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孟春之月，招搖指寅，昏參中，旦尾中。其位東方，其日甲乙，盛德在木，其蟲鱗，其音角，律中太蔟，其數八，其味酸，其臭膻，其祀戶，祭先脾。東風解凍，蟄蟲始振蘇，魚上負冰，獺祭魚，候雁北。天子衣青衣，乘蒼龍，服蒼玉，建青旗，食麥與羊，服八風水，爨萁燧火。東宮御女青色，衣青采，鼓琴瑟，其兵矛，其畜羊，朝于青陽左個，以出春令。布德施惠，行慶賞，省徭賦。立春之日，天子親率三公、九卿、大夫以迎歲于東郊，修除祠位，幣禱鬼神，犧牲用牡，禁伐木，母覆巢、殺胎夭，毋麛，毋卵，毋聚眾、置城郭，掩骼薶骴。孟春行夏令，則風雨不時，草木旱落，國乃有恐。行秋令，則其民大疫，飄風暴雨總至，黎莠蓬蒿並興。行冬令，則水潦為敗，雨霜大雹，首稼不入。正月官司空，其樹楊。 |
| | In the first month of spring, the handle of the Dipper points to Yin, at dusk the star Shen is central, and at dawn the star Wei is central. Its position is the East, its days are Jia and Yi; the most virtuous power resides in wood. Its creatures have scales, its musical tone is Jue, corresponding to the pitch-pipe Tai Cu. Its number is eight, its flavor is sour, its smell is rancid, its offering is for the door, and it honors ancestors of the spleen. The east wind melts the frost; hibernating creatures begin to stir and awaken, fish rise beneath floating ice, otters offer fish as sacrifices, and wild geese await their migration north. The Son of Heaven wears a green robe, rides the Azure Dragon, adorns himself with azure jade, raises a blue banner, eats wheat and mutton, drinks water from the Eight Winds, and cooks using fire made by burning reeds and flint. The eastern palace concubine wears blue, dresses in blue patterns, plays the guqin and se, her weapon is a spear, her domestic animals are sheep; she holds court at Zuo Ge of Qingyang to issue spring decrees. Disseminate virtue and bestow favors, carry out celebrations and rewards, reduce corvée labor and taxes. On the day of Lichun, the Son of Heaven personally leads the Three Dukes, Nine Ministers, and officials to welcome the new year at the eastern suburbs. He repairs and cleanses the ancestral shrine, offers gifts and prayers to gods and spirits, uses male sacrificial animals; prohibits felling trees, disturbing nests, killing fetuses or young animals, hunting deer calves, destroying eggs, gathering crowds, building city walls, and covers exposed bones and buries scattered bones. If in the first month of spring commands for summer are carried out, then winds and rains will be untimely, grasses and trees will fall prematurely due to drought, and the state will experience fear. If autumn commands are carried out at this time, then a great epidemic will afflict the people, fierce winds and torrential rains will suddenly arrive, and weeds such as Liyou and Penghao will flourish together. If winter commands are carried out at this time then floods will cause damage, rain mixed with frost and large hail will fall, and the early harvest will fail. In the first month, the official in charge is Guankong; its tree is the poplar.
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仲春之月，招搖指卯，昏弧中，旦建星中。其位東方，其日甲乙，其蟲鱗，其音角，律中夾鍾，其數八，其味酸，其臭膻，其祀戶，祭先脾。始雨水，桃李始華，蒼庚鳴，鷹化為鳩。天子衣青衣，乘蒼龍，服蒼玉，建青旗，食麥與羊，服八風水，爨萁燧火，東宮御女青色，衣青采，鼓琴瑟，其兵矛，其畜羊，朝于青陽太廟。命有司，省囹圄，去桎梏，毋笞掠，止獄訟。養幼小，存孤獨，以通句萌。擇元日，令民社。是月也，日夜分，雷始發聲，蟄蟲咸動蘇。先雷三日，振鐸以令於兆民，曰：「雷且發聲，有不戒其容止者，生子不備，必有凶災。」令官市，同度量，鈞衡石，角鬥稱。毋竭川澤，毋漉陂池，毋焚山林，毋作大事，以妨農功。祭不用犧牲，用圭璧，更皮幣。仲春行秋令，則其國大水，寒氣總至，寇戎來征。行冬令，則陽氣不勝，麥乃不熟，民多相殘。行夏令，則其國氣早來，蟲螟為害。二月官倉，其樹杏。 |
| | In the second month of spring, the Dipper's handle points to Mao; at dusk, the star Hu is central, and at dawn, the star Jianxing is central. Its position is the East; its days are Jia and Yi. Its creatures have scales. Its musical tone is Yue, corresponding to the pitch-pipe Jiazhong. Its number is eight. Its flavor is sour. Its smell is rancid. Its offering is for the door. It honors ancestors of the spleen. Rain Water begins, peach and plum trees start to bloom, the yellow oriole sings, and hawks transform into jujubes. The Son of Heaven wears a blue robe, rides the Azure Dragon; adorns with azure jade, raises an emerald banner, eats wheat and lamb, drinks water from Eight Winds, cooks using fire made by reeds and flint. The eastern palace concubine is dressed in blue, wears blue patterns, plays guqin and 瑟 (se), her weapon is a spear; her domestic animal is the sheep, and she holds court at Qingyang Taitemple. Order the officials to inspect prisons, remove shackles, prohibit beating or torturing, and halt lawsuits and imprisonments. Nurture the young, care for the lonely and orphaned, to promote the growth of tender sprouts. Choose the first day of the month to command the people in communal sacrifices. In this month, day and night are equal; thunder begins to sound, hibernating creatures all stir and awaken. Three days before thunder, the bell is shaken to issue a command to all the people: "Thunder will soon sound; anyone who does not restrain their behavior and demeanor will give birth to an incomplete child and certainly suffer misfortune." Order the officials in charge of markets to standardize measurements, equalize weights and measures, and regulate scales and measuring vessels. Do not drain rivers and marshes, do not dry up ponds and reservoirs, do not burn forests and mountains, and do not undertake major projects that would hinder agricultural work. Sacrifices need not use sacrificial animals; instead, use jade gui and bi discs, and replace them with fur and silk offerings. If in the second month of spring commands for autumn are carried out, then the state will suffer great floods, cold air will suddenly arrive, and enemy forces will come to attack. If winter commands are carried out during this time, the yang energy will be insufficient; wheat will not ripen, and people will often harm each other. If summer commands are carried out during this period, the hot weather will arrive early, and pests such as borers will cause damage. In the second month, the official in charge is Cang; its tree is apricot.
