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墨家 -> 墨子 -> 卷九 -> 非命上 -> 6

然則何以知命之為暴人之道？Now how do we know fatalism is the way of the wicked?
昔上世之窮民，In ancient times, the miserable people
貪於飲食，indulged in drinking and eating
惰於從事， and were lazy in their work.
是以衣
食1之財不足，		 Thereupon their food and clothing became insufficient,
而飢寒凍餒之憂至， and the danger of hunger and cold was approaching.
不知曰 They did not acknowledge:
『我罷不肖，"I was stupid and insolent
從事不疾』， and was not diligent at work."
必曰 But they would say:
『我命固且貧』。 "It is but my lot to be poor."
昔上世暴王不忍其耳目之淫，The ancient wicked kings did not control the sensuality of their ears and eyes
心涂之辟， and the passions of their mind.
不順其親戚，They did not follow their ancestors
遂以亡失國家，and so they lost their country
傾覆社稷， and ruined their state.
不知曰 They did not know that they should confess:
『我罷不肖，"I am stupid and insolent
為政不善』， and was not diligent in attending to government."
必曰 But they would say:
『吾命固失之。』 "It is but my fate to lose it."
於仲虺之告曰： The "Announcement of Zhong Hui" says:
『我聞于夏人，矯天命布命于下，"I have heard that the man of Xia issued orders, pretending them to be fate of Heaven.
帝伐之惡，God was displeased
龔喪厥師。』 and destroyed his forces."
此言湯之所以非桀之執有命也。This tells how Tang showed Jie's belief in fate to be wrong.
於太誓曰： "The Great Declaration" says:
『紂夷處，"Zhou became insolent
不用事上帝鬼神，and would not worship God and pushed away the ancestors and spirits
禍厥先神禔不祀， without offering them sacrifices.
乃曰 And he said:
吾民有命， 'Fortune is with my people,'
無廖排漏， and neglected and betrayed his duty.
天亦縱棄之而弗葆。』 Heaven thereupon deserted him and withdrew its protection."
此言武王所以非紂執有命也。This tells how King Wu showed Zhou's belief in fate to be wrong.
今用執有命者之言， If the doctrine of the fatalist were put to practice,
則上不聽治，the superiors would not attend to government
下不從事。 and the subordinates would not attend to work.
上不聽治， If the superior does not attend to government,
則刑政亂； jurisdiction and administration will be in chaos.
下不從事， If the subordinates do not attend to work,
則財用不足， wealth will not be sufficient.
上無以供粢盛酒醴，Then, there will not be wherewith to provide for the cakes and wine
祭祀上帝鬼神，to worship and do sacrifice to God, ghosts and spirits above,
下無以2
降綏天下賢可之士， and there will not be wherewith to tranquillize the virtuous of the world below;
外無以應待諸侯之賓客， there will not be wherewith to entertain the noble guests from without,
內無以食飢衣寒，將養老弱。and there will not be wherewith to feed the hungry, clothe the cold, and care for the aged and weak within.
故命上不利於天， Therefore fatalism is not helpful to Heaven above,
中不利於鬼， nor to the spirits in the middle sphere,
下不利於人， nor to man below.
而強執此者，The eccentric belief in this doctrine
此特凶言之所自生，is responsible for pernicious ideas
而暴人之道也。」 and is the way of the wicked.

1. 食 : 舊脫。 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》
2. 下無以 : 舊脫。 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》

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