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宾牟贾起，免席而请曰：“夫《武》之备戒之已久，则既闻命矣，敢问：迟之迟而又久，何也？” |
| Yue Ji: |
Bin-mao Jia rose up, left his mat, and addressed Confucius, saying, 'On the long-continued warning (of the drum) in the Wu, I have heard your instructions; but let me ask how it is that after that first delay there is another, and that a long one?' |
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子曰：“居！吾语汝。夫乐者，象成者也；总干而山立，武王之事也；发扬蹈厉，大公之志也。《武》乱皆坐，周、召之治也。且夫《武》，始而北出，再成而灭商。三成而南，四成而南国是疆，五成而分周公左召公右，六成复缀以崇。天子夹振之而驷伐，盛威于中国也。分夹而进，事早济也，久立于缀，以待诸侯之至也。 |
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The Master said, 'Sit down, and I will tell you. Music is a representation of accomplished facts. The pantomimes stand with their shields, each erect and firm as a hill, representing the attitude of king Wu. The violent movements of the arms and fierce stamping represent the enthusiasm of Tai-gong. The kneeling of all at the conclusion of the performance represents the government (of peace, instituted) by (the dukes of) Zhou and Shao. Moreover, the pantomimes in the first movement proceed towards the north (to imitate the marching of king Wu against Shang); in the second, they show the extinction of Shang; in the third, they show the return march to the south; in the fourth, they show the laying out of the Southern states; in the fifth, they show how (the dukes of) Zhou and Shao were severally put in charge of the states on the left and right; in the sixth, they again unite at the point of starting to offer their homage to the son of Heaven. Two men, one on each side of the performers, excite them with bells, and four times they stop and strike and thrust, showing the great awe with which (king Wu) inspired the Middle states. Their advancing with these men on each side shows his eagerness to complete his helpful undertaking. The performers standing long together show how he waited for the arrival of the princes. |
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且女独未闻牧野之语乎？武王克殷反商。未及下车而封黄帝之后于蓟，封帝尧之后于祝，封帝舜之后于陈。下车而封夏后氏之后于杞，投殷之后于宋。封王子比干之墓，释箕子之囚，使之行商容而复其位。庶民弛政，庶士倍禄。济河而西，马散之华山之阳，而弗复乘；牛散之桃林之野，而弗复服。车甲衅而藏之府库，而弗复用。倒载干戈，包之以虎皮；将帅之士，使为诸侯；名之曰建櫜。然后知武王之不复用兵也。散军而郊射，左射狸首，右射驺虞，而贯革之射息也。裨冕搢笏，而虎贲之士说剑也。祀乎明堂而民知孝。朝觐然后诸侯知所以臣，耕藉然后诸侯知所以敬。五者，天下之大教也。 |
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'And have you alone not heard the accounts of Mu-ye? King Wu, after the victory over Yin, proceeded to (the capital of) Shang; and before he descended from his chariot he invested the descendants of Huang Di with Ji; those of the Di Yao with Zhu; and those of the Di Shun with Chen. When he had descended from it, he invested the descendant of the sovereign of Xia with Qi; appointed the descendants of Yin to Song; raised a mound over the grave of the king's son, Bi-gan; released the count of Ji from his imprisonment, and employed him to restore to their places the officers who were acquainted with the ceremonial usages of Shang. The common people were relieved from (the pressure) of the (bad) government which they had endured, and the emoluments of the multitude of (smaller) officers were doubled. (The king then) crossed the He, and proceeded to the West. His horses were set free on the south of mount Hua, not to be yoked again. His oxen were dispersed in the wild of the Peach forest, not to be put to the carriages again. His chariots and coats of mail were smeared with blood, and despatched to his arsenals, not to be used again. The shields and spears were turned upside down and conveyed away, wrapped in tiger skins, which were styled "the appointed cases." The leaders and commanders were then constituted feudal lords; and it was known throughout the kingdom that king Wu would have recourse to weapons of war no more. The army having been disbanded (the king commanded) a practice of archery at the colleges in the suburbs. At the college on the left (or east) they shot to the music of the Li-shou; at that on the right (or west) they shot to the music of the Zou-yu; and (from this time) the archery which consisted in going through (so many) buffcoats ceased. They wore (only) their civil robes and caps, with their ivory tokens of rank stuck in their girdles; and the officers of the guard put off their swords. (The king) offered sacrifice in the Hall of Distinction, and the people learned to be filial. He gave audiences at court, and the feudal lords knew how they ought to demean themselves. He ploughed in the field set apart for that purpose, and the lords learned what should be the object of reverence to them (in their states), These five things constituted great lessons for the whole kingdom.' |
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食三老五更于大学，天子袒而割牲，执酱而馈，执爵而酳，冕而总干，所以教诸侯之弟也。若此则周道四达，礼乐交通。则夫《武》之迟久，不亦宜乎！” |
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In feasting the three (classes of the) old and the five (classes of the) experienced in the Great college, he himself (the son of Heaven) had his breast bared and cut up the animals. He (also) presented to them the condiments and the cups. He wore the royal cap, and stood with a shield before him. In this way he taught the lords their brotherly duties. In this manner the ways of Zhou penetrated everywhere, and the interaction of ceremonies and music was established - is it not right that in the performance of the Wu there should be that gradual and long-continuing action?' |