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季春之月，招搖指辰，昏七星中，旦牽牛中，其位東方，其日甲乙，其蟲鱗，其音角，律中姑洗，其數八，其味酸，其臭膻，其祀戶，祭先脾。桐始華，田鼠化為鴽，虹始見，萍始生。天子衣青衣，乘蒼龍，服蒼玉，建青旗，食麥與羊，服八風水，爨萁燧火，東宮御女青色，衣青采，鼓琴瑟。其兵矛，其畜羊。朝于青陽右個。舟牧覆舟，五覆五反，乃言具于天子。天子烏始乘舟，薦鮪於寢廟，乃為麥祈實。是月也，生氣方盛，陽氣發洩，句者畢出，萌者盡達，不可以內。天子命有司，發囷倉，助貧窮，振乏絕，開府庫，出幣帛，使諸侯，聘名士，禮賢者。命司空，時雨將降，下水上騰，循行國邑，周視原野，修利堤防，導通溝瀆，達路除道，從國始，至境止。田獵畢弋，罝罘羅𦉾，餧毒之藥，毋出九門。乃禁野虞，毋伐桑柘。鳴鳩奮其羽，戴鵀降于桑，具撲曲筥筐。後妃齋戒，東向親桑，省婦使，勸蠶事。命五庫，令百工，審金鐵皮革、筋角箭幹、脂膠丹漆，無有不良。擇下旬吉日，大合藥，致歡欣。乃合㹎牛騰馬，游牝於牧。令國儺，九門磔攘，以畢春氣。行是月令，甘雨至三旬。季春行冬令，則寒氣時發，草木皆肅，國有大怨。行夏令，則民多疾疫，時雨不降，山陵不登。行秋令，則天多沈陰，淫雨早降，兵革並起。三月官鄉，其樹李。 |
| | In the third month of spring, the Dipper's handle points to Chen; at dusk, the Seven Stars are central, and at dawn, Tian Niu is central. Its position is the East; its days are Jia and Yi. Its creatures have scales; its musical tone is Yue, corresponding to Gu Xian in pitch-pipes. Its number is eight; its flavor is sour; its smell is rancid; its offering is for the gate; it honors ancestors of the spleen first. The paulownia tree begins to bloom, field mice transform into turtle doves, rainbows begin to appear, and water clover starts to grow. The Son of Heaven wears a qing robe, rides the Canglong, adorns with cangyu jade, raises an emerald flag, eats wheat and mutton; drinks water from Baifeng, cooks using fire made from reeds and flint; the eastern palace concubine dresses in blue, wears qing patterns, plays guqin or 瑟 (se). Their weapon is a spear; their domestic animal is sheep. He holds court at You Ge of Qingyang. The boat official turns the boats, five times forward and five times backward, then reports the preparations to the Son of Heaven. The Son of Heaven first boards a boat; he offers preserved fish in the ancestral temple, and then makes an offering to pray for a good wheat harvest. In this month, vital energy is at its peak; yang energy is released outwardly; all that was curled begins to emerge and sprout fully. It is not suitable for inward activities. The Son of Heaven commands the officials to open granaries and warehouses, assist the poor, support those in dire need, open treasuries, issue silk and money, send envoys to feudal lords, invite renowned scholars, and honor virtuous men with courtesy. Order Guankong: as timely rains are about to fall, water levels will rise. Inspect the capital and cities, survey plains and fields, repair dikes and embankments, clear canals and ditches, open roads and remove obstructions, starting from the state capital and ending at its borders. Hunting with bows should end; traps, nets, and snares must be removed; poison for hunting is forbidden to leave the nine gates. Then prohibit hunting in the wilds and forbid felling mulberry or zhe trees. The jujube bird flaps its wings, the Daiji descends to the mulberry tree; prepare baskets and wicker containers for gathering. The empresses and consorts observe purification rites, face east to personally inspect the mulberry trees, examine female servants, and encourage sericulture. Order the five warehouses to command all artisans to inspect gold, iron, leather, tendons and horn for arrows, shafts, fat, glue, cinnabar, and lacquer—none should be substandard. Choose a propitious day in the last ten days of the month to prepare medicines in large quantities, bringing joy and happiness. Then bring together strong oxen and swift horses, and lead mares to graze on the pastures. Order a national ritual of Nuo (a traditional exorcism ceremony), perform sacrificial rites at the nine gates, to conclude the spring qi (vital energy). Following these monthly commands will bring sweet rain within thirty days. If in the third month of spring winter commands are carried out, cold air will frequently arise; grasses and trees all become withered and desolate, and great resentment will arise within the state. If summer commands are carried out at this season, then people will suffer from many epidemics; timely rains do not fall, and mountains remain unascended. If autumn commands are carried out during this season, the sky will often be overcast; heavy rains fall early, and wars and military conflicts arise together. In the third month, the official in charge is Xiang; its tree is plum.
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孟夏之月，招搖指巳，昏翼中，旦婺女中，其位南方，其日丙丁，盛德在火，其蟲羽，其音徵，律中仲呂，其數七，其味苦，其臭焦，其祀灶，祭先肺。螻蟈鳴，丘蚓出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。天子衣赤衣，乘赤騮，服赤玉，建赤旗，食菽與雞，服八風水，爨柘燧火。南宮御女赤色，衣赤采，吹竽笙。其兵戟，其畜雞，朝于明堂左個，以出夏令。立夏之日，天子親率三公、九卿、大夫以迎歲於南郊。還，乃賞賜，封諸侯，修禮樂，饗左右。命太尉，贊傑俊，選賢良，舉孝悌，行爵出祿，佐天長養，繼修增高，無有隳壞。毋興土功，毋伐大樹，令野虞，行田原，勸農事，驅獸畜，勿令害谷，天子以彘嘗麥，先薦寢廟。聚畜百藥，靡草死，麥秋至，決小罪，斷薄刑。孟夏行秋令，則苦雨數來，五穀不滋，四鄰入保。行冬令，則草木早枯，後乃大水，敗壞城郭。行春令，則螽蝗為敗，暴風來格，秀草不實。 |
| | In the first month of summer, the Dipper's handle points toward Si; at dusk, the constellation Yi is central; at dawn, the constellation Wu Nu is central. Its position corresponds to the South; its days are Bing and Ding. The most virtuous power resides in fire. Its creatures have feathers; its musical tone is Zhi, corresponding to Zhonglv in pitch-pipes; its number is seven; its flavor is bitter; its smell is scorched; its offering relates to the stove; it honors ancestors of the lungs first. The mole cricket sings, earthworms emerge from hillsides, Wanggua grows, and bitter herbs flourish. The Son of Heaven wears red robes, rides a red horse, adorns in red jade, raises a crimson banner, eats beans and chicken, drinks water from the Eight Winds, and cooks with fire made by burning zhe wood and flint. The southern palace concubine is red in color, wears red patterns, and plays the yu and sheng (musical instruments). Their weapon is the halberd; their domestic animal is chicken. They hold court at Zuo Ge in Mingtang to issue summer decrees. On the day of Lixia, the Son of Heaven personally 率领 the Three Dukes, the Nine Ministers, and the officials to welcome the new age at the southern suburbs. After returning, he bestows rewards and honors feudal lords; repairs rites and music; entertains those on his left and right with banquets. Order the Taiwei to commend outstanding talents, select virtuous and capable men, recommend filial and fraternal individuals, bestow ranks and salaries, assist in nurturing Heaven's growth, continue improvement and elevation, without any neglect or damage. Do not initiate earthworks, do not cut down large trees. Order the wild game officials to patrol fields and encourage farming; drive away wild animals and livestock so they do not harm crops. The Son of Heaven offers pork with wheat as a sacrifice, first presenting it in the ancestral temple. Gather and store various medicines; weeds die off; the wheat harvest arrives. Decide minor offenses, and sentence light punishments. If in the first month of summer commands for autumn are carried out then bitter rains will frequently come, five grains will not grow well, and neighboring states will enter to protect themselves. If winter commands are carried out in this season then grasses and trees will wither early, followed by great floods that damage city walls. If spring commands are carried out at this period then locusts and grasshoppers will cause destruction, violent winds arrive suddenly, and budding crops do not bear fruit.
