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三曰── |
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以貴富有人易，以貧賤有人難。今晉文公出亡，周流天下，窮矣賤矣，而介子推不去，有以有之也。反國有萬乘，而介子推去之，無以有之也。能其難，不能其易，此文公之所以不王也。晉文公反國，介子推不肯受賞，自為賦詩曰：「有龍于飛，周遍天下。五蛇從之，為之丞輔。龍反其鄉，得其處所。四蛇從之，得其露雨。一蛇羞之，橋死於中野，懸書公門，而伏於山下。」文公聞之曰：「譆！此必介子推也。」避舍變服，令士庶人曰：「有能得介子推者，爵上卿，田百萬。」或遇之山中，負釜蓋簦，問焉曰：「請問介子推安在？」應之曰：「夫介子推苟不欲見而欲隱，吾獨焉知之？」遂背而行，終身不見。人心之不同，豈不甚哉？今世之逐利者，早朝晏退，焦脣乾嗌，日夜思之，猶未之能得，今得之而務疾逃之，介子推之離俗遠矣。 |
| | It is easy to have people when one is wealthy and noble, but difficult to have people when one is poor and lowly. Now that Duke Wen of Jin was in exile, wandering the world, he was destitute and lowly. Yet Jie Zitui did not leave him; there must have been a reason for this. When the state returned and possessed ten thousand chariots, Jie Zitui left it; there was no reason to remain with it. To be able to do what is difficult and not to be able to do what is easy—this is why Duke Wen did not become a king. When Duke Wen of Jin returned to his state, Jie Zitui refused to accept a reward. He composed a poem for himself saying: "There is a dragon in flight, circling the world." Five snakes follow it, serving as its assistants and ministers. The dragon returns to its native land, finding its proper place. Four snakes follow it, receiving their share of dew and rain. One snake is ashamed; he perishes in the wilderness, hangs a scroll at the public gate, and lies hidden beneath the mountain. " Duke Wen heard this and said, "Ah! This must be Jie Zitui. " He changed his residence and attire, and issued an order to the officials and common people: "Whoever can find Jie Zitui shall be granted the rank of top minister and a hundred thousand acres of farmland." Someone encountered him in the mountains, carrying a pot, an umbrella, and a bamboo staff. He asked, saying: "May I ask where Jie Zitui is?" He replied, "If Jie Zitui does not wish to be seen and desires seclusion, how could I alone know where he is?" He then turned his back and walked away, never seeing him again for the rest of his life. How greatly human hearts differ! Those of the present age who pursue profit rise early and retire late, their lips parched and throats dry from ceaseless striving; they think of it day and night yet still cannot obtain it. Now that they have obtained it, they urgently seek to escape from it—how far removed Jie Zitui was from such worldly concerns!
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東方有士焉曰爰旌目，將有適也，而餓於道。狐父之盜曰丘，見而下壺餐以餔之。爰旌目三餔之而後能視，曰：「子何為者也？」曰：「我狐父之人丘也。」爰旌目曰：「譆！汝非盜邪？胡為而食我？吾義不食子之食也。」兩手據地而吐之，不出，喀喀然遂伏地而死。鄭人之下𩌲也，莊蹻之暴郢也，秦人之圍長平也，韓、荊、趙，此三國者之將帥貴人皆多驕矣，其士卒眾庶皆多壯矣，因相暴以相殺，脆弱者拜請以避死，其卒遞而相食，不辨其義，冀幸以得活。如爰旌目已食而不死矣，惡其義而不肯不死，今此相為謀，豈不遠哉？ |
| | In the east there was a scholar named Yuan Jingmu, who was about to travel elsewhere but starved on the road. A bandit from Hufu named Qiu saw him and descended with a pot of food to give it to him. Yuan Jingmu was given three portions before he could see clearly, and said: "What is your occupation?" He replied: "I am Qiu from Hufu." Yuan Jingmu said, "Ah! Are you not a bandit?" Why then are you feeding me? I will not eat food from a bandit, for it is against my principles." He placed both hands on the ground and tried to vomit it out, but could not; with a gurgling sound, he fell to the ground and died. The people of Zheng under the siege of Hanyang, Zhuang Qiao's violent capture of Ying, and the Qin forces surrounding Changping—during these events in the states of Han, Jing, and Zhao, the generals and nobles of these three states were all arrogant, their soldiers and common folk numerous and strong. They attacked and killed one another; the weak prostrated themselves to beg for mercy and escape death, while ultimately they took turns devouring each other, unable to discern righteousness, hoping only for a chance to survive. Like Yuan Jingmu, who had eaten and yet did not die, he despised the bandit's act of kindness and refused to live with it. In contrast, those who plotted against each other in these wars—how far removed they were from such righteousness!
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