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Discussion -> Philosophical issues -> 「君子儒」、「小人儒」和「有教无类」

2021-05-14 01:09:58「君子儒」、「小人儒」和「有教无类」
Posted by: chunzai (chunzai)  《论语雍也》:「子谓子夏曰:「女为君子儒!无为小人儒!」」
  《宪问》子曰:「「古之学者为己;今之学者为人。」」
  两句意思有些相近处但不能混淆。孔安国注第一条曰:「君子为儒将以明道;小人为儒则矜其名」。其实古之学者皆贵族,养尊处优不愁生活,固可明道成为君子儒。礼崩乐坏,「今」之学者无名无以立,不得不「矜名」,为文凭、职称而学。为「谷」奋斗无可厚非,并非就算是「小人儒」。孔子自己也做过许多「鄙事」,努力自学成为君子大儒。孔安国明显误解了圣意,并非「矜其名」就算作「小人为儒」。孔子所称「小人儒」是指口是心非,道德败坏之流假儒,即使高官厚䘵的「大人」。
  其实孔子「有教无类」思想正以培养「为人」的「小人儒」为主,而非为己的贵族「君子儒」。这种全民教育的思想在当时非常先进,不但在那时中国,从全世界范围来看也是最先进的教育思想和理念。这与中国当时国势有关,各国纷争,为了社稷和自我生存,诸侯已经不允许再过分强调家族血统背景,不得不实行唯人材是举的政策。孔子看准了市场需求,关心学生,教育有方,及时为贵族提供「为人」之儒。他的许多学生做了大官,「孔子学院」成为当时统治集团精英人材库,连子路这样「好勇」而「喭」的粗人竟然能「使子羔为费宰」,也有资格成为鲁国季氏领导集团成员之一。
  当时「孔子学院」真是一所真正的「孔记」名牌大学呵。



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