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仲夏之月，招搖指午，昏亢中，旦危中，其位南方，其日丙丁，其蟲羽，其音徵，律中蕤賓，其數七，其味苦，其臭焦，其祀灶，祭先肺。小暑至，螳螂生，貝鵙始鳴，反舌無聲。天子衣赤衣，乘赤騮，服赤玉，載赤旗，食菽與雞，服八風水，爨柘燧火。南宮御女赤色，衣赤采，吹竽笙。其兵戟，其畜雞，朝於明堂太廟。命樂師，修鞀鼙琴瑟管簫，調竽篪，飾鍾磬，執幹戚弋羽，命有司，為民祈祀山川百源，大雩帝，用盛樂。天子以雉嘗黍，羞以含桃，先薦寢廟。禁民無刈藍以染，毋燒灰，毋暴布，門閭無閉，關市無索。挺重囚，益其食，存鰥寡，振死事，遊牝別其群，執騰駒，班馬政。日長至，陰陽爭，死生分，君子齋戒，慎身無躁，節聲色，薄滋味，百官靜，事無徑，以定晏陰之所成。鹿角解，蟬始鳴，半夏生，木堇榮，禁民無發火。可以居高明，遠眺望，登丘陵，處台榭。仲夏行冬令，則雹霰傷谷，道路不通，暴兵來至。行春令，則五穀不孰，百螣時起，其國乃饑。行秋令，則草木零落，果實蚤成，民殃於疫。五月官相，其樹榆。 |
| | In the second month of summer, the handle of the Dipper (Zhaoyao) points to Wu; at dusk, Kang is central; at dawn, Wei is central. Its position corresponds with the South; its days correspond to Bing and Ding; its creatures have feathers; its tone is Zhi; it corresponds to Rui Bin in pitch-pipes; its numerical value is seven; its taste is bitter; its scent is scorched; it honors the stove as a deity; it offers sacrifices first to ancestors of the lungs. Minor Heat arrives, mantises are born, the Bei Ju bird begins to sing, and the Fan She bird becomes silent. The Son of Heaven wears crimson robes, rides a red steed, adorns in crimson jade, carries a red banner, eats beans and chickens, drinks water from the Eight Winds, and cooks with fire kindled by zhe wood and flint. The southern palace concubine has a red color, wears red patterns and plays the yu (a type of bamboo instrument) and sheng. Their weapon is the halberd, their domestic animal is a chicken; they hold court at Taitemple in Mingtang. Order the music master to repair drums, pi (a type of drum), guqin, se, pipes and flutes; tune yu and chi instruments; decorate bells and stone chimes; hold shields,戚 (a ritual weapon),弋 (a hunting tool) and feathers. Command officials to offer sacrifices for the people at mountains, rivers, and all springs; perform a grand rain prayer to the Emperor using grand music. The Son of Heaven tastes millet with pheasant, presents it with hantao (a type of fruit), and first offers sacrifices in the ancestral temple. Prohibit people from cutting indigo plants for dyeing, forbid burning ashes, and prohibit exposing cloth to the sun; do not close gates of neighborhoods, and do not impose tolls at customs or markets. Release seriously ill prisoners, increase their food rations; care for widowers and widows, support those who died in service. Separate mares from the herd, restrain swift young horses, and distribute horse policies. The day reaches its longest length; yin and yang contend, life and death divide. The virtuous person observes purification rites, exercises caution in conduct without restlessness, moderates music and desires, reduces rich flavors; all officials remain quiet, affairs proceed without shortcuts, to determine the completion of tranquility and yin's influence. Deer antlers fall off; cicadas begin to sing; Banxia grows, and Mu Jin flowers flourish. Prohibit the people from starting fires. It is suitable to dwell in high and bright places, look far into the distance, ascend hills and mountains, or stay on terraces and pavilions. If in the second month of summer winter commands are carried out then hail and sleet will damage crops, roads become impassable, and sudden military attacks arrive. If spring commands are carried out during this month then the five grains will not ripen; pests appear frequently, and the country falls into famine. If autumn commands are carried out in this period then grasses and trees wither and fall early, fruits ripen prematurely, and the people suffer from epidemics. In the fifth month, the official is Xiang; its tree corresponds to elm.
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季夏之月，招搖指未，昏心中，旦奎中，其位中央，其日戊己，盛德在土，其蟲嬴，其音宮，律中百鍾，其數五，其味甘，其臭香，其祀中霤，祭先心。涼風始至，蟋蟀居奧，鷹乃學習，腐草化為蚈。天子衣黃衣，乘黃騮，服黃玉，建黃旗。食稷與牛，服八風水，爨柘燧火，中宮御女黃色，衣黃采，其兵劍，其畜牛，朝于中宮。乃命漁人，伐蛟取鼉，登龜取黿。令滂人，入材葦。命四監大夫，令百縣之秩芻以養犧牲，以供皇天上帝、名山大川、四方之神、宗廟社稷，為民祈福行惠，令吊死問疾，存視長老，行稃鬻，厚席蓐，以送萬物歸也。命婦官染采，黼黻文章，青黃白黑，莫不質良，以給宗廟之服，必宣以明。是月也，樹木方盛，勿敢斬伐，不可以合諸侯，起土功，動眾興兵，必有天殃。土潤溽暑，大雨時行，利以殺草糞田疇，以肥土疆。季夏行春令，則谷實解落，多風欬，民乃遷徙。行秋令，則丘隰水潦，稼穡不孰，乃多女災。行冬令，則風寒不時，鷹隼蚤摯，四鄙入保。六月官少內，其樹梓。 |
| | In the third month of summer, Zhaoyao points to Wei; at dusk, Zhong is central; at dawn, Kui is central. Its position corresponds to Central (Earth); its days are Wu and Ji. The most virtuous power lies in Earth. Its creatures are ying; its musical tone is Gong; it corresponds to Bai Zhong in pitch-pipes; its numeral is five; its flavor is sweet; its scent is fragrant; its offering relates to Zhongliu (central drain); it honors ancestors of the heart first. Cool winds begin to arrive, crickets take shelter in corners; hawks start practicing flight, and decaying grass transforms into centipedes. The Son of Heaven wears yellow robes, rides a yellow horse, adorns with yellow jade, and raises a yellow banner. He eats millet and beef, drinks water from the Eight Wind, cooks with fire made of zhe wood and flint; in the central palace, the concubine is yellow in color, wears yellow patterns. Their weapon is a sword; their domestic animal is an ox; they hold court in the Central Palace. Then command fishermen to hunt dragons, capture turtles, and collect tortoises from the water. Order the people of Pang to gather materials and reeds. Order the four supervisors and officials to command all counties to prepare fodder for sacrificial animals, to offer them to Heaven, the Emperor of Heaven, famous mountains and great rivers, deities in all directions, ancestral temples, and earth gods. Carry out blessings and favors for the people; order mourning for the dead and visiting the sick, care for elders, distribute rice porridge, provide thick mats and bedding, to send off all things as they return. Order the female officials in charge of dyeing to prepare colored fabrics, with patterns such as fu and fu; blue, yellow, white, black—none but high quality materials—to supply garments for ancestral temple rituals, which must be clearly displayed. In this month, trees and woods are flourishing; one must not dare to cut or fell them. It is unsuitable to convene feudal lords, initiate earthworks, mobilize the people, or raise armies, for there will certainly be heavenly calamities. The soil is moist and humid in the heat; timely heavy rains fall, which are beneficial for killing weeds and fertilizing fields to enrich the land. If in the third month of summer spring commands are carried out, then grains will fall prematurely; frequent winds and coughing occur, and people begin to migrate. If autumn commands are carried out this season then low-lying fields will flood with water; crops do not ripen, and many calamities befall women. If winter commands are carried out this time then cold winds will arrive untimely; hawks and falcons strike early, and neighboring regions enter to defend themselves. In the sixth month, the official in charge is Shaonei; its tree corresponds to zhi (Toon tree).
