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《孟子 - Mengzi》 | [Warring States] 340 BC-250 BC English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《孟子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《公孙丑下 - Gong Sun Chou II》 | Books referencing 《公孙丑下》 Library Resources |
| 19 | 公孙丑下: | 孟子致为臣而归。王就见孟子，曰：“前日愿见而不可得，得侍，同朝甚喜。今又弃寡人而归，不识可以继此而得见乎？”对曰：“不敢请耳，固所愿也。” |
| Gong Sun Chou II: | Mencius gave up his office, and made arrangements for returning to his native State. The king came to visit him, and said, 'Formerly, I wished to see you, but in vain. Then, I got the opportunity of being by your side, and all my court joyed exceedingly along with me. Now again you abandon me, and are returning home. I do not know if hereafter I may expect to have another opportunity of seeing you.' Mencius replied, 'I dare not request permission to visit you at any particular time, but, indeed, it is what I desire.' | |
| 他日，王谓时子曰：“我欲中国而授孟子室，养弟子以万锺，使诸大夫国人皆有所矜式。子盍为我言之？” | ||
| Another day, the king said to the officer Shi, 'I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom, and to support his disciples with an allowance of 10,000 zhong, that all the officers and the people may have such an example to reverence and imitate. Had you not better tell him this for me?' | ||
| 时子因陈子而以告孟子，陈子以时子之言告孟子。孟子曰：“然。夫时子恶知其不可也？如使予欲富，辞十万而受万，是为欲富乎？季孙曰：‘异哉子叔疑！使己为政，不用，则亦已矣，又使其子弟为卿。人亦孰不欲富贵？而独于富贵之中，有私龙断焉。’古之为市也，以其所有易其所无者，有司者治之耳。有贱丈夫焉，必求龙断而登之，以左右望而罔市利。人皆以为贱，故从而征之。征商，自此贱丈夫始矣。 | ||
| Shi took advantage to convey this message by means of the disciple Chen, who reported his words to Mencius. Mencius said, 'Yes; but how should the officer Shi know that the thing could not be? Suppose that I wanted to be rich, having formerly declined 100,000 zhong, would my now accepting 10,000 be the conduct of one desiring riches? Ji Sun said, "A strange man was Zi Shu Yi. He pushed himself into the service of government. His prince declining to employ him, he had to retire indeed, but he again schemed that his son or younger brother should be made a high officer. Who indeed is there of men but wishes for riches and honour? But he only, among the seekers of these, tried to monopolize the conspicuous mound. "Of old time, the market-dealers exchanged the articles which they had for others which they had not, and simply had certain officers to keep order among them. It happened that there was a mean fellow, who made it a point to look out for a conspicuous mound, and get up upon it. Thence he looked right and left, to catch in his net the whole gain of the market. The people all thought his conduct mean, and therefore they proceeded to lay a tax upon his wares. The taxing of traders took its rise from this mean fellow."' |
《滕文公下 - Teng Wen Gong II》 | Library Resources |
| 15 | 滕文公下: | 匡章曰：“陈仲子岂不诚廉士哉？居于陵，三日不食，耳无闻，目无见也。井上有李，螬食实者过半矣，匍匐往将食之，三咽，然后耳有闻，目有见。” |
| Teng Wen Gong II: | Kuang Zhang said to Mencius, 'Is not Chen Zhong a man of true self-denying purity? He was living in Wu Ling, and for three days was without food, till he could neither hear nor see. Over a well there grew a plum-tree, the fruit of which had been more than half eaten by worms. He crawled to it, and tried to eat some of the fruit, when, after swallowing three mouthfuls, he recovered his sight and hearing.' | |
| 孟子曰：“于齐国之士，吾必以仲子为巨擘焉。虽然，仲子恶能廉？充仲子之操，则蚓而后可者也。夫蚓，上食槁壤，下饮黄泉。仲子所居之室，伯夷之所筑与？抑亦盗跖之所筑与？所食之粟，伯夷之所树与？抑亦盗跖之所树与？是未可知也。” | ||
| Mencius replied, 'Among the scholars of Qi, I must regard Zhong as the thumb among the fingers. But still, where is the self-denying purity he pretends to? To carry out the principles which he holds, one must become an earthworm, for so only can it be done. Now, an earthworm eats the dry mould above, and drinks the yellow spring below. Was the house in which Zhong dwells built by a Bo Yi? or was it built by a robber like Zhi? Was the millet which he eats planted by a Bo Yi? or was it planted by a robber like Zhi? These are things which cannot be known.' | ||
| 曰：“是何伤哉？彼身织屦，妻辟纑，以易之也。” | ||
| 'But,' said Zhang, 'what does that matter? He himself weaves sandals of hemp, and his wife twists and dresses threads of hemp to sell or exchange them.' | ||
| 曰：“仲子，齐之世家也。兄戴，盖禄万锺。以兄之禄为不义之禄而不食也，以兄之室为不义之室而不居也，辟兄离母，处于于陵。他日归，则有馈其兄生鹅者，己频顣曰：‘恶用是鶃鶃者为哉？’他日，其母杀是鹅也，与之食之。其兄自外至，曰：‘是鶃鶃之肉也。’出而哇之。以母则不食，以妻则食之；以兄之室则弗居，以于陵则居之。是尚为能充其类也乎？若仲子者，蚓而后充其操者也。” | ||
