| | 朱景王杜... : |
朱祐字仲先，南陽宛人也。少孤，歸外家復陽劉氏，往來舂陵，世祖與伯升皆親愛之。伯升拜大司徒，以祐為護軍。及世祖為大司馬，討河北，復以祐為護軍，常見親幸，舍止於中。祐侍讌，從容曰：「長安政亂，公有日角之相，此天命也。」世祖曰：「召刺姦收護軍！」祐乃不敢復言。從征河北，常力戰陷陣，以為偏將軍，封安陽侯。世祖即位，拜為建義大將軍。建武二年，更封堵陽侯。冬，與諸將擊鄧奉於淯陽，祐軍敗，為奉所獲。明年，奉破，乃肉袒因祐降。帝復祐位而厚加慰賜。遣擊新野、隨，皆平之。 |
| | Zhu You, courtesy name Zhongxian, was a native of Wan, Nanyang. He lost his father at an early age and went to live with his maternal relatives, the Liu family of Fuyang. He traveled between Chongling, and both Emperor Shizu and his elder brother Bosheng treated him with affection. Bosheng was appointed as the Grand Minister of Works (Dashi Tu), and he appointed You as a military protector (Hu Jun). When Emperor Shizu became the Grand Marshal and campaigned in Hebei, he again appointed You as a military protector. You was often seen close to him and favored by him, residing within his inner quarters. While attending a banquet in attendance, You spoke casually and said, "The government of Chang'an is in chaos. Your Majesty has the facial markings of a Son of Heaven; this is the will of heaven." Emperor Shizu said, "Summon the official for investigating corruption to arrest the military protector!" You then dared not speak further. Accompanying the campaign in Hebei, You often fought bravely and broke through enemy lines. For this, he was appointed as a general of the left wing (Pian Jiangjun) and enfeoffed as Marquis of Anyang. After Emperor Shizu ascended the throne, he appointed You as the General of the Righteous Army (Jianyi Dajiangjun). In the second year of Jianwu era, he was re-enfeoffed as Marquis Duyang. In winter, he joined other generals to attack Deng Feng at Yuyang, but You's army was defeated and captured by Deng Feng. The following year, after Deng Feng was defeated, he surrendered in person through You, wearing only a cloth over his shoulders as a sign of submission. The emperor restored You's position and bestowed generous rewards upon him. He was dispatched to attack Xinye and Sui, both of which were pacified.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
延岑自敗於穰，遂與秦豐將張成合，祐率征虜將軍祭遵與戰於東陽，大破之，臨陣斬成，延岑敗走歸豐。祐收得印綬九十七。進擊黃郵，降之，賜祐黃金三十斤。四年，率破姦將軍侯進、輔威將軍耿植代征南大將軍岑彭圍秦豐於黎丘，破其將張康於蔡陽，斬之。帝自至黎丘，使御史中丞李由持璽書招豐，豐出惡言，不肯降。車駕引還，敕祐方略，祐盡力攻之。明年夏，城中窮困，豐乃將其母妻子九人肉袒降。祐轞車傳豐送洛陽，斬之。大司馬吳漢劾奏祐廢詔受降，違將帥之任，帝不加罪。祐還，與騎都尉臧宮會擊延岑餘黨陰、酇、筑陽三縣賊，悉平之。 |
| | After Yan Cen was defeated at Rang, he joined forces with Zhang Cheng, a general of Qin Feng. You led the Expeditionary General Jia Zun to fight them at Dongyang and decisively crushed their army, slaying Zhang Cheng on the battlefield. Yan Cen fled in defeat back to Feng. You captured ninety-seven seals and sashes of office. Advancing to attack Huangyou, he induced its surrender and was rewarded with thirty catties (jin) of gold by the emperor. In the fourth year, You led General Hou Jin of the Army for Eradicating Corruption and General Geng Zhi of the Army of Auxiliary Valor to succeed Nan Da Jiangjun Cen Peng in besieging Qin Feng at Liqiu. He defeated Zhang Kang, a general of Qin, at Caiyang and beheaded him. The emperor personally arrived at Liqiu and sent the Chief Censor-in-Chief Li You with an imperial edict to summon Qin Feng, but Qin Feng responded with harsh words and refused to surrender. The emperor's procession withdrew, and he gave You instructions on strategy; You then attacked with all his might. The following summer, when the city was in dire straits, Qin Feng led his mother, wife, and nine children to surrender by wearing only cloth over their shoulders. You placed Qin Feng on a palanquin carriage and sent him to Luoyang, where he was executed. The Grand Marshal Wu Han impeached You for disregarding the imperial decree and accepting a surrender, which violated his duties as a general; however, the emperor did not hold him guilty. After returning, You joined Qi Douchi Zang Gong to attack the remnants of Yan Cen's forces in Yin, Zhuan, and Chuyang counties; he completely pacified them.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
祐為人質直，尚儒學。將兵率眾，多受降，以克定城邑為本，不存首級之功。又禁制士卒不得虜掠百姓，軍人樂放縱，多以此怨之。九年，屯南行唐拒匈奴。十三年，增邑，定封鬲侯，食邑七千三百戶。 |
| | You was a man of integrity and sincerity, who valued Confucian learning. When leading troops, he often accepted surrenders, regarding the pacification of cities and towns as his primary goal rather than seeking credit for beheading enemies. He also prohibited soldiers from looting the civilian population, and since his troops enjoyed unrestrained behavior, many of them resented him for this. In the ninth year, he stationed at Nan Xingtang to resist the Xiongnu. In the thirteenth year, his fief was expanded; it was finally enfeoffed as Ge Hou, with a stipend from 7,300 households.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
十五年，朝京師，上大將軍印綬，因留奉朝請。祐奏古者人臣受封，不加王爵，可改諸王為公。帝即施行，又奏宜令三公並去「大」名，以法經典。後遂從其議。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, he paid homage to the capital and presented his general's seal and sash of office; thus, he remained in residence to attend court audiences. You submitted a memorial stating that according to ancient customs, subjects receiving enfeoffment should not be granted the title of king; he suggested changing all kings into dukes. The emperor immediately implemented this, and You further proposed that the Three Dukes should also remove the character "Da" (Great) from their titles to conform with classical norms. Later, the court followed his proposal.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
祐初學長安，帝往候之，祐不時相勞苦，而先升講舍。後車駕幸其第，帝因笑曰；「主人得無捨我講乎？」以有舊恩，數蒙賞賚。二十四年，卒。 |
| | Initially, You studied in Chang'an; when the emperor went to visit him, You did not immediately attend to his labor or fatigue but instead ascended first into the lecture hall. Later, when the emperor visited his residence in a procession, he laughed and said: "Is it possible that my host is going to abandon me for another lecture?" Because of their old bond, You was frequently rewarded. In the twenty-fourth year, he died.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子商嗣。商卒，子演嗣，永元十四年，坐從兄伯為外孫陰皇后巫蠱事，免為庶人。永初七年，鄧太后紹封演子沖為鬲侯。 |
| | His son Shang succeeded him. After Shang died, his son Yan succeeded him; in the fourteenth year of Yongyuan era, due to his cousin Bo's involvement in a witchcraft case related to Empress Yin, Yan was stripped of his title and reduced to commoner status. In the seventh year of Yongchu era, Empress Dowager Deng restored the enfeoffment by bestowing Yan's son Chong as Marquis Ge.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
景丹字孫卿，馮翊櫟陽人也。少學長安。王莽時舉四科：丹以言語為固德侯相，有幹事稱，遷朔調連率副貳。 |
| | Jing Dan, courtesy name Sunqing, was a native of Linyang, Fengyi. He studied in Chang'an at an early age. During the reign of Wang Mang, four categories were selected for official appointments: Dan was appointed as Assistant Magistrate (Hou Xiang) of Guidu Hou by virtue of his eloquence. He gained a reputation for administrative competence and was promoted to deputy commander of Shuodiao Lian.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