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孟秋之月，招搖指申，昏鬥中，旦畢中，其位西方，其日庚辛，盛德在金，其蟲毛，其音商，律中夷則，其數九，其味辛，其臭腥，其祀門，祭先肝。涼風至，白露降，寒蟬鳴，鷹乃祭鳥，用始行戮。天子衣白衣，乘白駱，服白玉，建白旗，食麻與犬，服八風水，爨柘燧火，西宮御女白色，衣白采，撞白鍾，其兵弋，其畜狗。朝于總章左個，以出秋令。求不孝不悌，戮暴傲悍而罰之，以助損氣。立秋之日，天子親率三公、九卿、大夫以迎秋於西郊。還，乃賞軍率武人于朝，命將率，選卒厲兵，簡練桀俊，專任有功，以征不義，詰誅暴慢，順彼四方。命有司，修法制，繕囹圄，禁奸塞邪，審決獄，平詞訟。天地始肅，不可以贏。是月農始升谷，天子嘗新，先薦寢廟。命百官，始收斂，完堤防，謹障塞，以備水潦，修城郭，繕宮室。毋以封侯，立大官，行重幣，出大使。行是月令，涼風至三旬。孟秋行冬令，則陰氣大勝，介蟲敗穀，戎兵乃來。行春令，則其國乃旱，陽氣複還，五穀無實。行夏令，則冬多火災，寒暑不節，民多虐疾。七月官庫，其樹楝。 |
| | In the first month of autumn, Zhaoyao (the handle of the Dipper) points to Shen; at dusk, Dou is central; at dawn, Bi is central. Its position corresponds to West; its days are Geng and Xin. The most virtuous power is in metal. Its creatures have fur; its musical tone is Shang; it corresponds to Yizé in pitch-pipes; its numerological value is nine; its flavor is pungent; its scent is fishy; its offering relates to the gate; it honors ancestors first of the liver. Cool winds arrive, white dew falls, cold cicadas sing; hawks begin to offer birds as sacrifices and start hunting. The Son of Heaven wears white robes, rides a white camel, adorns with white jade, raises a white banner; eats hemp and dog meat, drinks water from the Eight Winters, cooks using fire made of zhe wood with flint. The western palace concubine is white in color, dresses in white patterns, strikes white bells; their weapon is 弋 (a hunting tool), their domestic animal is dogs. He holds court at Zuo Ge, Zhongzhang to issue autumn decrees. Seek out those who are unfilial and disrespectful to their elders; execute the violent, arrogant, and defiant ones as punishment, to assist in reducing harmful qi. On the day of Liqiu, the Son of Heaven personally led the Three Dukes, Nine Officials, and ministers to welcome autumn at the western suburbs. After returning, he rewarded military commanders and martial men in court. He ordered generals to select soldiers and sharpen weapons; reviewed outstanding talents, entrusted those with merit exclusively, to campaign against injustice, punish the violent and arrogant, and bring order to all directions. Order officials to revise laws and regulations, repair prisons, prohibit evildoers and block wickedness, carefully decide cases, and fairly resolve disputes. Heaven and Earth begin to become solemn; one must not be careless or lax. In this month, farmers start bringing in the harvest; the Son of Heaven tastes the new grain and first offers it at the ancestral temple. Order all officials to begin collecting harvests, complete dikes and embankments, carefully block off breaches, in preparation for floods; repair city walls and palaces. Do not confer marquisates or appoint high officials, send heavy gifts, or dispatch major envoys. Following the commands of this month's calendar, cool winds will arrive within thirty days. If winter orders are carried out in the first autumn month, then yin qi will prevail greatly; shell-covered creatures destroy crops and enemy troops will come. If spring orders are carried out, then the country will suffer droughts; yang qi returns prematurely, and five grains bear no fruit. If summer orders are carried out, there will be frequent fires in winter; cold and heat become irregular, and the people suffer from many febrile diseases. łoż In July, the official is Guoku; its tree corresponds to lian (Chionanthus reticulatus).
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仲秋之月，招搖指酉，昏牽牛中，旦觜嶲中。其位西方，其日庚辛，其蟲毛，其音商，律中南呂，其數九，其味辛，其臭腥，其祀門，祭先肝。涼風至，候雁來，玄鳥歸，群鳥翔。天子衣白衣，乘白駱，服白玉，建白旗，食麻與犬，服八風水，爨柘燧火，西宮御女白色，衣白采，撞白鍾，其兵戈，其畜犬。朝于總章太廟。命有司，申嚴百刑，斬殺必當，無或枉撓。決獄不當，反受其殃。是月也，養長老，授几杖，行稃鬻飲食。乃命宰祝，行犧牲，案芻豢，視肥臒全粹，察物色，課比類，量小大，視少長，莫不中度。天子乃儺，以御秋氣，以犬嘗麻，先薦寢廟。是月可以築城郭，建都邑，穿竇窖，修囷倉。乃命有司，趣民收斂畜采，多積聚，勸種宿麥。若或失時，行罪無疑。是月也，雷乃始收，蟄蟲倍戶，殺氣浸盛。陽氣日衰，水始涸。日夜分。一度量，平權衡，正鈞石角鬥稱，理關市，來商旅，入貨財，以便民事。四方來集，遠方皆至，財物不匱，上無乏用，百事乃遂。仲秋行春令，則秋雨不降，草木生榮，國有大恐。行夏令，則其國乃旱，蟄蟲不藏，五穀皆複生。行冬令，則風災數起，收雷先行，草木蚤死。八月官尉，其樹柘。 |
| | In the second month of autumn, Zhaoyou points to You; at dusk, Qianniu is central; at dawn, Zuiyi is central. Its position corresponds to the West; its days are Geng, Xin. Its creatures have fur. Its musical tone is Shang. It corresponds to Nanlv in pitch-pipes. Its number is nine. Its flavor is pungent. Its scent is fishy. Its offering relates to gates. The ancestral sacrifice honors first the liver. Cool winds arrive; migratory geese come; the black bird returns, and flocks of birds fly about. The Son of Heaven wears white clothes, rides a white camel, wears white jade ornaments, raises a white flag; eats hemp and dog meat; drinks water from the Eight Winds; cooks with fire made by striking zhe wood. The western concubine is pale in color, dressed in white patterns, strikes the white bell; their weapon is gē (a type of halberd), and their domestic animal is dogs. He holds court at Taemiao, Zongzhang. Order officials to strictly enforce all punishments; executions must be just and without injustice or interference. If judgments of cases are unjust, the judge will suffer misfortune in return. In this month, honor and care for elders; present them with canes and stools, and provide soft food and drinks. Then order the chief priest to oversee sacrificial animals, inspect fodder and livestock, examine their fatness and health, observe their appearance, compare categories, measure sizes, assess ages; all must conform to standards. The Son of Heaven performs a ritual exorcism to ward off autumn qi, and tastes hemp with dogs; first offerings are made at the ancestral temple. In this month it is appropriate to build city walls, establish capitals and towns, dig wells and cellars, and repair granaries. Then order officials to urge the people to gather in harvests and collect provisions; encourage planting of winter wheat. If they fail to act on time, punishment will be carried out without hesitation. In this month, thunder begins to subside; hibernating creatures multiply at their burrows, and killing qi grows increasingly intense. Yang qi gradually declines, and water sources begin to dry up. Day and night are equal in length. Standardize measurements, balance weights and scales, correct the measures of jūnshi (weights) and duocheng (measuring vessels), regulate markets at border passes, attract merchants and travelers, bring in goods and wealth, to facilitate civil affairs. People from all directions gather; those from afar arrive as well. Wealth and goods are not lacking, the ruler lacks no resources, and a hundred affairs proceed smoothly. If spring orders are carried out during the second autumn month, then autumn rains will not fall; grass and trees flourish abnormally, and great fear arises in the state. If summer orders are carried out then the country will suffer from drought; hibernating insects do not hide, and five grains sprout again. If winter orders are carried out then wind disasters frequently arise, thunder sounds early, and grass and trees die prematurely. In August, the official in charge is Guanwei; its tree corresponds to Zhe (Toxicodendron succedaneum).
