正之； There is the high duke to give them the standard.
三公不得次己而为正， The high duke may not make the standard at will.
有天子正之； There is the emperor to give him the standard.
天子不得次己而为政， The emperor may not make the standard at will.
有天正之。 There is Heaven to give him the standard.
今天下之士君子，皆明于天子之正天下也，而不明于天
之1正
天子		The gentlemen of the world all understand that the emperor gives the standard to the world but do not understand that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor.
2也。
是故古者圣人，明以此说人曰：The sages, explaining this, said:
‘天子有善， "When the emperor has done good,
天能赏之； Heaven rewards him.
天子有过， When the emperor has committed wrong,
天能罚之。’ Heaven punishes him.
天子赏罚不当，When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment
听狱不中， and not judicious in hearing lawsuits,
天下疾病祸福， Heaven visits him with disease and calamities,
霜露不时， and frost and dew will be untimely."
天子必且犓豢其牛羊犬彘，The emperor will then have to feed oxen and sheep with grass and dogs and pigs with grains
洁为粢盛酒醴，and prepare clean cakes and wine
以祷祠祈福于天， to pray and invoke Heaven for blessing.
我未尝闻天之祷祈福于天子也， I have not yet heard of Heaven praying and invoking the emperor for blessing.
吾以此知天之重且贵于天子也。So, I can say Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor.
是故义者不自愚且贱者出，必自贵且知者出。Therefore righteousness does not come from the ignorant and humble but from the honourable and wise.
Who is honourable? Heaven is honourable.
曰谁为知？ Who is wise?
天为知。 Heaven is wise.
然则义果自天出也。And, so, righteousness assuredly comes from Heaven.
今天下之士君子之欲为义者，则不可不顺天之意矣。And the gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness therefore must obey the will of Heaven.

1. 之 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》
2. 天子 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

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