| | 文公二年: |
二年春，王二月甲子，晉侯及秦師戰於彭衙。秦師敗績。丁丑，作僖公主。作，為也。為僖公主也。立主，喪主於虞，吉主於練。作僖公主，譏其後也。作主、壞廟有時日，於練焉壞廟。壞廟之道，易簷可也，改塗可也。 |
| | In spring of the second year, on the Jiazi day of the second month of Wang, Duke Jin and the Qin forces fought a battle at Pengya. The Qin forces suffered a crushing defeat. On the Dingchou day, Princess Xi was created. Zuo means "to be" or "to become." She became Princess Xi. Establishing a principal heir: for mourning rites, the principal heir is determined at Yu; for auspicious rites, it is determined at Lian. Creating Princess Xi was a criticism of her successors. Establishing a principal heir and damaging the ancestral temple are matters with specific dates; the ancestral temple is damaged at Lian. The way to damage the ancestral temple: it may be done by removing tiles, or repainting walls.
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| | 文公二年: |
三月乙巳，及晉處父盟。不言公，處父伉也，為公諱也。何以知其與公盟？以其日也。何以不言公之如晉？所恥也。出不書，反不致也。 |
| | On the Yisi day of the third month, an alliance was made with Jin Chufu. The term "gong" (public) is not used because Chu Fu was his equal; it is omitted out of respect for the ruler's name. How do we know that he formed an alliance with the ruler? Because of its date. łoży Why is it not mentioned that the ruler went to Jin? Because it was a source of shame. His departure is not recorded, and his return is not reported.
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| | 文公二年: |
夏，六月，公孫敖會宋公、陳侯、鄭伯、晉士谷，盟於垂斂。內大夫可以會外諸侯。 |
| | In summer, on the sixth month, Gongsun Ao met with Duke Song, Marquis Chen, Lord Zheng, and Jin Shi Gu, and they formed an alliance at Chuilian. A high minister of the state may meet with foreign feudal lords.
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| | 文公二年: |
自十有二月不雨，至於秋七月。歷時而言不雨，文不憂雨也。不憂雨者，無志乎民也。 |
| | From the twelfth month without rain, it continued until the seventh month of autumn. Mentioning the duration and saying there was no rain indicates that the text does not express concern over the lack of rain. One who is not concerned about rain shows no care for the people.
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| | 文公二年: |
八月丁卯，大事於大廟，躋僖公。大事者何？大是事也，著祫、嘗。祫祭者，毀廟之主，陳於大祖，未毀廟之主，皆升合祭於大祖。躋，升也，先親而後祖也，逆祀也。逆祀，則是無昭穆也。無昭穆，則是無祖也。無祖，則無天也。故曰：文無天。無天者，是無天而行也。君子不以親親害尊尊，此《春秋》之義也。 |
| | On the Dingmao day of the eighth month, a grand ceremony was held at the Grand Temple to elevate Duke Xi. What is meant by "a great matter"? It refers to a major ritual, specifically the grand ancestral rites of xia and chang. The xia sacrifice refers to bringing the tablets of ancestors from destroyed temples, placing them before the great ancestor; for those whose ancestral temples have not been destroyed, all their tablets are elevated and jointly sacrificed at the temple of the great ancestor. Ji means "to elevate," prioritizing close relatives over ancestors, which is a reversal of proper ritual order. To reverse the sacrificial order is to disregard the distinctions between generations and lineages. Without distinctions of generations and lineages, it means there is no ancestor. Without an ancestor, there is no Heaven. Therefore it is said: "The text shows no reverence for Heaven." One who disregards Heaven acts without regard for the Mandate of Heaven. A gentleman does not allow familial affection to harm respect for hierarchy; this is the principle of The Spring and Autumn Annals.
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| | 文公二年: |
冬，晉人、宋人、陳人、鄭人伐秦。公子遂如齊納幣。 |
| | In winter, the people of Jin, Song, Chen, and Zheng attacked Qin. Gongzi Sui went to Qi to present gifts.
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