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季秋之月，招搖指戌，昏虛中，旦柳中，其位西方，其日庚辛，其蟲毛，其音商，律中無射，其數九，其味辛，其臭腥，其祀門，祭先肝。候雁來，賓雀入大水為蛤，菊有黃華，豺乃祭獸戮禽。天子衣白衣，乘白駱，服白玉，建白旗，食麻與犬，服八風水，爨柘燧火，西宮御女白色，衣白采，撞白鍾，其兵戈，其畜犬，朝于總章右個。命有司，申嚴號令，百官貴賤，無不務入，以會天地之藏，無有宣出。乃命塚宰，農事備收，舉五穀之要，藏帝籍之收於神倉。是月也，霜始降，百工休，乃命有司曰：寒氣總至，民力不堪，其皆入室，上丁入學習吹，大饗帝，嘗犧牲，合諸候，制百縣。為來歲受朔日，與諸侯所稅于民，輕重之法，貢歲之數，以遠近土地所宜為度。乃教于田獵，以習五戎，命太仆及七騶，咸駕戴荏，授車以級，皆正設於屏外，司徒搢朴，北向以贊之。天子乃厲服廣飾，執弓矢以獵。命主祠，祭禽四方。是月草木黃落，乃伐薪為炭，蟄蟲咸俯。乃趨獄刑，毋留有罪，收錄秩之不當，供養之不宜者。通路除道，從境始，至國而後已。是月，天子乃以犬嘗麻，先薦寢廟。季秋行夏令，則其國大水，冬藏殃敗，民多鼽窒。行冬令，則國多盜賊，邊竟不寧，土地分裂。行春令，則暖風來至，民氣解惰，師旅並興。九月官候，其樹槐。 |
| | In the third month of autumn, Zhaoyang points to Xu; at dusk, Xū is central; at dawn, Liu is central. Its position corresponds with West; its days are Gēng and Xīn. Its creatures have fur, its musical tone is Shāng, it corresponds to Wushè in pitch-pipes, its number is nine, its flavor is pungent, its scent is fishy, its offering relates to the gate, and ancestral sacrifices honor first the liver. Migratory geese arrive; guest sparrows enter large water bodies to become clams; chrysanthemums bloom yellow, and jackals offer sacrifices of beasts and kill birds. The Son of Heaven wears white clothing, rides a white camel, ornaments with white jade, and raises a white flag. He eats hemp and dog meat and drinks water from the Eight Winds. He cooks using fire made by striking Zhe wood. The western palace concubines are pale in color, wear white patterns, strike white bells; their weapons are gē (halberds), their domestic animals are dogs. He holds court at You Ge, Zongzhang. Order officials to strictly enforce commands and decrees; all government officers, regardless of rank or status, must diligently attend, in order to gather the treasures of Heaven and Earth without any being dispersed. Then command the Grand Minister: when agricultural affairs are fully harvested, collect the essentials of the five grains and store the imperial records of harvests in the sacred granary. In this month, frost begins to fall; all artisans cease work. Then order officials: "Cold qi is coming in full force; the people's strength cannot bear it. All must enter their homes. On Ding days, they shall gather indoors to study and practice blowing (music), offer great sacrifices to Heaven, taste sacrificial animals, convene feudal lords, and regulate all counties." Prepare for the first day of next year, and determine the tax laws from feudal lords to their people, the amount of tribute each year, according to the suitability of land near or far. Then conduct training in field hunting to practice the five military formations. Order Taifu and seven zhou (attendants) to prepare all vehicles with Dai Ren (a type of vehicle), distribute them by rank, and properly arrange them outside the screen. Situ holds a staff, faces north, and assists in the ceremony. The Son of Heaven then wears ceremonial robes with elaborate decorations, takes up bow and arrows to go hunting. Order the chief priest to sacrifice captured game in all four directions. In this month, grass and trees turn yellow and fall; then cut firewood for charcoal, and hibernating insects all lie low. Then hasten the administration of punishments; do not leave criminals in detention, and remove those who are improperly ranked or inappropriately provided for. Clear roads and paths from the border to the capital without stopping until they reach the state's center. In this month, the Son of Heaven tastes hemp with dogs and first offers it at his ancestral temple. If summer orders are carried out in this third autumn month, then the country will experience great floods; winter storage is ruined by disaster, and people suffer from frequent nasal congestion. If winter orders are carried out, the country will have many thieves and bandits; its borders remain unsettled, and land becomes divided. If spring orders are carried out then warm winds arrive, the people's spirit slackens, and military campaigns arise simultaneously. In September, the official in charge is Guaohou; its tree corresponds to huai (Sophora japonica).
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孟冬之月，招搖指亥，昏危中，旦七星中，其位北方，其日壬癸，盛德在水，其蟲介，其音羽，律中應鍾，其數六。其味堿，其臭腐，其祀井，祭先腎。水始冰，地始凍，雉入大水為蜃，虹藏不見。天子衣黑衣，乘玄驪，服玄玉，建玄旗，食黍與彘，服八風水，爨松燧火。北宮御女黑色，衣黑采，擊磬石，其兵鎩，其畜彘，朝于玄堂左個，以出冬令。命有司，修群禁，禁外徙，閉門閭，大搜客，斷罰刑，殺當罪，阿上亂法者誅。立冬之日，天子親率三公、九卿、大夫以迎歲於北郊。還，乃賞死事，存孤寡。是月，命太祝，禱祀神位，占龜策，審卦兆，以察吉凶。於是天子始裘，命百官，謹蓋藏，命司徒，行積聚，修城郭，警門閭，修楗閉，慎管龠，固封璽，修邊境，完要塞，絕蹊徑，飾喪紀，審棺槨衣衾之薄厚，營丘壟之小大高痹，使貴賤卑尊各有等級。是月也，工師效功，陳祭器，案度程，堅致為上。工事苦慢，作為淫巧，必行其罪。是月也，大飲蒸，天子祈來年于天宗，大禱祭于公社，畢，饗先祖。勞農夫，以休息之。命將率講武，肄射御，角力勁。乃命水虞漁師，收水泉池澤之賦，毋或侵牟。孟冬行春令，則凍閉不密，地氣發洩，民多流亡。行夏令，則多暴風，方冬不寒，蟄蟲複出。行秋令，則雪霜不時，小兵時起，土地侵削。十月官司馬，其樹檀。 |
| | In the first month of winter, Zhaoyao points to Hai; at dusk, Wei is central; at dawn, Qixing is central. Its position corresponds to North; its days are Ren and Gui. The most virtuous power resides in water. Its creatures have shells; its musical tone is Yu; it corresponds to Yingzhong in pitch-pipes; its number is six. Its flavor is salty, its scent is foul, its offering relates to wells, and ancestral sacrifices honor the kidneys first. Water begins to freeze; the earth starts to freeze over; pheasants enter large bodies of water and become chen (a mythical creature), and rainbows are hidden from view. The Son of Heaven wears black robes, rides a black horse, adorns with dark jade, raises a black flag; eats millet and pork, drinks water from the Eight Winds, cooks using fire made by flint striking pine wood. The northern palace concubine is black in color, wears dark patterns, strikes stone chimes; their weapon is a broken spear, their domestic animal is pigs. He holds court at Zuoge, Xuantang to issue winter decrees. Order officials to repair all enclosures, prohibit movement beyond boundaries, close gates and alleys, conduct a thorough search of travelers, administer punishments and penalties, execute those whose crimes deserve death; those who favor superiors and disrupt the law are executed. On the day of Lidong, the Son of Heaven in person leads the Three Dukes, the Nine Officials, and the ministers to welcome the new year at the northern suburbs. After returning, he rewards those who died for their duties and provides care for orphans and widows. In this month, order the Grand Priest to pray at the altars of gods and spirits, consult tortoise shells and divination sticks, examine hexagrams and omens, in order to discern auspiciousness or misfortune. At this time, the Son of Heaven begins to wear fur. He orders all officials to carefully cover and store provisions; commands Situ to manage accumulation and storage, repair city walls, guard gates and alleys, fix locks and bolts, be cautious with keys, secure seals, reinforce borders, complete strategic passes, block minor paths, regulate mourning customs, examine the thickness of coffins, shrouds, and burial mounds' size, height, and depth, so that people of all ranks—high or low—have their proper distinctions. In this month, master craftsmen present their work; display ritual vessels and examine standards of measurement and craftsmanship, with firmness and quality as the highest priority. If artisans are lazy or careless, or produce excessive and cunningly crafted objects, their crimes will surely be punished. In this month, great sacrificial feasts are held; the Son of Heaven prays for a good harvest in the coming year at Tianzong (the ancestral altar of Heaven), and offers grand sacrifices to the public earth deity. After completion, he honors his ancestors with offerings. Relieve the farmers from labor so they may rest. Order generals to review military training, practice archery and chariot driving, and hold contests of strength and skill. Then order the water officials and fishery masters to collect taxes from springs, ponds, and marshes; no one is allowed to encroach or exploit them. If spring orders are carried out in the First Winter Month, then frost will not seal tightly; earth qi escapes, and many people will become displaced or flee. If summer orders are carried out there will be frequent violent winds, winter remains unseasonably warm, and hibernating creatures emerge again. If autumn orders are carried out then snow and frost fall at improper times; minor military conflicts arise frequently, and land is gradually eroded. In the tenth month, the official in charge corresponds to Guisima; its tree is tian (Santalum album).
