| | 隱公三年: |
三年春，王二月己巳，日有食之。何以書？記異也。日食則曷為或日或不日？或言朔或不言朔？曰「某月某日朔，日有食之」者，食正朔也；其或日或不日，或失之前，或失之後。失之前者，朔在前也；失之後者，朔在後也。 |
| | In the third year [of the reign period], spring, the second month, on the Jisi day, there was a solar eclipse. Why is this recorded? To record an unusual event. When a solar eclipse occurs, why is it sometimes recorded with the day and sometimes not? Sometimes the new moon is mentioned and sometimes it is not? Those that say, "On the first day of a certain month [the new moon], there was a solar eclipse," refer to an eclipse occurring on the correct new moon; The reason why it is sometimes recorded with the date and sometimes not, or whether the new moon is mentioned or not, depends on whether the eclipse occurred before or after the actual new moon. If it occurred before, then the new moon was earlier; If it occurred after, then the new moon came later.
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| | 隱公三年: |
三月庚戌，天王崩。何以不書葬？天子記崩不記葬，必其時也。諸侯記卒記葬，有天子存，不得必其時也。曷為或言崩或言薨？天子曰崩，諸侯曰薨，大夫曰卒，士曰不祿。 |
| | On the Gengxu day of the third month, King Tian died. Why is his burial not recorded? For the Son of Heaven, only death is recorded and burial is not mentioned; this must be in accordance with the proper time. For feudal lords, both death and burial are recorded because when a Son of Heaven is still living, they cannot necessarily follow the proper timing. Why is it sometimes said "died suddenly" (beng) or "passed away peacefully" (hong)? For the Son of Heaven it is said "died suddenly" (beng), for feudal lords "passed away peacefully" (hong), for high officials "died" (cu), and for commoners "lost their salary" (bulu).
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| | 隱公三年: |
夏，四月辛卯，尹氏卒。尹氏者何？天子之大夫也。其稱尹氏何？貶。曷為貶？譏世卿，世卿非禮也。外大夫不卒，此何以卒？天王崩，諸侯之主也。 |
| | In summer, the fourth month, on the Xinmao day, Yin Shi died. Who was Yin Shi? He was a high official of the Son of Heaven. Why is he referred to by his clan name Yin? It indicates a demotion. Why was he demoted? To criticize hereditary official positions, for such positions are against the rites. High officials from outside [the capital] are not recorded as having died; why is this one recorded as having died? King Tian's death was the main event for feudal lords.
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| | 隱公三年: |
秋，武氏子來求賻。武氏子者何？天子之大夫也。其稱武氏子何？譏。何譏爾？父卒子未命也。何以不稱使？當喪未君也。武氏子來求賻，何以書？譏。何譏爾？喪事無求，求賻非禮也，蓋通于下。 |
| | 隆重 In autumn, a son of the Wu family came to request funeral gifts. Who was the son of the Wu family? He was a high official under the Son of Heaven. Why is he referred to as "the son of the Wu family"? It indicates criticism. What exactly is being criticized? Because the father had died and the son had not yet been appointed to an official position. Why is he not referred to as a "envoy"? Because during the mourning period, there was no reigning monarch. Why is it recorded that the son of the Wu family came requesting funeral gifts? It indicates criticism. What exactly is being criticized? Mourning matters should not involve requests; to request funeral gifts is against the rites, and this practice likely spread among common people.
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| | 隱公三年: |
八月庚辰，宋公和卒。 |
| | On the Gengchen day of the eighth month, Duke He of Song died.
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| | 隱公三年: |
冬，十有二月，齊侯、鄭伯盟于石門。癸未，葬宋繆公。葬者曷為或日或不日？不及時而日，渴葬也；不及時而不日，慢葬也。過時而日，隱之也；過時而不日，謂之不能葬也。當時而不日，正也。當時而日，危不得葬也。此當時何危爾？宣公謂繆公曰：「以吾愛與夷，則不若愛女；以為社稷宗廟主，則與夷不若女，盍終為君矣？」宣公死，繆公立，繆公逐其二子莊公馮與左師勃，曰：「爾為吾子，生毋相見，死毋相哭。」與夷復曰：「先君之所為不與臣國而納國乎君者，以君可以為社稷宗廟主也。今君逐君之二子而將致國乎與夷，此非先君之意也。且使子而可逐，則先君其逐臣矣。」繆公曰：「先君之不爾逐可知矣，吾立乎此攝也。」終致國乎與夷。莊公馮弒與夷。故君子大居正，宋之禍宣公為之也。 |
| | In winter, on the twelfth month, Lord Qi and Lord Zheng formed an alliance at Shimen. On the Kuwei day, Duke Miu of Song was buried. Why is burial sometimes recorded with a date and sometimes not? When the date is mentioned but it was not timely, it indicates an eagerness to bury. When the burial was untimely and no date is given, it shows a neglectful attitude toward the funeral rites. If the time has passed but a date is still recorded, it implies concealment; If the time has passed and no date is recorded, it means they were unable to perform the burial rites. When the timing was appropriate but a specific day is not mentioned, this indicates proper conduct. If it was timely and yet a date is recorded specifically, it suggests danger or inability to perform the burial properly. What kind of danger does this refer to in such a timely situation? Duke Xuan said to Duke Miu, "If I were to choose between my beloved Yiyi and you, I love you more; As for who should be the ruler of our state and the guardian of ancestral temples, Yiyi is not as suitable as you. Why don't you become the ruler?" After Duke Xuan died, Duke Miu was enthroned. Duke Miu expelled his two sons, Duke Zhuanggong Feng and Zuo Shi Bo, saying, "You are my sons; while I am alive, we shall not meet, and after my death, we shall not mourn for each other." Yiyi then said, "The late ruler did not give the state to me but instead handed it over to you because he believed that only you could serve as the guardian of our ancestral temples and the state. Now, however, you have driven away your two sons and intend to hand over the state to me; this is not in accordance with my late father's wishes." Moreover, if a son can be driven away by his ruler, then your late father would have expelled me as well." Duke Miu said, "It is clear that the late ruler did not expel you; I am merely acting as regent while in power." Eventually, he transferred the state to Yiyi. Duke Zhuanggong Feng assassinated Yiyi. Therefore, the virtuous men emphasize upholding righteousness; the calamity in Song was caused by Duke Xuan.
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