| 中國哲學書電子化計劃 |
《貪損》 | 英文翻譯：人工智能和中國哲學書電子化計劃用戶 [?] | 電子圖書館 |
| 1 | 貪損: | 民之饑，以其上食稅之多，是以飢。人民所以饑寒者，以其君上稅食下太多，民皆化上為貪，叛道違德，故饑。民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治。民之不可治者，以其君上多欲，好有為也。是以其民化上有為，情偽難治。民之輕死，以其上求生之厚，人民所以侵犯死者，以其求生活之道太厚，貪利以自危。是以輕死。以求生太厚之故，輕入死地也。夫為無以生為者，是賢於貴生。夫唯獨無以生為務者，爵祿不干於意，財利不入於身，天子不得臣，諸侯不得使，則賢於貴生也。 |
| The people's hunger is due to their rulers taking excessive taxes as food, hence the hunger. The reason why the people suffer from hunger and cold is that their rulers take too much food as taxes from below; the people all become greedy by imitating their superiors, rebel against the Way, and violate virtue, hence they endure hunger. The difficulty in governing the people arises from the rulers' active interventions; therefore, it is difficult to govern them. The reason why the people cannot be governed well is that their superiors have many desires and favor active interventions. Therefore, the people imitate their rulers' active interventions, become artificial in sentiment, and thus are difficult to govern. The people's disregard for death arises from their rulers' excessive pursuit of life. The reason why the people dare to violate and risk death is that they pursue ways to sustain life too intensely, becoming greedy for profit and endangering themselves. Therefore, they lightly regard death. Because of their excessive pursuit of life, they recklessly enter dangerous situations. He who acts without seeking to sustain his own life is more virtuous than one who highly values life. Only those who do not regard sustaining life as their main concern have no desire for titles or emoluments, and wealth and profit do not enter their lives; even the Son of Heaven cannot make them his subjects, nor can feudal lords command them—thus they are more virtuous than those who highly value life. |
URN: ctp:heshanggong/75