更始立，遣使者徇上谷，丹與連率耿況降，復為上谷長史。王郎起，丹與況共謀拒之。況使丹與子弇及寇恂等將兵南歸世祖，世祖引見丹等，笑曰：「邯鄲將帥數言我發漁陽、上谷兵，吾聊應言然，何意二郡良為吾來！方與士大夫共此功名耳。」拜丹為偏將軍，號奉義侯。從擊王郎將兒宏等於南讀，郎兵迎戰，漢軍退卻，丹等縱突騎擊，大破之，追奔十餘里，死傷者從橫。丹還，世祖謂曰：「吾聞突騎天下精兵，今乃見其戰，樂可言邪？」遂從征河北。 |
| | When the Gengshi regime was established, its envoys were sent to pacify Shanggu. Dan and Lian Shuai Geng Kuang surrendered, and Dan was again appointed as Chief Clerk of Shanggu. When Wang Lang rose in rebellion, Dan and Kuang plotted together to resist him. Kuang sent Dan, along with his son Yan and Kou Xun, to lead troops southward to Emperor Shizu. Upon meeting them, the emperor greeted Dan and others with a smile, saying: "The generals of Handan often mentioned that I would raise forces from Youyang and Shanggu; I merely said this casually as a response, never expecting these two commanderies' fine men to actually come for me!" "This is precisely the kind of achievement we share with our scholars and officials." He appointed Dan as a General of the Left Wing (Pian Jiangjun), bestowing him the title Hou of Fengyi. Accompanying the attack on Wang Lang's general Er Hong at Nan Du, Lang's forces launched a frontal assault and the Han army retreated. Dan led a sudden cavalry charge that decisively crushed them, pursuing their fleeing troops for more than ten li, with dead and wounded lying everywhere. After Dan returned, Emperor Shizu said to him: "I have heard that the cavalry is the finest troops in the world; now I have witnessed their battle. How can one describe the joy of it?" Dan then joined the campaign in Hebei.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
世祖即位，以讖文用平狄將軍孫咸行大司馬，眾咸不悅。詔舉可為大司馬者，群臣所推唯吳漢及丹。帝曰：「景將軍北州大將，是其人也。然吳將軍有建大策之勳，又誅苗幽州、謝尚書，其功大。舊制驃騎將軍官與大司馬相兼也。」乃以吳漢為大司馬，而拜丹為驃騎大將軍。 |
| | After Emperor Shizu ascended to the throne, he appointed Sun Xin as Acting Grand Marshal (Da Sima) based on a prophetic text; this decision was met with general dissatisfaction. An imperial edict summoned nominations for someone suitable to serve as Grand Marshal, and among the officials, only Wu Han and Dan were recommended by all. The emperor said: "General Jing is a great general of the northern region; he is the right person for this." "However, General Wu has meritorious service in devising grand strategies and also executed Miao Youzhou and Xie Shangshu; his achievements are great." "According to the old system, the position of General of the Household Cavalry (Biaoqi Jiangjun) is combined with that of Grand Marshal." He thus appointed Wu Han as Grand Marshal and conferred Dan the title of General of the Household Cavalry, a major general.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
建武二年，定封丹櫟陽侯。帝謂丹曰：「今關東故王國，雖數縣，不過櫟陽萬戶邑。夫『富貴不歸故鄉，如衣繡夜行』，故以封卿耳。」丹頓首謝。秋，與吳漢、建威大將軍耿弇、建義大將軍朱祐、執金吾賈復、偏將軍馮異、強弩將軍陳俊、左曹王常、騎都尉臧宮等從擊破五校於羛陽，降其眾五萬人。會陝賊蘇況攻破弘農，生獲郡守。丹時病，帝以其舊將，欲令強起領郡事，乃夜召入，謂曰：「賊迫近京師，但得將軍威重，臥以鎮之足矣。」丹不敢辭，乃力疾拜命，將營到郡，十餘日薨。 |
| | In the second year of the Jianwu era, Dan was enfeoffed as Hou of Linyang. The emperor said to Dan: "Now the former kingdoms in Guandong, although they may consist of several counties, are no more than a 10,000-household fief like Linyang." "The saying goes: 'If wealth and honor do not return to one's hometown, it is like wearing embroidered clothes at night.' Therefore, I have enfeoffed you here." Dan kowtowed in gratitude. In autumn, Dan joined Wu Han, General of the Army of Valor (Jianwei Dajiangjun) Geng Yan, General of the Righteous Army Jianyi Dajiangjun Zhu You, Commander-in-Chief Jia Fu, General of the Left Wing Feng Yi, Crossbow General Chen Jun, Zuo Cao Wang Chang, and Qi Douchi Zang Gong in defeating the Five Schools rebels at Xiyang, inducing the surrender of 50,000 of their troops. At that time, bandits in Shan, Su Kuang, attacked and captured Hongnong commandery, capturing its governor alive. Dan was then ill, and the emperor, considering him an experienced general, wanted to have him take up the command of the commandery despite his illness. The emperor summoned him in at night and said: "The rebels are approaching the capital; merely having a general like you with such prestige lying in bed can be enough to stabilize the situation." Dan did not dare refuse and thus accepted the appointment despite his illness. He led his troops to the commandery, but died after 十多 days.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子尚嗣，徙封余吾侯。尚卒，子苞嗣。苞卒，子臨嗣，無子，國絕。永初七年，鄧太后紹封苞弟遽為監亭侯。 |
| | His son Shang succeeded him and was later transferred to be enfeoffed as Hu of Yuwu. After Shang died, his son Bao succeeded him. After Bao's death, his son Lin succeeded him; however, since Lin had no sons, the fief was extinguished. In the seventh year of the Yongchu era, Empress Dowanger Deng restored the enfeoffments by bestowing Jv, brother of Bao, as Marquis Jian Ting.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
王梁字君嚴，漁陽安陽人也。為郡吏，太守彭寵以梁守狐奴令，與蓋延、吳漢俱將兵南及世祖於廣阿，拜偏將軍。既拔邯鄲，賜爵關內侯。從平河北，拜野王令，與河內太守寇恂南拒洛陽，北守天井關，朱鮪等不敢出兵，世祖以為梁功。及即位，議選大司空，而赤伏符曰「王梁主衛作玄武」，帝以野王衛之所徙，玄武水神之名，司空水土之官也，於是擢拜梁為大司空，封武強侯。 |
| | Wang Liang, courtesy name Junyan, was a native of Anyang, Youyang. He served as a local official, and the commandery governor Peng Chong appointed Liang to serve as magisterial officer of Hunu. Along with Gai Yan and Wu Han, he led troops southward and joined Emperor Shizu at Guang'a; he was then conferred the title General of the Left Wing. After capturing Handan, he was granted the rank of Guannei Hou (Marquis within the Passes). Accompanying the pacification of Hebei, he was appointed as magisterial officer (ling) of Yewang. Along with the commandery governor of Hedong, Kou Xun, he resisted Luoyang to the south and guarded Tianjing Pass to the north; Zhu Yi and others dared not send out troops, and Emperor Shizu credited this success to Liang's efforts. After ascending the throne, the emperor deliberated on selecting a Grand Minister of Works (Da Sikong). A red prophecy stated: "Wang Liang will be in charge of guarding as Xuanwu." The emperor noted that Yewang was where the Wei River had been diverted and that Xuanwu was the name of a water deity. Since the Grand Minister of Works oversaw water and earth, he thus promoted Wang Liang to Grand Minister of Works and enfeoffed him as Hou of Wuqiang.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
建武二年，與大司馬吳漢等俱擊檀鄉，有詔軍事一屬大司馬，而梁輒發野王兵，帝以其不奉詔敕，令止在所縣，而梁復以便宜進軍。帝以梁前後違命，大怒，遣尚書宗廣持節軍中斬梁。廣不忍，乃檻車送京師。既至，赦之。月餘，以為中郎將，行執金吾事。北守箕關，擊赤眉別校，降之。三年春，轉擊五校，追至信都、趙國，破之，悉平諸屯聚。冬，遣使者持節拜梁前將軍。四年春，擊肥城、文陽，拔之。進與驃騎大將軍杜茂擊佼彊、蘇茂於楚、沛閒，拔大梁、齧桑，而捕虜將軍馬武、偏將軍王霸亦分道並進，歲餘悉平之。五年，從救桃城，破龐萌等，梁戰尤力，拜山陽太守，鎮撫新附，將兵如故。 |