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仲冬之月，招搖指子，昏壁中，旦軫中，其位北方，其日壬癸，其蟲介，其音羽，律中黃鍾，其數六，其味堿，其臭腐，其祀井，祭先腎。冰益壯，地始坼，鳱鴠不鳴，虎始交。天子衣黑衣，乘鐵驪，服玄玉，建玄旗，食黍與彘，服八風水，爨松燧火。北宮御女黑色，衣黑采，擊磬石。其兵鎩，其畜彘，朝于玄堂太廟。命有司曰：土事無作，無發室居，及起大眾。是謂發天地之藏，諸蟄則死，民必疾疫，有隨以喪。急捕盜賊，誅淫泆詐偽之人，命曰畼月。命奄尹，申宮令，審門閭，謹房室，必重閉，省婦事。乃命大酋，秫稻必齊，麴蘖必時，湛㵙必潔，水泉必香，陶器必良，火齊必得，無有差忒。天子乃命有司，祀四海大川名澤。是月也，農有不收藏積聚、牛馬畜獸有放失者，取之不詰。山林藪澤，有能取疏食、田獵禽獸者，野虞教導之。其有相侵奪，罪之不赦。是月也，日短至，陰陽爭，君子齋戒，處必掩，身欲靜，去聲色，禁嗜欲，甯身體，安形性。是月也，荔挺出，芸始生，丘蚓結，麋角解，水泉動則伐樹木，取竹箭，罷官之無事、器之無用者，塗闕庭門閭，築囹圄，所以助天地之閉。仲冬行夏令，則其國乃旱，氛霧冥冥，雷乃發聲。行秋令，則其時雨水，瓜瓠不成，國有大兵。行春令，則蟲螟為敗，水泉鹹竭，民多疾癘。十一月官都尉，其樹棗。 |
| | In the second month of winter, Zhaoyou points toward Zi; at dusk, Bi is central; at dawn, Shen is central. Its position corresponds to the North; its days are Rens and Guis. Its creatures have shells. Its musical tone is Yu. It corresponds to Huangzhong in pitch-pipes. Its numerological value is six. Its flavor is salty. Its scent is foul. Its offering relates to wells. The ancestral sacrifices honor first the kidneys. Ice becomes thicker; the earth begins to crack; yu dan (a bird) stops singing, and tigers begin mating. The Son of Heaven wears black clothes, rides a black horse with iron-colored coat, adorns in dark jade, raises the black flag; eats millet and pig meat, drinks water from Eight Winds, cooks with fire made by flint on pine wood. The northern palace concubines are black in color; they wear dark patterns and strike stone chimes. Their weapon is a broken spear; their domestic animal is pigs; he holds court at Taitemiao, Xuantang. Order officials: "Do not carry out earthworks, do not disturb dwellings or mobilize the people." This is called disturbing the treasures of Heaven and Earth; all hibernating creatures will die, and the people will suffer from epidemics, followed by death. Urgently capture thieves and bandits, execute those who commit lewdness, fraud, or forgery; this month is called Fu Yue. Order the palace official to reinforce palace orders, inspect gates and alleys, be cautious about rooms and houses, ensure they are firmly closed, and reduce domestic affairs of women. Then order the chief brewer: glutinous rice and millet must be complete, malt must be prepared at proper times, fermentation vessels must be clean, water sources must be fragrant, pottery must be of high quality, fire control must be precise—there must be no mistakes. The Son of Heaven orders officials to perform sacrifices for the Four Seas, great rivers, and famous lakes. In this month, if farmers do not store or accumulate provisions, or allow cattle, horses, and livestock to be lost or released, they may be taken without inquiry. In forests, marshes, and lakes, those who can gather wild food or hunt game in the fields are taught by the field officials. Those who encroach upon or seize from others will be punished without pardon. In this month, the day is shortest; yin and yang contend. The virtuous must fast and purify themselves, remain secluded, keep their bodies still, avoid music and beauty, restrain desires, preserve health, and maintain peace of mind and body. In this month, Liting sprouts; yun begins to grow; earthworms coil up; the antlers of mil deer fall off; when water sources stir, cut down trees and harvest bamboo arrows. Dismiss officials with no duties and discard useless tools. Seal palace gates and alleys; build prisons—these actions assist in closing Heaven's and Earth's cycle. If summer orders are carried out during this second winter month, then the country suffers from drought; haze and fog obscure everything, and thunder begins to sound. If autumn orders are carried out, rain falls at improper times, gourds do not mature, and the country faces a great military conflict. If spring orders are carried out then pests destroy crops; water sources become salty or dry up, and the people suffer many diseases. In the eleventh month, the official in charge is Duwei; its tree corresponds to za (Ziziphus jujuba).
