| | 僖公八年: |
八年春，王正月，公會王人、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、許男、曹伯、陳世子款、鄭世子華，盟于洮。王人者何？微者也。曷為序乎諸侯之上？先王命也。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, in the first lunar month, the Duke met with Wang Ren, Marquis Qi, Duke Song, Marquis Wei, Master Xu, Duke Cao, Crown Prince Kuan of Chen, and Crown Prince Hua of Zheng, and they formed an alliance at Tao. What was Wang Ren? He was a minor official. Why is he listed above the feudal lords? Because it was a command from the former king.
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| | 僖公八年: |
鄭伯乞盟。乞盟者何？處其所而請與也。其處其所而請與奈何？蓋酌之也。 |
| | Duke Zheng requested to join the alliance. What does "begging for an alliance" mean? It means staying in his own place and requesting to participate. How did he stay in his own place while requesting to join? It was probably a matter of careful consideration.
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| | 僖公八年: |
夏，狄伐晉。 |
| | In summer, the Di attacked Jin.
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| | 僖公八年: |
秋，七月，禘于太廟，用致夫人。用者何？用者不宜用也。致者何？致者不宜致也。禘用致夫人，非禮也。夫人何以不稱姜氏？貶。曷為貶？譏以妾為妻也。其言以妾為妻奈何？蓋脅于齊媵女之先至者也。 |
| | In autumn, on the seventh lunar month, a dì sacrifice was held at the Great Ancestral Temple to honor the deceased wife of the ruler. What does "used" mean here? "Used" refers to something that should not have been used. What does "to honor the deceased wife" mean? "To honor the deceased wife" refers to something that should not be honored. Holding a dì sacrifice to honor the deceased wife was against ritual propriety. Why is the lady not referred to by her clan name Jiang Shi? It was a form of censure. Why was it considered censure? Because it criticized the act of treating a concubine as a wife. What does "treating a concubine as a wife" mean? It was probably due to pressure from the Qí sent women who arrived earlier.
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| | 僖公八年: |
冬，十有二月丁未，天王崩。 |
| | In winter, on the Dingwei day of the twelfth lunar month (December 29, 479 BC), King Tian passed away.
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