| | In the second year of Jian Wu, he joined Grand Marshal Wu Han and others in attacking Tanxiang. An imperial decree stipulated that all military matters were to be under the authority of the Grand Marshal; however, Liang 擅自 mobilized troops from Yewang without authorization. The emperor reprimanded him for not following orders and ordered him to remain in his assigned county, but Liang again advanced with his forces on his own initiative. The emperor was greatly angered by Liang's repeated disobedience to orders and dispatched the Minister of Rites Zong Guang with a token of authority to execute Liang in the army. Zong Guang, however, could not bear to do it, and instead sent Liang back to the capital in a cage-like carriage. After arriving at court, he was pardoned. More than a month later, he was appointed as Zhonglang Jiang and placed in charge of the duties of Commander-in-Chief (Zhi Jinwu). He guarded Ji Guan to the north, attacked a detachment of Chimei rebels, and induced their surrender. In spring of the third year, he shifted to attack the Five Schools rebels, pursuing them as far as Xindu and Zhao Guo, defeating them and completely pacifying all their encampments. In winter, envoys with a token of imperial authority were sent to confer Liang the title of Qian Jiangjun (General of the Vanguard). In spring of the fourth year, he attacked Feicheng and Wenyang, capturing both. He advanced with the General of the Household Cavalry Du Mao to attack Jiao Qiang and Su Mao between Chu and Pei, capturing Daliang and Niesang. Meanwhile, the General for Capturing Rebels Ma Wu and the General of the Left Wing Wang Ba also advanced along separate routes; after more than a year, they completely pacified the region. In the fifth year, he joined the relief of Taosheng and defeated Pang Meng et al. Liang fought especially bravely; he was appointed as governor of Shanyang to pacify newly subjugated areas while continuing to command troops as before.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
數月徵入，代歐陽歙為河南尹。梁穿渠引穀水注洛陽城下，東寫鞏川，及渠成而水不流。七年，有司劾奏之，梁慚懼，上書乞骸骨。乃下詔曰：「梁前將兵征伐，眾人稱賢，故擢典京師。建議開渠，為人興利，旅力既愆，迄無成功，百姓怨讟，談者讙譁。雖蒙寬宥，猶執謙退，『君子成人之美』，其以梁為濟南太守。」十三年，增邑，定封封阜成侯。十四年，卒官。 |
| | After several months, he was recalled and replaced Ouyang Xi as the governor of Henan Yin. Liang excavated a canal to divert Gu Shui and direct it under Luoyang city, intending to discharge the water eastward into Gong Chuan. However, when the canal was completed, the water did not flow as planned. In the seventh year, officials impeached him for this failure; Liang felt ashamed and fearful, and submitted a memorial requesting to retire on grounds of old age. The emperor then issued an edict stating: "Liang previously led troops in campaigns and was praised by many as a virtuous man, so he was promoted to oversee the capital." "He proposed excavating a canal for the benefit of the people, but his efforts proved inadequate and ultimately unsuccessful. The populace resented this, and critics loudly criticized him." "Although he was forgiven, he still insisted on humility and withdrawal. 'A gentleman completes the good deeds of others'—therefore, appoint Liang as governor of Jinan." In the thirteenth year (of Jianwu era), his fief was increased; it was finally enfeoffing him as Hou of Fengfucheng. In the fourteenth year, he died in office.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子禹嗣。禹卒，子堅石嗣。堅石追坐父禹及弟平與楚王英謀反，棄市，國除。 |
| | His son Yu succeeded him. After Yu's death, his son Jianshi succeeded him. Jianshi was implicated and punished for the conspiracy of his father Yu and his brother Ping with Prince Chu Ying, and was executed in public; the fief was abolished.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
杜茂字諸公，南陽冠軍人也。初歸光武於河北，為中堅將軍，常從征伐。世祖即位，拜大將軍，封樂鄉侯。北擊五校於真定，進降廣平。建武二年，更封苦陘侯。與中郎將王梁擊五校賊於魏郡、清河、東郡，悉平諸營保，降其持節大將三十餘人，三郡清靜，道路流通。明年，遣使持節拜茂為驃騎大將軍，擊沛郡，拔芒。時西防復反，迎佼彊。五年春，茂率捕虜將軍馬武進攻西防，數月拔之，彊奔董憲。 |
| | Du Mao, courtesy name Zhugong, was a native of Guanjun, Nanyang. Initially, he submitted to Guangwu in Hebei and served as Zhujian Jiangjun (Central Vanguard General), often accompanying him on military campaigns. After Emperor Shizu ascended the imperial throne, he was conferred the title of Dajiangjun (Great General) and enfeoffed as Hou Lexiang. He marched north to attack Wuxiao at Zhenping, and subsequently advanced to pacify Guangping. In the second year of Jianwu era, he was re-enfeoffed as Hou Kuxing. With Zhonglangjiang Wang Liang, he attacked the Wuxiao rebels in Wei Jun, Qinghe, and Dongjun. He completely pacified all the camps and strongholds, causing more than thirty of their high-ranking generals holding imperial commissions to surrender; the three commanderies became peaceful and orderly, with roads open for traffic. The following year, an envoy was sent bearing a commission to confer on Mao the title of Piaoqi Dajiangjun (General-in-Chief of the Coursing Horse), and he attacked Pei Jun, capturing Mang. At that time, the western defenses rebelled again, welcoming Jiao Qiang. In spring of the fifth year, Mao led Bulu Jiangjun Ma Wu to attack Xifang; after several months they captured it, and Qiang fled to Dong Xian.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
東方既平，七年，詔茂引兵北屯田晉陽、廣武，以備胡寇。九年，與鴈門太守郭涼擊盧芳將尹由於繁畤，芳將賈覽率胡騎萬餘救之，茂戰，軍敗，引入樓煩城。時盧芳據高柳，與匈奴連兵，數寇邊民，帝患之。十二年，遣謁者段忠將眾郡弛刑配茂，鎮守北邊，因發邊卒築亭候，修烽火，又發委輸金帛繒絮供給軍士，并賜邊民，冠蓋相望。茂亦建屯田，驢車轉運。先是，鴈門人賈丹、霍匡、解勝等為尹由所略，由以為將帥，與共守平城。丹等聞芳敗，遂共殺由詣郭涼；涼上狀，皆封為列侯，詔送委輸金帛賜茂、涼軍吏及平城降民。自是盧芳城邑稍稍來降，涼誅其豪右郇氏之屬，鎮撫羸弱，旬月閒鴈門且平，芳遂亡入匈奴。帝擢涼子為中郎，宿衛左右。 |
| | After the eastern region was pacified, in the seventh year, an imperial edict ordered Mao to lead his troops northward for garrison farming at Jinyang and Guangwu, to guard against Hu raiders. In the ninth year, he joined Yanmen Taishou Guo Liang to attack Lu Fang's general Yin Yu at Fanshi. Lu Fang's general Jia Lan led more than ten thousand Hu cavalry to come to his rescue. Mao engaged in battle but suffered a defeat and retreated into Loufan Cheng (Loufan City). At that time, Lu Fang occupied Gaoliu and allied with the Xiongnu forces, frequently raiding border civilians; this troubled the emperor. In the twelfth year, Yeshi Duan Zhong was dispatched to lead convicts from various commanderies assigned to Mao for guarding the northern frontier. Consequently, border troops were mobilized to build beacon towers and repair signal fires; additionally, funds, silk, cloth, and cotton 絮 were allocated to supply the soldiers, while also being distributed to the border civilians, with officials and envoys traveling back and forth in a continuous stream. Mao also established garrison farming operations and used donkey carts for transportation. Previously, Yanmen natives Jia Dan, Huo Kuang, Xie Sheng and others had been captured by Yin Yu; Yu appointed them as generals and commanders to jointly defend Pingcheng. When Dan et al heard of Fang's defeat, they jointly killed Yu and surrendered to Guo Liang; Guo Liang submitted a report, and all of them were enfeoffed as Liehou (Marquises). An imperial edict ordered the allocation of funds and silk to bestow upon Mao's and Guo Liang's military officers and the surrendered civilians from Pingcheng. From then on, the cities and towns of Lu Fang gradually surrendered. Guo Liang executed prominent local elites such as the Xun clan, pacified the weak and vulnerable, and within a few weeks Yanmen was nearly pacified; thus, Fang fled into the Xiongnu. The emperor promoted Guo Liang's son to Zhonglang (Attendant Officer) and stationed him as a guard at his side.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