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季冬之月，招搖指醜，昏婁中，旦氐中，其位北方，其日壬癸，其蟲介，其音羽，律中大呂，其數六，其味堿，其臭腐，其祀井，祭先腎。雁北向，鵲加巢，雉雊，雞呼卵。天子衣黑衣，乘鐵驪，服玄玉，建玄旗，食麥與彘，服八風水，爨松燧火。北宮御女黑色，衣黑采，擊磬石。其兵鎩，其畜彘。朝于玄堂右個。命有司，大儺旁磔，出土牛。命漁師始漁，天子親往射漁，先薦寢廟。令民出五種，令農計耦耕事，修耒耜，具田器。命樂師大合吹而罷。乃命四監，收秩薪，以供寢廟及百祀之薪燎。是月也，日窮於次，月窮于紀，星周天子，歲將更始，令靜農民，無有所使，天子乃與公、卿、大夫飾國典，論時令，以待嗣歲之宜。乃命太史，次諸侯之列，賦之犧牲，以供皇天上帝社稷之芻享。乃命同姓之國，供寢廟之芻豢；卿、士、大夫至於庶民，供山林名川之祀。季冬行秋令，則白露早降，介蟲為䄏，四鄙入保。行春令，則胎夭傷，國多痼疾，命之曰逆。行夏令，則水潦敗國，時雪不降，冰凍消釋。十二月官獄，其樹櫟。 |
| | In the last month of winter, the handle of the Dipper aims at Chou; at dusk, the star Lou is central; at dawn, the star Di is central. Its position corresponds to the north; its days are Ren and Gui; its creatures have shells; its tone is Yu; it corresponds to the pitch pipe Dali; its number is six; its flavor is salty; its smell is putrid; its deity of worship is Jing; ancestors' kidneys are honored in sacrifice. Wild geese face north, magpies add to their nests, pheasants call out, and hens cluck for eggs. The Son of Heaven wears black robes, rides a black horse named Teli, adorns himself with dark jade, raises a black banner, eats wheat and pork, drinks water from the Eight Winds, and uses pine wood for fire. The concubine in charge of the Northern Palace is dark-complexioned; she wears black patterns on her clothes and strikes stone chimes. Its weapons are broken, and its livestock consists of pigs. He holds court in the right wing of the Xuantang Hall. The Son of Heaven commands officials to perform a grand ritual to drive away evil spirits, displaying effigies on all sides and unearthing the earth oxen. The Son of Heaven commands fishers to begin fishing, personally goes to shoot fish, and first offers them at the ancestral temple. He orders the people to prepare five types of seeds, instructs farmers to plan paired farming tasks, repair hoes and plows, and prepare field tools. He commands music masters to hold a grand wind instrument performance and then dismiss it. Then he orders the four supervisors to collect firewood in order to supply the ancestral temple and the firewood needed for all sacrificial rites. In this month, the sun reaches its end in its cycle; the moon completes its cycle of records; stars complete their circuit around the Son of Heaven. The year is about to begin anew. He issues orders for farmers to remain still and not be assigned tasks. The Son of Heaven then joins with marquises, ministers, and officials to review state rituals and discuss seasonal decrees in preparation for what is appropriate in the coming new year. He then commands the Grand Historian to arrange the ranks of feudal lords, assign them sacrificial animals, and provide offerings for Heaven, Earth, and the state altars. He then commands the same-clan states to supply fodder and livestock for ancestral temple sacrifices; Ministers, scholars, officials down to commoners provide offerings at famous mountains and rivers. If autumn orders are executed during the last winter month, white dew will fall early; shelled creatures become pests, and people from all four borders retreat to fortified places. If spring orders are executed then embryos die prematurely, the country suffers many chronic diseases, and this is called "rebellion." If summer orders are executed, floods damage the land; timely snow does not fall, and ice melts prematurely. In the twelfth month, the official in charge corresponds to Yu (the prison official); its tree is the zelkova (Loki).
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五位，東方之極，自碣石山過朝鮮，貫大人之國，東至日出之次，木之地，青土樹木之野，太皞、句芒之所司者，萬二千里。其令曰：挺群禁，開閉闔，通窮窒，達障塞，行優遊，棄怨惡，解役罪，免憂患，休罰刑，開關梁，宣出財，和外怨，撫四方，行柔惠，止剛強。南方之極，自北戶孫之外，貫顓頊之國，南至委火炎風之野，赤帝、祝融之所司者，萬二千里。其令曰：爵有德，賞有功，惠賢良，救饑渴，舉力農，振貧窮，惠孤寡，憂疲疾，出大祿，行大賞，起毀宗，立無後，封建侯，立賢輔。中央之極，自昆侖東絕兩恒山，日月之所道，江漢之所出，眾民之野，五穀之所宜，龍門、河、濟相貫，以息壤堙洪水之州，東至碣石，黃帝、後土之所司者，萬二千里。其令曰：平而不阿，明而不苛，包裹覆露，無不囊懷，溥汜無私，正靜以和，行稃鬻，養老衰，吊死問疾，以送萬物之歸。西方之極，自昆侖絕流沙、沈羽，西至三危之國，石城金室，飲氣之民，不死之野，少皞、蓐收之所司者，萬二千里。其令曰：審用法，誅必辜，備盜賊，禁奸邪，飾群牧，謹著聚，修城郭，補決竇，塞蹊徑，遏溝瀆，止流水，雝溪穀，守門閭，陳兵甲，選百官，誅不法。北方之極，自九澤窮夏晦之極，北至令正之穀，有凍寒積冰、雪雹霜霰、漂潤群水之野，顓頊、玄冥之所司者，萬二千里。其令曰：申群禁，固閉藏，修障塞，繕關梁，禁外徙，斷罰刑，殺當罪，閉關閭，大搜客，止交遊，禁夜樂，蚤閉晏開，以塞奸人。已德，執之必固。天節已幾，刑殺無赦，雖有盛尊之親，斷以法度。毋行水，毋發藏，毋釋罪。 |
| | The fifth region, the extreme east, begins from Jieshi Mountain across Chaoxian, through the land of Daren, extending eastward to where the sun rises. It is a land of wood and green soil, a wilderness of trees; it is governed by Taigao and Goumang, spanning twelve thousand li. The decree states: lift all prohibitions, open and close as needed, clear blockages, remove obstructions, allow free movement, abandon grudges and hatred, release those in bondage or guilt, relieve worries and dangers, suspend punishments and penalties, open gates and bridges, distribute wealth outwardly, reconcile external grievances, pacify the four directions, practice gentleness and grace, and restrain rigidity and strength. The southernmost region, beginning beyond the northern gate of Beihu Sun, passing through the land of Zhuanxu, extending southward to the wilds of Weihuo Yanfeng; it is governed by Chi Di and Zhurong, spanning twelve thousand li. The decree states: bestow titles on the virtuous, reward those with merit, honor the wise and good, relieve hunger and thirst, promote diligent farmers, assist the poor and destitute, care for orphans and widows, concern oneself with the weary and sick, grant great salaries, offer generous rewards, restore ruined clans, support those without descendants, establish marquises and dukes, and appoint virtuous assistants. The central region, extending from Kunlun in the east to both Heng Mountains, along the paths of sun and moon, where rivers Jiang and Han originate; it is a land for all people, suitable for five grains. The Longmen Gorge, Yellow River, and Ji River interconnect, using fertile soil to block floodwaters across regions, extending eastward to Jieshi Mountain. It is governed by Huangdi and Houtu, spanning twelve thousand li. The decree states: be fair without bias, clear but not harsh; encompass and shelter all things, embracing them within one's care. Be universally impartial, upright, tranquil, and harmonious. Provide food for the weak, support the elderly and infirm, mourn the dead, visit the sick, thus assisting in the return of all beings to their proper ends. The westernmost region, beginning from Kunlun beyond the drifting sands and Shenyu, extending westward to the land of Sanwei; it is a place of stone cities and golden halls, inhabited by people who breathe air, in a wilderness where death does not occur. It is governed by Shaogao and Rushou, spanning twelve thousand li. The decree states: carefully apply the law, punish only those guilty; prepare against thieves and robbers, prohibit evildoers. Manage herds properly, be cautious in storing goods, repair city walls, mend broken dikes, block paths, control canals, stop flowing water, dam valleys, guard gates and alleys, display weapons and armor, select officials, and punish lawbreakers. The northernmost region, beginning from the nine lakes at the end of summer and extending to the extreme north where it reaches Lingzheng Valley; it is a wilderness of freezing cold, accumulated ice, snow, hail, frost, and sleet, with drifting moisture over water. It is governed by Zhuanxu and Xueming, spanning twelve thousand li. The decree states: reinforce all prohibitions, ensure thorough concealment and storage; repair obstructions and blockages; maintain gates and bridges; prohibit outward migration; impose strict punishments and penalties; execute those properly convicted of crimes; close gates and alleys tightly; conduct large-scale inspections of travelers; halt social gatherings; ban evening entertainments; open late and close early, in order to prevent evildoers. Once virtue is attained, it must be firmly upheld. When the heavenly order has been clearly established, punishments and executions are not pardoned; even if one is a highly respected relative, judgment must be rendered according to law. Do not release water, do not unearth treasures, do not pardon crimes.