| Mencius rejoined, 'Zhong belongs to an ancient and noble family of Qi. His elder brother Dai received from Gai a revenue of 10,000 zhong, but he considered his brother's emolument to be unrighteous, and would not eat of it, and in the same way he considered his brother's house to be unrighteous, and would not dwell in it. Avoiding his brother and leaving his mother, he went and dwelt in Wu Ling. One day afterwards, he returned to their house, when it happened that some one sent his brother a present of a live goose. He, knitting his eyebrows, said, "What are you going to use that cackling thing for?" By-and-by his mother killed the goose, and gave him some of it to eat. Just then his brother came into the house, and said, "It is the flesh of that cackling thing," upon which he went out and vomited it. Thus, what his mother gave him he would not eat, but what his wife gives him he eats. He will not dwell in his brother's house, but he dwells in Wu Ling. How can he in such circumstances complete the style of life which he professes? With such principles as Zhong holds, a man must be an earthworm, and then he can carry them out.' |
《告子上 - Gaozi I》 | Library Resources |
| 10 | 告子上: | 孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也；死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者，何不用也？使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以辟患者，何不为也？由是则生而有不用也，由是则可以辟患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者，非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。嘑尔而与之，行道之人弗受；蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。万锺则不辨礼义而受之。万锺于我何加焉？为宫室之美、妻妾之奉、所识穷乏者得我与？乡为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之；乡为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之；乡为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之，是亦不可以已乎？此之谓失其本心。” |
| Gaozi I: | Mencius said, 'I like fish, and I also like bear's paws. If I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go, and take the bear's paws. So, I like life, and I also like righteousness. If I cannot keep the two together, I will let life go, and choose righteousness. I like life indeed, but there is that which I like more than life, and therefore, I will not seek to possess it by any improper ways. I dislike death indeed, but there is that which I dislike more than death, and therefore there are occasions when I will not avoid danger. If among the things which man likes there were nothing which he liked more than life, why should he not use every means by which he could preserve it? If among the things which man dislikes there were nothing which he disliked more than death, why should he not do everything by which he could avoid danger? There are cases when men by a certain course might preserve life, and they do not employ it; when by certain things they might avoid danger, and they will not do them. Therefore, men have that which they like more than life, and that which they dislike more than death. They are not men of distinguished talents and virtue only who have this mental nature. All men have it; what belongs to such men is simply that they do not lose it. Here are a small basket of rice and a platter of soup, and the case is one in which the getting them will preserve life, and the want of them will be death; if they are offered with an insulting voice, even a tramper will not receive them, or if you first tread upon them, even a beggar will not stoop to take them. And yet a man will accept of ten thousand zhong, without any consideration of propriety or righteousness. What can the ten thousand chung add to him? When he takes them, is it not that he may obtain beautiful mansions, that he may secure the services of wives and concubines, or that the poor and needy of his acquaintance may be helped by him? In the former case the offered bounty was not received, though it would have saved from death, and now the emolument is taken for the sake of beautiful mansions. The bounty that would have preserved from death was not received, and the emolument is taken to get the service of wives and concubines. The bounty that would have saved from death was not received, and the emolument is taken that one's poor and needy acquaintance may be helped by him. Was it then not possible likewise to decline this? This is a case of what is called "Losing the proper nature of one's mind."' |
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