涼字公文，右北平人也。身長八尺，氣力壯猛，雖武將，然通經書，多智略，尤曉邊事，有名北方。初，幽州牧朱浮辟為兵曹掾，擊彭寵有功，封廣武侯。 |
| | Guo Liang, courtesy name Gongwen, was a native of Youbeiping. He stood eight chi tall and possessed great strength and ferocity. Although a military general, he was well-versed in Confucian classics, wise and strategic, especially knowledgeable about frontier affairs, and had a reputation in the north. Initially, You Zhou Zhu Fu appointed him as Bingcao Yuan (military affairs clerk), and for his achievements in attacking Peng Chong, he was enfeoffed as Guangwu Hou.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
十三年，增茂邑，更封脩侯。十五年，坐斷兵馬稟縑，使軍吏殺人，免官，削戶邑，定封參蘧鄉侯。十九年，卒。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, his fief of Mao was increased and he was re-enfeoffed with a new title: Xiu Hou. In the fifteenth year, he was punished for misappropriating military rations and silk, causing his subordinates to commit murder. He was dismissed from office, stripped of his fief and its population, and finally enfeoffed as Hou of Canqu Xiang. In the nineteenth year, he died.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子元嗣，永平十四年，坐與東平王等謀反，減死一等，國除。永初七年，鄧太后紹封茂孫奉為安樂亭侯。 |
| | His son Yuan succeeded him; in the fourteenth year of Yongping era, for conspiring with Prince Dongping and others to rebel, he received a reduced sentence by one degree from death penalty, and his fief was abolished. In the seventh year of Yongchu era, Empress Dowager Deng re-enfeoffed Mao's grandson Feng as Hou of Anle Ting.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
馬成字君遷，南陽棘陽人也。少為縣吏。世祖徇潁川，以成為安集掾，調守郟令。及世祖討河北，成即棄官步負，追及於滿陽，以成為期門，從征伐。世祖即位，再遷護軍都尉。 |
| | Ma Cheng, courtesy name Junqian, was a native of Jiyang, Nanyang. He began his career as a county official at an early age. When Emperor Shizu campaigned in Yingchuan, he appointed Ma Cheng as Anji Yuan (Officer for Pacification and Collection) and later transferred him to serve as the magistracy of Jia. When Emperor Shizu launched a campaign in Hebei, Cheng immediately abandoned his post and walked to catch up with him at Manyang. He was appointed as Qimen (Imperial Attendant) and followed the emperor on military expeditions. After Emperor Shizu ascended to the throne, Ma Cheng was promoted twice to Hujun Duyi (Commander of the Guard Troops).
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
建武四年，拜揚武將軍，督誅虜將軍劉隆、振威將軍宋登、射聲校尉王賞，發會稽、丹陽、九江、六安四郡兵擊李憲，時帝幸壽春，設壇場，祖禮遣之。進圍憲於舒，令諸軍各深溝高壘。憲數挑戰，成堅壁不出，守之歲餘，至六年春，城中食盡，乃攻之，遂屠舒，斬李憲，追擊其黨與，盡平江淮地。 |
| | In the fourth year of Jianwu, he was appointed Yangwu Jiangjun (General of Martial Valor) and placed in command over Zhu Lu Jiangjun Liu Long, Zhenwei Jiangjun Song Deng, and She Sheng Jiao Wei Wang Shang. He mobilized troops from four commanderies—Huiji, Danyang, Jiuhu, and Liuan—to attack Li Xian. At that time, the emperor visited Shouchun, set up an altar, performed a farewell ceremony, and personally sent him off. He advanced to besiege Xian at Shu, ordering all the armies to dig deep trenches and build high fortifications. Xian repeatedly challenged for battle, but Cheng remained within his fortified walls and did not emerge. He held the position for more than a year; by spring of the sixth year, when food in the city ran out, he launched an attack, captured Shu, slaughtered its defenders, beheaded Li Xian, pursued and defeated his followers, and completely pacified the Jianghuai region.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
七年夏，封平舒侯。八年，從征破隗囂，以成為天水太守，將軍如故。冬，徵還京師。九年，代來歙守中郎將，率武威將軍劉尚等破河池，遂平武都。明年，大司空李通罷，以成行大司空事，居府如真，數月復拜揚武將軍。 |
| | In summer of the seventh year, he was enfeoffed Hou Pingshu. In the eighth year, he followed the emperor in a campaign and defeated Wei Qiao; Ma Cheng was appointed Taishou of Tianshui while retaining his title as general. In winter, he was recalled to the capital. In the ninth year, Ma Cheng succeeded Lai Xi as Zhonglangjiang (Attendant General), and led Wuwei Jiangjun Liu Shang et al. to defeat Hechi, thus pacifying Wudu. The following year, after the Da Sikong Li Tong was dismissed, Ma Cheng assumed his duties as acting Da Sikong and resided in the office as if he were the actual holder. After several months, he was again appointed Yangwu Jiangjun.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
十四年，屯常山、中山以備北邊，并領建義大將軍朱祐營。又代驃騎大將軍杜茂繕治障塞，自西河至渭橋，河上至安邑，太原至井陘，中山至鄴，皆築保壁，起烽燧，十里一候。在事五六年，帝以成勤勞，徵還京師。邊人多上書求請者，復遣成還屯。及南單于保塞，北方無事，拜為中山太守，上將軍印綬，領屯兵如故。二十四年，南擊武谿蠻賊，無功，上太守印綬。 |
| | In the fourteenth year, Ma Cheng stationed troops in Changshan and Zhongshan to guard against northern frontiers, while also commanding the forces of Jianyi Dajiangjun Zhu You. He also succeeded Piaoqi Dajiangjun Du Mao in repairing and constructing frontier defenses, from Xhe to Weiqiao, along the Yellow River up to Anyi, Taiyuan to Jingxing, Zhongshan to Ye—fortified strongholds were built everywhere, beacon towers erected, with a watch post every ten li. After serving for five or six years, the emperor, moved by Cheng's diligence and toil, recalled him back to the capital. Many frontier residents petitioned the court requesting his return; thus, he was sent back to resume garrison duty. When the Southern Chanyu guaranteed frontier peace, and there were no further troubles in the north, Ma Cheng was appointed as Taishou of Zhongshan. He surrendered his general's seal and sash but continued to command garrison troops as before. In the twenty-fourth year, he marched south to attack the Wuxi Miao rebels but achieved no success and resigned his Taishou seal and sash.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
二十七年，定封全椒侯，就國。三十二年卒。 |
| | In the twenty-seventh year, he was finally enfeoffed as Quanjiao Hou and went to reside in his fief. He died in the thirty-second year.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子衛嗣。衛卒，子香嗣，徙封棘陵侯。香卒，子豐嗣。豐卒，子玄嗣。玄卒，子邑嗣。邑卒，子醜嗣，桓帝時以罪失國。延熹二年，帝復封成玄孫昌為益陽亭侯。 |
| | His son Wei succeeded him. After Wei's death, his son Xiang succeeded him and was transferred to be enfeoffed as Jilei Hou. After Xiang's death, his son Feng succeeded him. After Feng's death, his son Yuan succeeded him. After Yuan's death, his son Yi succeeded him. After Yi's death, his son Chou succeeded him; during the reign of Emperor Huan, he lost his fief due to crimes. In the second year of Yuanxi era, the emperor re-enfeoffed Ma Cheng's great-grandson Chang as Hou of Yiyang Ting.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