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六合：孟春與孟秋為合，仲春與仲秋為合，季春與季秋為合，孟夏與孟冬為合，仲夏與仲冬為合，季夏與季冬為合。孟春始贏，孟秋始縮；仲春始出，仲秋始內；季春大出，季秋大內；孟夏始緩，孟冬始急；仲夏至修，仲冬至短；季夏德畢，季冬刑畢。故正月失政，七月涼風不至；二月失政，八月雷不藏；三月失政，九月不下霜；四月失政，十月不凍；五月失政，十一月蟄蟲冬出其鄉；六月失政，十二月草木不脫；七月失政，正月大寒不解；八月失政，二月雷不發；九月失政，三月春風不濟；十月失政，四月草木不實；十一月失政，五月下雹霜；十二月失政，六月五穀疾狂。春行夏令，泄；行秋令，水；行冬令，肅。夏行春令，風；行秋令，蕪；行冬令，格。秋行夏令，華；行春令，榮；行冬令，耗。冬行春令，泄；行夏令，旱；行秋令，霧。 |
| | The Six Harmonies: the first spring month harmonizes with the first autumn month; the second spring month with the second autumn month; the third spring month with the third autumn month; the first summer month with the first winter month; the second summer month with the second winter month; and the third summer month with the third winter month. The first spring month begins expansion, while the first autumn month begins contraction; The second spring month begins outward movement, while the second autumn month begins inward retreat; The third spring month marks great outward expansion, and the third autumn month marks great inward contraction; The first summer month begins relaxation, while the first winter month begins urgency; The second summer month reaches full growth, and the second winter month reaches its shortest point; In the third summer month virtue is complete, while in the third winter month punishment concludes. Therefore, if governance falters in the first month, cool winds will not arrive in the seventh month; If governance fails in the second month, thunder will not subside in the eighth month; If governance is neglected in the third month, frost will not fall in the ninth month; If governance falters in the fourth month, water will not freeze in the tenth month; If governance fails in the fifth month, insects that should hibernate will emerge from their winter dwellings in the eleventh month; If governance is neglected in the sixth month, grass and trees will not shed leaves or fruit in the twelfth month; If governance falters in the seventh month, severe cold will persist without relief in the first month. If governance fails in the eighth month, thunder will not sound in the second month; If governance is neglected in the ninth month, spring winds will fail to arrive in the third month; If governance falters in the tenth month, grass and trees will bear no fruit or flowers in the fourth month; If governance fails in the eleventh month, hail and frost will fall in the fifth month; If governance is neglected in the twelfth month, five grains will grow wild and untamed in the sixth month. If summer orders are carried out in spring, it causes excessive release; if autumn orders are executed, water prevails; if winter orders are carried out, rigidity and severity occur. If spring orders are executed in summer, winds prevail; if autumn orders are carried out, weeds grow unchecked; if winter orders are executed, rigidity occurs. If summer orders are carried out in autumn, flowers bloom prematurely; if spring orders are executed, plants flourish abnormally; if winter orders are carried out too early, resources are wasted. If spring orders are executed in winter, it causes excessive release; if summer orders are carried out, warmth prevails; if autumn orders are executed, dryness occurs. if summer orders are executed, drought results; if autumn orders are carried out in winter, fog occurs.
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制度陰陽，大制有六度，天為繩，地為准，春為規，夏為衡，秋為矩，冬為權。繩者，所以繩萬物也；准者，所以准萬物也；規者，所以員萬物也；衡者，所以平萬物也；矩者，所以方萬物也；權者，所以權萬物也。繩之為度也，直而不爭，修而不窮，久而不弊，遠而不忘，與天合德，與神合明，所欲則得，所惡則亡，自古及今，不可移匡，厥德孔密，廣大以容，是故上帝以為物宗。准之以為度也，平而不險，均而不阿，廣大以容，寬裕以和，柔而不剛，銳而不挫，流而不滯，易而不穢，發通而有紀，周密而不泄，准平而不失，萬物皆平，民無險謀，怨惡不生，是故上帝以為物平。規之為度也，轉而不復，員而不垸，優而不縱，廣大以寬，感動有理，發通有紀，優優簡簡，百怨不起。規度不失，生氣乃理。衡之為度也，緩而不後，平而不怨，施而不德，吊而不責，當平民祿，以繼不足，勃勃陽陽，唯德是行，養長化育，萬物蕃昌，以成五穀，以實封疆，其政不失，天地乃明。矩之為度也，肅而不悖，剛而不憒，取而無怨，內而無害，威厲而不懾，令行而不廢，殺伐既得，仇敵乃克，矩正不失，百誅乃服。權之為度也，急而不贏，殺而不割，充滿以貫，周密而不泄，敗物而弗取，罪殺而不赦，誠信以必，堅愨以固，糞除苛慝，不可以曲，故冬正將行，必弱以強，必柔以剛，權正而不失，萬物乃藏。明堂之制，靜而法准，動而法繩，春治以規，秋治以矩，冬治以權，夏治以衡，是故燥濕寒暑以節至，甘雨膏露以時降。 |
| | The system of yin and yang is governed by six great measures: Heaven serves as the standard, Earth as the level; spring corresponds to the compass, summer to the balance, autumn to the square, and winter to the weight. The "standard" is used to regulate all things; the "level" is used to measure all things; the "compass" is used to make all things round; the "balance" is used to equalize all things; the "square" is used to make all things square; the "weight" is used to weigh and determine the value of all things. The "standard" as a measure is upright and impartial, enduring without depletion, lasting without failure, distant yet never forgotten. It harmonizes virtue with Heaven and wisdom with the divine; what it desires comes to pass, and what it dislikes perishes. From ancient times to today, its influence cannot be altered or constrained. Its virtue is profoundly subtle, vast and inclusive—thus, the Supreme Deity regards it as the source of all things. The "level" as a measure is even and not treacherous, balanced without bias; it is vast and inclusive, generous and harmonious, soft yet not weak, sharp yet unbroken, flowing without stagnation, simple yet unstained. It opens freely while maintaining order, is meticulous without leakage, remains level without deviation. All things are thus equalized; the people have no treacherous schemes, and grievances or hatred do not arise. Thus, the Supreme Deity considers it the principle of equilibrium for all things. The "compass" as a measure turns without returning, is round but not stagnant; it flows smoothly without excess. It is vast and open, moves with reason, opens freely while maintaining order—gentle yet restrained. Thus, no grievances arise among the people. If the compass measure remains unerring, vital energies are properly regulated. The "balance" as a measure is relaxed yet not delayed, even-handed without resentment; it bestows benefits without seeking virtue in return, comforts the grieving without blame. It fairly distributes wealth to those lacking, ensuring vitality and brightness. Virtue alone prevails, nurturing growth and cultivation so that all things flourish abundantly, producing five grains and filling borders with abundance. If governance remains unerring, Heaven and Earth become clear and harmonious. The "square" as a measure is severe yet not disorderly, firm yet not cruel; it takes without resentment and contains without harm. Its authority is awe-inspiring but does not intimidate; its commands are carried out without failure. When punishment is justly executed, enemies are subdued. If the square remains upright and unerring, all punishments will be accepted as justified. The "weight" as a measure is urgent yet not excessive, severe yet not cruel. It fills completely and thoroughly, meticulous without leakage; it destroys but does not take for itself, executes criminals without pardon. Its sincerity is certain, its resolve firm and steadfast. It removes harshness and evil, never bending to injustice. Thus, when winter's order begins, the weak become strong, the soft become firm. If the weight remains upright and unerring, then all things will be properly stored away. The system of the Mingtang Hall is still and follows the level, active and follows the standard. In spring it operates according to the compass; in autumn according to the square; in winter according to the weight; in summer according to the balance. Thus, dryness, moisture, cold, and heat arrive seasonally, while sweet rains and nourishing dews fall at their proper times.
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