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中国哲学书电子化计划
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宋明 -> 三国演义 -> 诸葛亮舌战群儒，鲁子敬力排众议 -> 8

孔明听罢，哑然而笑曰：“鹏飞万里，其志岂群鸟能识哉？譬如人染沈疴，当先用糜粥以饮之，和药以服之；待其腑脏调和，形体渐安，然后用肉食以补之，猛药以治之；则病根尽去，人得全生也。若不待气脉和缓，便投以猛药厚味，欲求安保，诚为难矣。吾主刘豫州，向日军败于汝南，寄迹刘表，兵不满千，将止关、张、赵云而已；此正如病势尪羸已极之时也。新野山僻小县，人民稀少，粮食鲜薄，豫州不过暂借以容身，岂真将坐守于此耶？夫以甲兵不完，城郭不固，军不经练，粮不继日，然而博望烧屯，白河用水，使夏侯敦、曹仁辈心惊胆裂。窃谓管仲、乐毅之用兵，未必过此。至于刘琮降操，豫州实出不知；且又不忍乘乱夺同宗之基业，此真大仁大义也。当阳之败，豫州见有数十万赴义之民，扶老携幼相随，不忍弃之，日行十里，不思进取江陵，甘与同败，此亦大仁大义也。寡不敌众，胜负乃其常事。昔高皇数败于项羽，而垓下一战成功，此非韩信之良谋乎？夫信久事高皇，未尝累胜。盖国家大计，社稷安危，是有主谋，非比夸辩之徒，虚誉欺人，──坐议立谈，无人可及；临机应变，百无一能。──诚为天下笑耳！”Zhuge Liang waited till Zhang Zhao had closed his oration, then laughed and said, "How can the common birds understand the long flight of the cranes? Let me use an illustration. A man has fallen into a terrible malady. First the physician must administer hashish, then soothing drugs until his viscera shall be calmed into harmonious action. When the sick man's body shall have been reduced to quietude, then may he be given strong meats to strengthen him and powerful drugs to correct the disorder. Thus the disease will be quite expelled, and the man restored to health. If the physician does not wait till the humors and pulse are in harmony, but throws in his strong drugs too early, it will be difficult to restore the patient. "My master suffered defeat at Runan and went to Liu Biao. He had then less than one thousand soldiers and only three generals —-Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Zilong. That was indeed a time of extreme weakness. Xinye was a secluded, rustic town with few inhabitants and scanty supplies, and my master only retired there as a temporary refuge. How could he even think of occupying and holding it? Yet, with insufficient force, in a weak city, with untrained men and inadequate supplies, we burned Xiahou Dun at Bowang Slope, drowned Cao Ren and Cao Hong and their army in the White River, and set them in terror as they fled. I doubt whether the two ancient heroes would have done any better. As to the surrender of Liu Zong, Liu Bei knew nothing of it. And he was too noble and too righteous to take advantage of a kinsman's straits to seize his inheritance. As for the defeat at Dangyang, it must be remembered that Liu Bei was hampered with a huge voluntary following of common people, with their aged relatives and their children, whom he was too humane to abandon. He never thought of taking Jiangling, but willingly suffered with his people. This is a striking instance of his magnanimity. "Small forces are no match for large armies. Victory and defeat are common episodes in every campaign. The great Founder of the Hans suffered many defeats at the hands of Xiang Yu, but Liu Bang finally conquered at Gaixia, and that battle was decisive. Was not this due to the strategy of Han Xin who, though he had long served Liu Bang, had never won a victory. Indeed real statesmanship and the restoration of stable government is a master plan far removed from the vapid discourses and debates of a lot of bragging babblers and specious and deceitful talkers, who, as they themselves say, are immeasureably superior to the rest of humankind but who, when it comes to deeds and decisions to meet the infinite and constant vicissitudes of affairs, fail to throw up a single capable person. Truly such people are the laughing stock of all the world."

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