劉隆字元伯，南陽安眾侯宗室也。王莽居攝中，隆父禮與安眾侯崇起兵誅莽，事泄，隆以年未七歲，故得免。及壯，學於長安，更始拜為騎都尉。謁歸，迎妻子置洛陽。聞世祖在河內，即追及於射犬，以為騎都尉，與馮異共拒朱鮪、李軼等，軼遂殺隆妻子。建武二年，封亢父侯。四年，拜誅虜將軍，討李憲。憲平，遣隆屯田武當。 |
| | Liu Long, courtesy name Yuanbo, was a member of the imperial clan from Anzhong Hou, Nanyang. During the reign of Wang Mang as Regent, Long's father Li joined with Hou Anzhong Chong in raising an army to kill Wang Mang. When their plot was exposed, Long was spared because he was not yet seven years old. When he grew up, he studied in Chang'an and was appointed Qiduyi (Commander of Cavalry) by Gengshi. After paying his respects and returning home, he brought his wife and children to Luoyang. When he heard that Emperor Shizu was in Hedong, he hurried to catch up with him at Shequan and was appointed Qiduyi. He joined Feng Yi in resisting Zhu Liang and Li Yi et al., who then killed Long's wife and children. In the second year of Jianwu, he was enfeoffed Kengfu Hou. In the fourth year, he was appointed Zhu Lu Jiangjun and ordered to campaign against Li Xian. After Li Xian's defeat, Long was sent to conduct garrison farming in Wudang.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
十一年，守南郡太守，歲餘，上將軍印綬。十三年，增邑，更封竟陵侯。是時，天下墾田多不以實，又戶口年紀互有增減。十五年，詔下州郡檢覈其事，而刺史太守多不平均，或優饒豪右，侵刻羸弱，百姓嗟怨，遮道號呼。時諸郡各遣使奏事，帝見陳留吏牘上有書，視之，云「潁川、弘農可問，河南、南陽不可問」。帝詰吏由趣，吏不肯服，抵言於長壽街上得之。帝怒。時顯宗為東海公，年十二，在幄後言曰：「吏受郡敕，當欲以墾田相方耳。」帝曰：「即如此，何故言河南、南陽不可問？」對曰：「河南帝城，多近臣，南陽帝鄉，多近親，田宅踰制，不可為準。」帝令虎賁將詰問吏，吏乃實首服，如顯宗對。於是遣謁者考實，具知姦狀。明年，隆坐徵下獄，其疇輩十餘人皆死。帝以隆功臣，特免為庶人。 |
| | In the eleventh year, he served as Taishou of Nanjun; after more than a year, he resigned his general's seal and sash. In the thirteenth year of Jianwu era (28 AD), his fief was expanded, and he was re-enfeoffeed as Hou Jinglei. At that time, many cultivated fields across the empire were not reported accurately, and household registrations with birth years often contained inconsistencies. In the fifteenth year of Jianwu, an imperial edict was issued to all commanderies and districts to investigate and verify these matters. However, many cishi (provincial inspectors) and taishou (commandery magistrates) failed to conduct fair assessments; some favored wealthy elites while oppressing the poor and weak, causing widespread public resentment and complaints as people gathered along roads to weep and cry out in protest. At that time, envoys from various commanderies were sent to report affairs at court. The emperor saw a note on the official document of a clerk from Chenliu and read it; it said, "Yingchuan and Hongnong can be investigated, but Henan and Nanyang cannot." The emperor questioned the clerk about its origin. The clerk refused to admit guilt and claimed he had found it on the street in Changshou. The emperor became angry. At that time, Emperor Xianzong was the Prince of Donghai, twelve years old; he spoke from behind the tent and said, "The clerk received instructions from the commandery and intended to compare cultivated land figures." The emperor asked, "If that is so, then why does it say 'Henan and Nanyang should not be investigated'?" The reply was, "Henan is the imperial capital and has many close ministers; Nanyang is the emperor's hometown and has many relatives. Their landholdings exceed regulations and cannot be used as a standard." The emperor ordered the Hu Ben guards to interrogate the clerk, who then confessed under pressure and admitted exactly as Emperor Xianzong had stated. As a result, Yeshi envoys were dispatched to investigate the matter thoroughly, and they uncovered all the fraudulent activities. The following year, Long was summoned for investigation and imprisoned; more than ten of his associates were executed. The emperor, considering Long a meritorious subject, specially spared him from execution and demoted him to the status of a commoner.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
明年，復封為扶樂鄉侯，以中郎將副伏波將軍馬援擊交阯蠻夷徵側等，隆別於禁谿口破之，獲其帥徵貳，斬首千餘級，降者二萬餘人。還，更封大國，為長平侯。及大司馬吳漢薨，隆為驃騎將軍，行大司馬事。 |
| | The following year, he was re-enfeoffied as Hou Fule Xiang and appointed as Zhonglangjiang to serve under Fu Bo Jiangjun Ma Yuan in a campaign against the southern tribes of Jiaozhi, including Zhengce. Long separately defeated them at Jinxi Kou, captured their leader Zheng Er, beheaded more than one thousand enemy soldiers, and caused over twenty thousand others to surrender. Upon his return, he was re-enfeoffled with a larger fief as Hou Changping. When the Da Sima Wu Han died, Long was appointed Piaoqi Jiangjun and assumed the duties of Da Sima.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
隆奉法自守，視事八歲，上將軍印綬，罷，賜養牛，上樽酒十斛，以列侯奉朝請。三十年，定封慎侯。中元二年，卒，謚曰靖侯。子安嗣。 |
| | Liu Long adhered strictly to the law and maintained self-discipline. After serving for eight years, he resigned his general seal and sash, was dismissed from office, and received a grant of cattle for support, ten hu of wine in official vessels, and continued to hold the title of Liehou with the privilege of attending court audiences. In the thirtieth year, he was finally enfeofed as Hou Shen. In the second year of Zhongyuan era, he died and posthumously received the title Jinghou (Marquis Jing). His son An succeeded him.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
傅俊字子衛，潁川襄城人也。世祖徇襄城，俊以縣亭長迎軍，拜為校尉，襄城收其母弟宗族，皆滅之。從破王尋等，以為偏將軍。別擊京、密，破之，遣歸潁川，收葬家屬。 |
| | Fu Jun, courtesy name Ziwei, was a native of Xiangcheng, Yingchuan. When Emperor Shizu marched through Xiangcheng, Jun, as the county's Tingzhang (a local official), welcomed his army and was appointed Jiao Wei. The forces of Xiangcheng captured his mother, younger brother, and relatives, who were all executed. He followed the emperor to defeat Wang Xun et al., and was appointed Bianjiangjun (Deputy General). Separately, he attacked Jing and Mi, defeating them. He was then sent back to Yingchuan to recover and bury his family members.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
及世祖討河北，俊與賓客十餘人北追，及於邯鄲，上謁，世祖使將潁川兵，常從征伐。世祖即位，以俊為侍中。建武二年，封昆陽侯。三年，拜俊積弩將軍，與征南大將軍岑彭擊破秦豐，因將兵徇江東，揚州悉定。七年，卒，謚曰威侯。 |
| | When Emperor Shizu launched his campaign in Hebei, Jun and more than ten of his guests hurried north to catch up with the emperor at Handan. After paying respects, he was ordered by the emperor to command Yingchuan troops and followed on military expeditions regularly. After Emperor Shizu ascended throne, Fu Jun was appointed as Shizhong (Attendant-in-Ordinary). In the second year of Jian Wu era, he was enfeoffied as Hou Kunyang. In the third year, Jun was appointed Jianu Jiangjun (Crossbow General) and joined Zhengnan Dajiangjun Cen Peng in defeating Qin Feng. He then led troops to campaign through Jiangdong, pacifying all of Yangzhou. In the seventh year, he died and was posthumously honored with the title Weihou (Marquis Wei).
