| | 有始: |
一曰── |
| | Firstly──
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| | 有始: |
天地有始。天微以成，地塞以形。天地合和，生之大經也。以寒暑日月晝夜知之，以殊形殊能異宜說之。夫物合而成，離而生。知合知成，知離知生，則天地平矣。平也者，皆當察其情，處其形。 |
| | Heaven and Earth have a beginning. Heaven is subtle to become complete, Earth is filled to take form. The union and harmony of Heaven and Earth are the great principle of life. It is known through cold and heat, sun and moon, day and night; it is explained by different forms, different abilities, and varying suitability. Things unite to form, separate to give birth. Knowing union and formation, knowing separation and generation, then Heaven and Earth will be in harmony. Harmony means that one must carefully observe their nature and place their forms appropriately.
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| | 有始: |
天有九野，地有九州，土有九山，山有九塞，澤有九藪，風有八等，水有六川。 |
| | Heaven has nine fields, Earth has nine provinces, land has nine mountains, each mountain has nine passes, marshes have nine lakes, winds have eight categories, and water has six rivers.
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| | 有始: |
何謂九野？中央曰鈞天，其星角、亢、氐。東方曰蒼天，其星房、心、尾。東北曰變天，其星箕、斗、牽牛。北方曰玄天，其星婺女、虛、危、營室。西北曰幽天，其星東壁、奎、婁。西方曰顥天，其星胃、昴、畢。西南曰朱天，其星觜嶲、參、東井。南方曰炎天，其星輿鬼、柳、七星。東南曰陽天，其星張、翼、軫。 |
| | What are the Nine Fields? The central one is called Jun Tian, its stars Jiao, Kang, and Di. The eastern one is called Cang Tian, its stars Fang, Xin, and Wei. The northeast one is called Bian Tian, its stars Ji, Dou, and Qianniu. The northern one is called Xuan Tian, its stars Wuniu, Xu, Wei, and Ying Shi. The northwest one is called You Tian, its stars Dongbi, Kui, and Lou. The western one is called Hao Tian, its stars Wei, Mao, and Bi. The southwest one is called Zhu Tian, its stars Zui Xi, Shen, and Dong Jing. The southern one is called Yan Tian, its stars Yugui, Liu, and Qixing. The southeast one is called Yang Tian, its stars Zhang, Yi, and Zhen.
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何謂九州？河、漢之間為豫州，周也。兩河之間為冀州，晉也。河、濟之間為兗州，衛也。東方為青州，齊也。泗上為徐州，魯也。東南為揚州，越也。南方為荊州，楚也。西方為雍州，秦也。北方為幽州，燕也。 |
| | What are the Nine Provinces? Between the Yellow River and Han River is Yu Zhou, which belongs to Zhou. Between the two rivers is Ji Zhou, which belongs to Jin. Between the Yellow River and the Ji River is Yan Zhou, which belongs to Wei. The eastern region is Qing Zhou, which belongs to Qi. The area above the Si River is Xu Zhou, which belongs to Lu. The southeast region is Yang Zhou, which belongs to Yue. The southern region is Jing Zhou, which belongs to Chu. The western region is Yong Zhou, which belongs to Qin. The northern region is You Zhou, which belongs to Yan.
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| | 有始: |
何謂九山？會稽，太山，王屋，首山，太華，岐山，太行，羊腸，孟門。 |
| | What are the Nine Mountains? The nine mountains are Kuaiji, Taishan, Wangwu, Shoushan, Taihua, Qishan, Taihang, Yangchang, and Mengmen.
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何謂九塞？大汾，冥阨，荊阮，方城，殽，井陘，令疵，句注，居庸。 |
| | What are the Nine Passes? The nine passes are Dafen, Minge, Jingruan, Fangcheng, Xiao, Jingxing, Lingci, Gouzhu, and Juyong.
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何謂九藪？吳之具區，楚之雲夢，秦之陽華，晉之大陸，梁之圃田，宋之孟諸，齊之海隅，趙之鉅鹿，燕之大昭。 |
| | What are the Nine Lakes? The nine lakes are Juqu in Wu, Yunmeng in Chu, Yanghua in Qin, Dalu in Jin, Putian in Liang, Mengzhu in Song, Haiyu in Qi, Julu in Zhao, and Dazhao in Yan.
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何謂八風？東北曰炎風，東方曰滔風，東南曰熏風，南方曰巨風，西南曰淒風，西方曰飂風，西北曰厲風，北方曰寒風。 |
| | What are the Eight Winds? The northeast wind is called Yan Feng, the eastern wind Tao Feng, the southeast wind Xun Feng, the southern wind Ju Feng, the southwest wind Qi Feng, the western wind Liu Feng, the northwest wind Li Feng, and the northern wind Han Feng.
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何謂六川？河水，赤水，遼水，黑水，江水，淮水。 |
| | What are the Six Rivers? The six rivers are He Shui (the Yellow River), Chi Shui, Liao Shui, Hei Shui, Jiang Shui (Yangtze River), and Huai Shui.
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| | 有始: |
凡四海之內，東西二萬八千里，南北二萬六千里，水道八千里，受水者亦八千里，通谷六，名川六百，陸注三千，小水萬數。 |
| | Within the four seas, from east to west it is 28,000 li, and from north to south it is 26,000 li. The waterways are 8,000 li long, and those receiving water are also 8,000 li in length. There are six major valleys, six hundred famous rivers, three thousand land channels, and tens of thousands of small streams.
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| | 有始: |
凡四極之內，東西五億有九萬七千里，南北亦五億有九萬七千里。 |
| | Within the four extremes, from east to west it spans five yi, ninety-seven thousand and nine hundred li, and likewise from north to south.
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| | 有始: |
極星與天俱游，而天極不移。 |
| | The pole star travels with Heaven, yet the celestial pole remains unmoved.
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| | 有始: |
冬至日行遠道，周行四極，命曰玄明。夏至日行近道，乃參於上。當樞之下無晝夜。白民之南，建木之下，日中無影，呼而無響，蓋天地之中也。 |
| | On the day of Winter Solstice, the sun takes a distant path and circles the four extremes; this is called Xuanming. On the day of Summer Solstice, the sun travels along a near path and aligns with the upper celestial sphere. Directly beneath the axis there are no days or nights. South of Baimin, under the Jianmu tree, at noon there is no shadow and a call produces no echo; this is said to be the center of Heaven and Earth.
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| | 有始: |
天地萬物，一人之身也，此之謂大同。眾耳目鼻口也，眾五穀寒暑也，此之謂眾異。則萬物備也。天斟萬物，聖人覽焉，以觀其類。解在乎天地之所以形，雷電之所以生，陰陽材物之精，人民禽獸之所安平。 |
| | Heaven and Earth with all things are like one person's body; this is called the Great Unity. The many ears, eyes, nose, and mouths are analogous to the five grains and cold-heat; this is called diversity among all things. Then all things are complete. Heaven distributes all things, and the sage observes them to discern their categories. The explanation lies in how Heaven and Earth take form, how thunder and lightning arise, the essence of Yin-Yang materials and things, and where people, birds, beasts find their peace and stability.
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