| | 僖公元年: |
元年春，王正月。公何以不言即位？繼弒君，子不言即位。此非子也，其稱子何？臣、子一例也。 |
| | In the first year [of his reign], spring, the King's first month. Why does the text not mention the duke assuming the throne? Because he succeeded an assassinated ruler, a son does not mention assuming the throne. He was not a son; why is he referred to as a son? Ministers and sons are treated the same.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
齊師、宋師、曹師次于聶北，救邢。救不言次，此其言次何？不及事也。不及事者何？邢已亡矣。孰亡之？蓋狄滅之。曷為不言狄滅之？為桓公諱也。曷為為桓公諱？上無天子，下無方伯，天下諸侯有相滅亡者，桓公不能救，則桓公恥之。曷為先言次而後言救？君也。君則其稱師何？不與諸侯專封也。曷為不與？實與而文不與。文曷為不與？諸侯之義不得專封也。諸侯之義不得專封，則其曰實與之何？上無天子，下無方伯，天下諸侯有相滅亡者，力能救之，則救之可也。 |
| | The armies of Qi, Song, and Cao stationed at Niebei, to rescue Jing. Rescue missions are not described as stationing; why then is this one described as such? Because they did not participate in the action. What does it mean that they did not participate in the matter? Because Jing had already perished. Who caused its fall? It was probably destroyed by the Di people. Why is it not stated that the Di destroyed it? To avoid dishonoring Duke Huan. Why was this done to avoid dishonoring Duke Huan? Above, there was no Son of Heaven; below, there were no regional lords. Among the feudal lords of the world, if any had been destroyed by others and Duke Huan could not rescue them, it would have been a shame for Duke Huan. Why is stationing mentioned first and rescuing mentioned later? Because it refers to the ruler. If it refers to a ruler, why is an army mentioned? To indicate disapproval of feudal lords acting independently in granting fiefs. Why is this disapproved? In reality, it was approved, but in terms of propriety, it was not. Why is it disapproved in terms of propriety? Because according to the principles of feudal lords, they could not act independently in granting fiefs. If the principles for feudal lords prohibit acting independently in granting fiefs, then why is it said to have been approved in reality? Above there was no Son of Heaven, and below there were no regional lords; among the feudal lords in the world who destroyed one another, if a lord had the strength to rescue them, then it would be acceptable for him to do so.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
夏，六月，邢遷于陳儀。遷者何？其意也。遷之者何？非其意也。 |
| | In summer, sixth month, Jing was relocated to Chenyi. What does "relocated" mean? It indicates an intention. Who relocated it? Not by their own will.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
齊師、宋師、曹師城邢。此一事也，曷為復言齊師、宋師、曹師？不復言師，則無以知其為一事也。 |
| | The armies of Qi, Song and Cao built a city for Jing. This is one event; why are the armies of Qi, Song, and Mao mentioned again? If the mention of the armies were not repeated, there would be no way to know that it refers to one event.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
秋，七月戊辰，夫人姜氏薨于夷，齊人以歸。夷者何？齊地也。齊地，則其言齊人以歸何？夫人薨于夷，則齊人以歸。夫人薨于夷，則齊人曷為以歸？桓公召而縊殺之。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, on the Wuchen day, Lady Jiang Shi died in Yi; the people of Qi brought her back. What is "Yi"? It was a place in Qi. Since it was land of Qi, why is it stated that the people of Qi brought her back? When a lady died in Yi, then the people of Qi would bring her back. If a lady died in Yi, why did the people of Qi bring her back? Duke Huan summoned her and strangled her to death.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
楚人伐鄭。八月，公會齊侯、宋公、鄭伯、曹伯、邾婁人于朾。九月，公敗邾婁師于纓。 |
| | The people of Chu attacked Zheng. In the eighth month, the duke met with Duke Qi, Gong Song, Bo Zheng, Bo Cao, and Zhulou at Deng. In the ninth month, the duke defeated the army of Zhulou at Ying.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
冬，十月壬午，公子友帥師，敗莒師于犁，獲莒挐。莒挐者何？莒大夫也。莒無大夫，此何以書？大季子之獲也。何大乎季子之獲？季子治內難以正，禦外難以正。其禦外難以正奈何？公子慶父弒閔公，走而之莒，莒人逐之，將由乎齊，齊人不納，卻反舍于汶水之上，使公子奚斯入請。季子曰：「公子不可以入，入則殺矣！」奚斯不忍反命于慶父，自南涘，北面而哭。慶父聞之曰：「嘻！此奚斯之聲也，諾已。」曰：「吾不得入矣！」於是抗輈經而死。莒人聞之曰：「吾已得子之賊矣！」以求賂乎魯。魯人不與，為是興師而伐魯，季子待之以偏戰。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, on the Renwu day, Gongzi You led an army and defeated the army of Ju at Li, capturing Ju Na. Who was Ju Na? He was a high minister of Ju. Ju did not have high ministers; why is this recorded? Because it was the capture of Da Jizi. Why is the capture of Jizi considered significant? Jizi handled internal difficulties with righteousness and repelled external threats with righteousness. What does it mean to repel external threats with righteousness? Gongzi Qingfu assassinated Duke Min, fled to Ju, but the people of Ju drove him out. He intended to go through Qi, but the people of Qi did not admit him. Instead, he turned back and stayed by the Wei River, sending Gongzi Xisi into Qi to make a request. Jizi said: "The prince cannot enter; if he does, he will be killed!" Xisi could not bear to return with the message to Qingfu and wept facing north from the southern bank. Qingfu heard of this and said, "Ah! This is Xisi's voice. I will accept it." He said, "I cannot enter Qi anymore!" At this point, he turned his carriage around and died. The people of Ju heard about it and said: "We have already captured the one who killed you!" They used this to demand a ransom from Lu. The people of Lu did not agree, so for this reason they raised an army and attacked Lu; Jizi engaged them in a partial battle.
|
| | 僖公元年: |
十有二月丁巳，夫人氏之喪至自齊。夫人何以不稱姜氏？貶。曷為貶？與弒公也。然則曷為不於弒焉貶？貶必於其重者，莫重乎其以喪至也。 |
| | On the disi day of the twelfth month, the funeral procession for Lady Shi arrived from Qi. Why is the lady not referred to as Jiang Shi? It was a demotion in status. Why was it demoted? Because she participated in the assassination of the duke. If so, then why was her status not demoted at the time of the assassination? Demotion must occur when something significant happens; nothing is more significant than the arrival of a funeral procession.
|