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子昌嗣，徙封蕪湖侯。建初中，遭母憂，因上書，以國貧不願之封，乞錢五十萬，為關內侯。肅宗怒，貶為關內侯，竟不賜錢。永初七年，鄧太后復封昌子鐵為高置亭侯。 |
| | His son Chang succeeded him and was later transferred to be enfeoffed as Hou Wuhu. During the Jianchu era, upon encountering his mother's death (a period of mourning), he submitted a memorial to the throne, stating that his fief was poor and expressing no desire for it. He requested 500,000 coins instead, seeking the title of Guannei Hou (Marquis within the Pass). Emperor Suzong was angry and demoted him to be a Guannei Hou, yet ultimately did not grant him any money. In the seventh year of Yongchu era, Empress Dowager Deng restored the title and enfeoffed Chang's son Tie as Gaoshi Tinghou.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
堅鐔字子伋，潁川襄城人也。為郡縣吏。世祖討河北，或薦鐔者，因得召見。以其吏能，署主簿。又拜偏將軍，從平河北，別擊破大槍於盧奴。世祖即位，拜鐔揚化將軍，封濦強侯。 |
| | Jian Dan, courtesy name Ziji, was a native of Xiang Cheng, Yingchuan. He served as an official in the prefecture and county administrations. When Emperor Shizu campaigned in Hebei, someone recommended Dan, who was thus summoned for an audience. Because of his administrative ability, he was appointed Zhubu (clerk). He was later appointed Bianjiangjun and followed the emperor in pacifying Hebei. Separately, he defeated a large enemy force at Lunu. After Emperor Shizu ascended the throne, Dan was appointed Yanghua Jiangjun and enfeoffed as Hou Jinqiang.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
與諸將攻洛陽，而朱鮪別將守東城者為反閒，私約鐔晨開上東門。鐔與建義大將軍朱祐乘朝而入，與鮪大戰武庫下，殺傷甚眾，至旦食乃罷，朱鮪由是遂降。又別擊內黃，平之。建武二年，與右將軍萬脩徇南陽諸縣，而堵鄉人董訢反宛城，獲南陽太守劉驎。鐔乃引軍赴宛，選敢死士夜自登城，斬關而入，訢遂棄城走還堵鄉。鄧奉復反新野，攻破吳漢。時萬脩病卒，鐔獨孤絕，南拒鄧奉，北當董訢，一年閒道路隔塞，糧饋不至，鐔食蔬菜，與士卒共勞苦。每急，輒先當矢石，身被三創，以此能全其眾。及帝征南陽，擊破訢、奉，以鐔為左曹，常從征伐。六年，定封合肥侯。二十六年，卒。 |
| | While attacking Luoyang with other generals, Zhu Li, a separate commander defending the eastern city, was involved in treachery and secretly made an agreement with Dan to open the Shangdong Gate at dawn. Dan and Jianyi Dajiangjun Zhu You entered the city at dawn, engaging in a fierce battle with Zhu Li beneath the Wu Ku (military storehouse), killing or wounding many. The fighting continued until midday before ceasing; from this point on, Zhu Li surrendered. He also separately attacked Neihuang and pacified it. In the second year of Jianwu era, Dan and You Jiangjun Wan Xiu campaigned through various counties in Nanyang. At this time, Dong Xin from Duliang rebelled at Wancheng, capturing the governor of Nanyang, Liu Lin. Dan immediately led his troops to Wan and selected a group of fearless soldiers who scaled the city walls at night, cut through the gates, and entered. Xin then abandoned the city and fled back to Duliang. Deng Feng rebelled again in Xinye and attacked Wu Han's forces, breaking through them. At that time, Wan Xiu had died of illness, and Dan was left alone in a desperate situation. He resisted Deng Feng to the south and confronted Dong Xin to the north. For over a year, roads were blocked and supplies did not arrive; Dan subsisted on vegetables, sharing hardships with his soldiers. Whenever the situation was critical, he always took the lead in facing arrows and stones, sustaining three wounds on his body; because of this, he managed to preserve his troops. When the emperor launched a campaign in Nanyang and defeated Xin and Feng, he appointed Dan as Zuocao (Left Censor) and had him accompany him on military expeditions. In the sixth year, his fief was finally established as Hou Hefei. In the twenty-sixth year, he died.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子鴻嗣。鴻卒，子浮嗣。浮卒，子雅嗣。 |
| | His son Hong succeeded him. Hong died and his son Fu succeeded him. Fu died, and his son Ya succeeded him.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
馬武字子張，南陽湖陽人也。少時避讎，客居江夏。王莽末，竟陵、西陽三老起兵於郡界，武往從之，後入綠林中，遂與漢軍合。更始立，以武為侍郎，與世祖破王尋等，拜為振威將軍，與尚書令謝躬共攻王郎。 |
| | Ma Wu, courtesy name Zizhang, was a native of Huyang, Nanyang. As a young man, he fled from enemies and took refuge as a guest in Jiangxia. At the end of Wang Mang's reign, Sanlao from Jingling and Xiyang raised an army in their prefecture. Wu joined them, later entering the Lu Lin forces, where he eventually united with the Han troops. When Gengshi was established, Wu was appointed Shilang (Attendant) and joined Emperor Shizu in defeating Wang Xun et al. He was then enfeoffed as Zhenwei Jiangjun (General of Venerable Might), and together with Shangshu Ling Xie Gong, he attacked Wang Lang.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
及世祖拔邯鄲，請躬及武等置酒高會，因欲以圖躬，不剋。既罷，獨與武登叢臺，從容謂武曰：「吾得漁陽、上谷突騎，欲令將軍將之，何如？」武曰：「駑怯無方略。」世祖曰：「將軍久將，習兵，豈與我掾史同哉！」武由是歸心。 |
| | When Emperor Shizu captured Handan, he invited Gong and Wu et al. to a grand banquet with wine. He then attempted to eliminate Gong but failed. After the banquet, he went alone with Wu to Congtai and casually said to Wu: "I have obtained the cavalry from Yuyang and Shanggu. I want you to command them. What do you think?" Wu replied, "I am dull and timid with no strategy." Emperor Shizu said: "You have been a general for a long time, experienced in military affairs. How could you be the same as my clerks and officials!" From then on, Wu pledged his loyalty to him.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
及謝躬誅死，武馳至射犬降，世祖見之甚悅，引置左右，每勞饗諸將，武輒起斟酌於前，世祖以為歡。復使將其部曲至鄴，武叩頭辭以不願，世祖愈美其意，因從擊群賊。世祖擊尤來、五幡等，敗於慎水，武獨殿，還陷陣，故賊不得迫及。進至安定次、小廣陽，武常為軍鋒，力戰無前，諸將皆引而隨之，故遂破賊，窮追至平谷、浚靡而還。 |
| | After Xie Gong was killed, Wu hurried to Shequan and surrendered. The emperor received him with great joy, placing him at his side. At every banquet for the generals, Wu would always rise to pour wine in front of them, which brought pleasure to Emperor Shizu. The emperor then ordered him again to lead his troops to Ye, but Wu knelt and declined, stating he did not wish to go. The emperor admired this even more and thus had him accompany the campaign against various rebels. When Emperor Shizu attacked Youlai, Wufan et al., he was defeated at Shen Shui. Wu alone held the rear, returning to charge into the enemy formation, thus preventing the rebels from catching up. Advancing to Dingshenci and Xiaoguangyang, Wu often led the vanguard, fighting fiercely without equal. All other generals followed him closely, so they eventually defeated the rebels, pursuing them all the way to Pinggu and Junmi before returning.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
世祖即位，以武為侍中、騎都尉，封山都侯。建武四年，與虎牙將軍蓋延等討劉永，武別擊濟陰，下成武、楚丘，拜捕虜將軍。明年，龐萌反，攻桃城，武先與戰，破之；會車駕至，萌遂敗走。六年夏，與建威大將軍耿弇西擊隗囂，漢軍不利，引下隴。囂追急，武選精騎還為後拒，身被甲持戟奔擊，殺數千人，囂兵乃退，諸軍得還長安。 |
| | After Emperor Shizu ascended to the throne, he appointed Wu as Shizhong, Qidouwei (Commander of Cavalry), and enfeoffed him as Hou Shandu. In the fourth year of Jianwu era, Wu joined Huya Jiangjun Gai Yan et al. in suppressing Liu Yong. Separately, Wu attacked Ji Yin, capturing Chengwu and Chuqiu, and was appointed Bulu Jiangjun (General for Capturing Fugitives). The following year, Pang Meng rebelled and attacked Taosheng. Wu first engaged in battle against him and defeated the rebels; Just then, the emperor's imperial procession arrived, and Meng was thus defeated and fled. In summer of the sixth year, Wu joined Jianwei Dajiangjun Geng Yan in attacking Wei Xiao to the west. The Han forces suffered a setback and withdrew from Long Mountain. Wei Xiao pursued urgently, and Wu selected elite cavalry to return as the rear guard. Clad in armor and wielding a halberd, he rushed into battle, killing thousands of enemy soldiers. Wei Xiao's forces then retreated, allowing all the Han troops to return to Chang'an.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
