| | 當賞: |
四曰── |
| | Fourthly──
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| | 當賞: |
民無道知天，民以四時寒暑日月星辰之行知天。四時寒暑日月星辰之行當，則諸生有血氣之類皆為得其處而安其產。人臣亦無道知主，人臣以賞罰爵祿之所加知主。主之賞罰爵祿之所加者宜，則親疏遠近賢不肖皆盡其力而以為用矣。 |
| | The people do not know Heaven through morality; the people come to know Heaven by observing the movements of the four seasons, cold and heat, sun and moon, stars and constellations. When the movements of the four seasons, the cold and heat, the sun, moon, stars, and constellations are in harmony, then all living things with blood and breath find their proper place and enjoy peace in their existence. Ministers do not know their ruler through morality; ministers come to know their ruler by observing the rewards, punishments, titles, and emoluments bestowed upon them. When a ruler's rewards, punishments, titles, and grants of emoluments are appropriate, then both close relatives and distant subjects, the virtuous and the unworthy, will all exert their utmost efforts to be of use.
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| | 當賞: |
晉文公反國，賞從亡者，而陶狐不與。左右曰：「君反國家，爵祿三出，而陶狐不與。敢問其說。」文公曰：「輔我以義、導我以禮者，吾以為上賞。教我以善、彊我以賢者，吾以為次賞。拂吾所欲、數舉吾過者，吾以為末賞。三者所以賞有功之臣也。若賞唐國之勞徒，則陶狐將為首矣。」周內史興聞之曰：「晉公其霸乎！昔者聖王先德而後力，晉公其當之矣。」 |
| | When Duke Wen of Jin returned to his state, he rewarded those who had followed him into exile, but Tao Hu was not included among them. The attendants said: "Your Highness has returned to your state and issued three rounds of titles and emoluments, yet Tao Hu is still not included." We dare to ask for an explanation." Duke Wen said: "Those who assist me with righteousness and guide me according to propriety, I consider them worthy of the highest reward. Those who teach me goodness and strengthen me in virtue, I consider them deserving of a secondary reward. Those who oppose my desires and frequently point out my faults, I regard as only deserving the lowest level of reward. These three categories are how I reward meritorious ministers. If I were to reward only the laborers from Tangguo, then Tao Hu would certainly be first." Zhou Neishi Xing heard this and said: "Duke of Jin is about to become a hegemon! In the past, sage kings valued virtue before merit, and Duke of Jin truly embodies this principle."
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| | 當賞: |
秦小主夫人用奄變，群賢不說自匿，百姓鬱怨非上。公子連亡在魏，聞之，欲入，因群臣與民從鄭所之塞。右主然守塞，弗入，曰：「臣有義，不兩主。公子勉去矣。」公子連去，入翟，從焉氏塞，菌改入之。夫人聞之，大駭，令吏興卒，奉命曰：「寇在邊。」卒與吏其始發也，皆曰「往擊寇」，中道因變曰：「非擊寇也，迎主君也。」公子連因與卒俱來，至雍，圍夫人，夫人自殺。公子連立，是為獻公，怨右主然而將重罪之，德菌改而欲厚賞之。監突爭之曰：「不可。秦公子之在外者眾，若此則人臣爭入亡公子矣。此不便主。」獻公以為然，故復右主然之罪，而賜菌改官大夫，賜守塞者人米二十石。獻公可謂能用賞罰矣。凡賞非以愛之也，罰非以惡之也，用觀歸也。所歸善，雖惡之賞；所歸不善，雖愛之罰；此先王之所以治亂安危也。 |
| | Lady Xiao Zhufu of Qin used eunuchs to effect a palace coup, causing virtuous officials to become discontented and hide themselves, while the common people harbored resentment and criticized their superiors. Prince Lian had fled to Wei and, upon hearing of this, wished to return. He therefore led a group of ministers and commoners through the pass near Zheng. You Zhuran, the commander guarding the pass, refused to let them in, saying: "I have my sense of duty; I cannot serve two masters. Prince, you should depart and seek elsewhere." Prince Lian departed and went to Di, following the Yanzhi Pass, where Jun Gai allowed him entry. Upon hearing of this, Lady Xiao Zhufu was greatly alarmed and ordered officials to raise troops, issuing a decree that said: "Bandits are at the frontier." When the soldiers and officials first set out, they all said, "We are going to attack the bandits," but halfway along the route, they changed their words, saying: "It is not to attack bandits; it is to welcome our rightful ruler." Prince Lian thus came along with the soldiers, arriving at Yong, where they surrounded Lady Xiao Zhufu. She committed suicide. Prince Lian was installed as ruler and became King Xian. He bore resentment toward You Zhuran and intended to impose a severe punishment upon him, but he esteemed Jun Gai and wished to bestow generous rewards on him. Jian Tu argued: "No, that is not acceptable. There are many of the Duke of Qin's sons living in exile abroad; if we act this way, then officials will compete to bring in fugitive princes. This would be detrimental to the ruler." King Xian considered this advice correct, so he pardoned You Zhuran's offense and bestowed an official title of Guan Dafu upon Jun Gai. He also granted twenty dan of rice to each of the pass guards. King Xian can truly be said to have been capable in the use of rewards and punishments. Rewards are not given out of affection, nor punishments out of hatred; they are used to observe where loyalty and righteousness lie. If one's allegiance is virtuous, even if I personally dislike them, they should be rewarded; If one's allegiance is not virtuous, even if I hold them dear, they must be punished; This was how the sage kings of old managed order and chaos, ensured stability and averted danger.
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