十三年，增邑，更封鄃侯。將兵北屯下曲陽，備匈奴。坐殺軍吏，受詔將妻子就國。武徑詣洛陽，上將軍印綬，削戶五百，定封為楊虛侯，因留奉朝請。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, his fief was expanded and he was re-enfeoffed as Hou Shu. He led troops to garrison Xiaquyang in the north to guard against the Xiongnu. He was punished for killing a military official and received an imperial decree ordering him to return with his wife and children to his fief. Wu directly went to Luoyang, surrendered the seals and insignia of a general, had 500 households deducted from his fief, was finally enfeoffed as Yangxu Hou (Marquis of Yangxu), and thus remained in residence to attend court audiences.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
帝後與功臣諸侯讌語，從容言曰：「諸卿不遭際會，自度爵祿何所至乎？」高密侯鄧禹先對曰：「臣少嘗學問，可郡文學博士。」帝曰：「何言之謙乎？卿鄧氏子，志行脩整，何為不掾功曹？」餘各以次對，至武，曰：「臣以武勇，可守尉督盜賊。」帝笑曰：「且勿為盜賊，自致亭長，斯可矣。」武為人嗜酒，闊達敢言，時醉在御前面折同列，言其短長，無所避忌。帝故縱之，以為笑樂。帝雖制御功臣，而每能回容，宥其小失。遠方貢珍甘，必先遍賜列侯，而太官無餘。有功，輒增邑賞，不任以吏職，故皆保其福祿，終無誅譴者。 |
| | Later, when the emperor conversed with his meritorious ministers and marquises at a banquet, he casually remarked: "If you had not encountered this opportunity, how high do you think your ranks or emoluments would have reached?" Gao Mi Hou Deng Yu replied first: "When I was young, I once studied and could serve as a Xuewen or Boshi (a scholar-official) in a prefecture." The emperor said: "How modest of you to say that?" "You are a son of the Deng family, with noble aspirations and upright conduct. Why not at least be an official in the Office of Merit or as a Gongcao (a clerk)?" The others each answered in turn. When it came to Wu, he said: "With my martial valor, I could serve as a Shouwei (a military officer) overseeing the suppression of bandits and thieves." The emperor laughed and said: "Just don't become a bandit yourself, and you can manage to be a Tingzhang (a minor official). That would suffice." Wu was a man who loved alcohol, open-minded and bold in speech. At times when drunk, he would openly criticize his peers before the emperor, speaking of their strengths and weaknesses without any reservations or taboos. The emperor intentionally allowed this behavior, finding amusement in it. Although the emperor controlled and managed his meritorious subjects, he often showed tolerance and pardoned their minor faults. Whenever rare delicacies were offered from distant regions as tribute, the emperor would first distribute them equally among all marquises and nobles, leaving nothing for the imperial kitchen. Whenever someone had meritorious service, he would increase their fief and bestow rewards but never appoint them to official posts. Thus, all of them preserved their blessings and emoluments, with none ever being punished or censured.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
二十五，武以中郎將將兵擊武陵蠻夷，還，上印綬。顯宗初，西羌寇隴右，覆軍殺將，朝廷患之，復拜武捕虜將軍，以中郎將王豐副，與監軍使者竇固、右輔都尉陳訢，將烏桓、黎陽營、三輔募士、涼州諸郡羌胡兵及弛刑，合四萬人擊之。到金城浩亹，與羌戰，斬首六百級。又戰於洛都谷，為羌所敗，死者千餘人。羌乃率眾引出塞，武復追擊到東、西邯，大破之，斬首四千六百級，獲生口千六百人，餘皆降散。武振旅還京師，增邑七百戶，并前千八百戶。永平四年，卒。 |
| | In the twenty-fifth year, Wu, as Zhonglangjiang (a middle-ranking general), led troops to attack the Man Yi in Wuling. Upon returning, he surrendered his seals and insignia. At the beginning of Emperor Xianzong's reign, the western Qiang tribes raided Longyou, defeating Han forces and killing generals. The court was greatly concerned and reappointed Wu as Bulu Jiangjun (General to Capture Fugitives), with Zhonglangjiang Wang Feng as his deputy. He joined Jianjun Shizhe Dou Gu, Youfu Duyue Chen Xin, and led the Wuhuan, Liyang Ying (camp), recruited soldiers from Sanfu, Qiang and Hu troops from various prefectures of Liangzhou, and convicts released for military service, totaling 40,000 men to attack them. Upon arriving at Haowen, Jincheng, he engaged in battle with the Qiang and beheaded 600 of their soldiers. Another battle took place at Luodu Gou, where Wu was defeated by the Qiang, resulting in over 1,000 Han soldiers killed. The Qiang then led their forces out of the frontier, and Wu pursued them to Donghan and Xihan, where he decisively defeated them. He beheaded 4,600 enemy soldiers, captured 1,600 prisoners, and the rest surrendered or dispersed. Wu returned to the capital with his troops in triumph and was granted an additional 700 households for his fief, totaling 1,800 households. In the fourth year of Yongping era, he died.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
子檀嗣，坐兄伯濟與楚王英黨顏忠謀反，國除。永初七年，鄧太后紹封武孫震為漻亭侯。震卒，子側嗣。 |
| | His son Tan succeeded him but was implicated in a plot involving his elder brother Boji and Yan Zhong, who were part of Prince Chu Ying's faction. As a result, the fief was abolished. In the seventh year of Yongchou era, Empress Dowager Deng posthumously enfeoffed Wu's grandson Zhen as Liao Tinghou. Zhen died and his son Ce succeeded him.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
論曰：中興二十八將，前世以為上應二十八宿，未之詳也。然咸能感會風雲，奮其智勇，稱為佐命，亦各志能之士也。議者多非光武不以功臣任職，至使英姿茂績，委而勿用。然原夫深圖遠筭，固將有以焉爾。若乃王道既衰，降及霸德，猶能授受惟庸，勳賢皆序，如管、隰之迭升桓世，先、趙之同列文朝，可謂兼通矣。降自秦、漢，世資戰力，至於翼扶王運，皆武人屈起。亦有鬻繒屠狗輕猾之徒，或崇以連城之賞，或任以阿衡之地，故埶疑則隙生，力侔則亂起。蕭、樊且猶縲紲，信、越終見葅戮，不其然乎！自茲以降，迄于孝武，宰輔五世，莫非公侯。遂使縉紳道塞，賢能蔽壅，朝有世及之私，下多抱關之怨。其懷道無聞，委身草莽者，亦何可勝言。故光武鑒前事之違，存矯枉之志，雖寇、鄧之高勳，耿、賈之鴻烈，分土不過大縣數四，所加特進、朝請而已。觀其治平臨政，課職責咎，將所謂「導之以政，齊之以刑」者乎！若格之功臣，其傷已甚。何者？直繩則虧喪恩舊，橈情則違廢禁典，選德則功不必厚，舉勞則人或未賢，參任則群心難塞，並列則其敝未遠。不得不校其勝否，即以事相權。故高秩厚禮，允荅元功，峻文深憲，責成吏職。建武之世，侯者百餘，若夫數公者，則與參國議，分均休咎，其餘並優以寬科，完其封祿，莫不終以功名延慶于後。昔留侯以為高祖悉用蕭、曹故人，而郭伋亦譏南陽多顯，鄭興又戒功臣專任。夫崇恩偏授，易啟私溺之失，至公均被，必廣招賢之路，意者不其然乎！ |
| | Commentary: The twenty-eight generals of the renewed Han dynasty were regarded by previous generations as corresponding to the Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions in the heavens, but this is not well documented. Nevertheless, they all seized their opportunities amidst changing circumstances, demonstrating wisdom and valor, and were thus honored as assistants to the founding of the dynasty. They were indeed men of ambition and ability. Many critics often criticized Emperor Guangwu for not appointing his meritorious generals to official posts, leading to the neglect of their outstanding talents and achievements. However, considering his deep planning and long-term strategy, there must have been reasons for this decision. If the Way of Kings had already declined and descended to the era of hegemonic virtue, it was still possible for mediocrity to be entrusted with power while meritorious and virtuous men were properly ranked. For instance, Guan Zhong and Xi Yan alternately rose in the reigns of the Huan kings; Xian Yu and Zhao She held equal ranks during the Wen dynasty—this can truly be called a comprehensive understanding. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, generations have relied on military strength; as for those who supported the imperial fortunes, they were all warriors who rose from obscurity. There were also those who had been mere peddlers, butchers, or cunning rascals; some were elevated to receive rewards of vast fiefs, while others were entrusted with positions of great power. Thus, when suspicions arose from such disparities in status and strength became equal, chaos inevitably followed. Xiao He and Fan Kuai were still imprisoned; Han Xin and Wu Guang ultimately faced cruel execution—was this not the case indeed! From that time onward, down to Emperor Xiaowu, for five generations of prime ministers and assistants, none were without the title of marquis or duke. This led to the blockage of the path for scholars and officials, with virtuous talents being suppressed. In court there were private interests favoring hereditary privilege; below, many harbored resentment like those guarding gates in despair. As for those who upheld the Way but remained unheard of, and who surrendered themselves to obscurity—how could they be counted or spoken of in full? Therefore, Emperor Guangwu, reflecting on past mistakes, resolved to correct the imbalance. Even though high meritorious figures like Kou and Deng or the great achievements of Geng and Jia were recognized, their fiefs did not exceed several large counties at most; what they received was merely special advancement in rank and permission for court audiences. Observing how he governed during times of peace, assessed duties, and held officials accountable for their failures—was this not what is meant by "governing through administration and unifying through punishment"?! If applied to meritorious subjects, such a policy would have caused great harm. Why is that? If one strictly adheres to the rules, it would mean betraying old allies and their 恩情 (gratitude); if one bends the truth for sentiment, it violates established laws. Selecting by virtue may overlook those with great merit; selecting by service may include those lacking moral integrity. Sharing appointments causes dissatisfaction among many; equal ranks lead to future problems not far off. Therefore, one cannot help but assess their strengths and weaknesses, weighing matters accordingly. Thus, high ranks and generous honors were granted to properly reward those with the greatest contributions; strict laws and severe regulations ensured that officials fulfilled their duties. During the Jianwu era, over a hundred men were enfeoffed as marquises. As for these several generals, they participated in state deliberations and shared equally in fortune or misfortune; others were all treated with leniency, their fiefs and emoluments preserved. None failed to see their achievements and honor extend blessings to future generations. In the past, Liu Hou believed that Emperor Gaozu relied entirely on Xiao He and Cao Can's old associates; Guo Ji also criticized Nanyang for having too many prominent figures, while Zheng Xing warned against exclusive reliance on meritorious subjects. Granting excessive favor to a few easily leads to private indulgence and bias, whereas impartial distribution of honor will surely broaden the path for recruiting virtuous talent. Is this not true?!
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
永平中，顯宗追感前世功臣，乃圖畫二十八將於南宮雲臺，其外又有王常、李通、竇融、卓茂，合三十二人。故依其本弟係之篇末，以志功臣之次云爾。 |
| | In the middle of Yongping, Emperor Xianzong was moved by a sense of gratitude for the meritorious subjects of previous generations and thus had portraits of the Twenty-Eight Generals painted on the Yuntai in Nan Gong. In addition to these, there were Wang Chang, Li Tong, Dou Rong, and Zhuo Mao, making a total of thirty-two individuals. Therefore, I have arranged them according to their original order at the end of this chapter, merely to record the sequence of meritorious subjects.
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
太傅高密侯鄧禹中山太守全椒侯馬 |
| | Grand Tutor Gaomi Hou Deng Yu, Tai Shou of Zhongshan, Quanjiao Hou Ma
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
成 |
| | Cheng
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
大司馬廣平侯吳漢河南尹阜成侯王梁 |
| | Grand Marshal Guangping Hou Wu Han, Governor of Henan, Fucheng Hou Wang Liang
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
左將軍膠東侯賈復琅邪太守祝阿侯陳 |
| | Left General Jiaodong Hou Jia Fu, Tai Shou of Langya, Zhua Hou Chen
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
俊 |
| | Jun
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
建威大將軍好畤侯耿弇驃騎大將軍參蘧侯 |
| | General of the Jiwei Army, Haozhi Hou Geng Yan; General-in-Chief of the Biaoqi Army, Canqu Hou
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
杜茂 |
| | Du Mao
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
執金吾雍奴侯寇恂積弩將軍昆陽侯傅 |
| | Commander of the Zhijinwu, Yongnu Hou Kou Xun; General of the Jinu Army, Kunyang Hou Fu
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
俊 |
| | Jun
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
征南大將軍舞陽侯岑彭左曹合肥侯堅鐔 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Zhennan Army, Wuyang Hou Cen Peng; Zuo Cao, Hefei Hou Jian Dan
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
征西大將軍陽夏侯馮異上谷太守淮陽 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Zhengxi Army, Yangxia Hou Feng Yi; Tai Shou of Shanggu, Huaiyang
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
侯王霸 |
| | Hou Wang Ba
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
建義大將軍鬲侯朱祐信都太守阿陵侯任 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Jiayi Army, Ge Hou Zhu You; Tai Shou of Xindu, Aling Hou Ren
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
光 |
| | Guang
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
征虜將軍潁陽侯祭遵豫章太守中水侯李 |
| | General of the Zhenglu Army, Yingyang Hou Jia Zun; Tai Shou of Yuzhang, Zhongshui Hou Li
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
忠 |
| | Zhong
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
驃騎大將軍櫟陽侯景丹右將軍槐里侯萬脩 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Biaoji Army, Linyang Hou Jing Dan; Right General, Huaili Hou Wan Xiu
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
虎牙大將軍安平侯蓋延太常靈壽侯邳彤 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Huya Army, Anping Hou Gai Yan; Tai Chang, Lingshou Hou Pi Tong
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
衛尉安成侯銚期驍騎將軍昌成侯劉 |
| | Wei Wei, Ancheng Hou Chao Qi; General of the Xiaoqi Army, Changcheng Hou Liu
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
植 |
| | Zhi
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
東郡太守東光侯耿純橫野大將軍山桑侯 |
| | Tai Shou of Dongjun, Dongguang Hou Geng Chun; General-in-Chief of the Hengye Army, Shansang Hou
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
王常 |
| | Wang Chang
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
城門校尉朗陵侯臧宮大司空固始侯李通 |
| | Commander of the Chengmen Xiao Wei, Langling Hou Zang Gong; Grand Minister of Works, Gushi Hou Li Tong
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
捕虜將軍楊虛侯馬武大司空安豐侯竇融 |
| | General of the Bulu Army, Yangxu Hou Ma Wu; Grand Minister of Works, Anfeng Hou Dou Rong
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
驃騎將軍慎侯劉隆太傅宣德侯卓茂 |
| | General-in-Chief of the Biaoxi Army, Shen Hou Liu Long; Grand Tutor, Xuande Hou Zhuo Mao
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| | 朱景王杜... : |
贊曰：帝績思乂，庸功是存。有來群后，捷我戎軒。婉孌龍姿，儷景同侴。 |
| | Zan said: The emperor's achievements are worthy of remembrance; the meritorious service must be preserved. When virtuous ministers came forth, they swiftly aided our military campaigns. Graceful and refined in dragon-like bearing, they stood side by side like the sun and moon, sharing a common purpose.
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