| | 公孙丑上: |
公孙丑问曰：“夫子当路于齐，管仲、晏子之功，可复许乎？” |
| Gong Sun Chou I: |
Gong Sun Chou asked Mencius, saying, 'Master, if you were to obtain the ordering of the government in Qi, could you promise yourself to accomplish anew such results as those realized by Guan Zhong and Yan?' |
| | |
孟子曰：“子诚齐人也，知管仲、晏子而已矣。或问乎曾西曰；‘吾子与子路孰贤？’曾西蹴然曰：‘吾先子之所畏也。’曰：‘然则吾子与管仲孰贤？’曾西艴然不悦，曰：‘尔何曾比予于管仲？管仲得君，如彼其专也；行乎国政，如彼其久也；功烈，如彼其卑也。尔何曾比予于是？’”曰：“管仲，曾西之所不为也，而子为我愿之乎？” |
| |
Mencius said, 'You are indeed a true man of Qi. You know about Guan Zhong and Yan, and nothing more. Some one asked Zeng Xi, saying, "Sir, to which do you give the superiority, to yourself or to Zi Lu?" Zeng Zi looked uneasy, and said, "He was an object of veneration to my grandfather." "Then," pursued the other, "Do you give the superiority to yourself or to Guan Zhong?" Zeng Zi, flushed with anger and displeased, said, "How dare you compare me with Guan Zhong? Considering how entirely Guan Zhong possessed the confidence of his prince, how long he enjoyed the direction of the government of the State, and how low, after all, was what he accomplished - how is it that you liken me to him?" Thus,' concluded Mencius, 'Zeng Xi would not play Guan Zhong, and is it what you desire for me that I should do so?' |
| | |
曰：“管仲以其君霸，晏子以其君显。管仲、晏子犹不足为与？” |
| |
Gong Sun Chou said, 'Guan Zhong raised his prince to be the leader of all the other princes, and Yan made his prince illustrious, and do you still think it would not be enough for you to do what they did?' |
| | |
曰：“以齐王，由反手也。” |
| |
Mencius answered, 'To raise Qi to the royal dignity would be as easy as it is to turn round the hand.' |
| | |
曰：“若是，则弟子之惑滋甚。且以文王之德，百年而后崩，犹未洽于天下；武王、周公继之，然后大行。今言王若易然，则文王不足法与？” |
| |
'So!' returned the other. 'The perplexity of your disciple is hereby very much increased. There was king Wen, moreover, with all the virtue which belonged to him; and who did not die till he had reached a hundred years - and still his influence had not penetrated throughout the kingdom. It required king Wu and the duke of Zhou to continue his course, before that influence greatly prevailed. Now you say that the royal dignity might be so easily obtained - is king Wen then not a sufficient object for imitation?' |
| | |
曰：“文王何可当也？由汤至于武丁，贤圣之君六七作。天下归殷久矣，久则难变也。武丁朝诸侯有天下，犹运之掌也。纣之去武丁未久也，其故家遗俗，流风善政，犹有存者；又有微子、微仲、王子比干、箕子、胶鬲皆贤人也，相与辅相之，故久而后失之也。尺地莫非其有也，一民莫非其臣也，然而文王犹方百里起，是以难也。齐人有言曰：‘虽有智慧，不如乘势；虽有鎡基，不如待时。’ |
| |
Mencius said, 'How can king Wen be matched? From Tang to Wu Ding there had appeared six or seven worthy and sage sovereigns. The kingdom had been attached to Yin for a long time, and this length of time made a change difficult. Wu Ding had all the princes coming to his court, and possessed the kingdom as if it had been a thing which he moved round in his palm. Then, Zhou was removed from Wu Ding by no great interval of time. There were still remaining some of the ancient families and of the old manners, of the influence also which had emanated from the earlier sovereigns, and of their good government. Moreover, there were the viscount of Wei and his second son, their Royal Highnesses Bi Gan and the viscount of Qi, and Jiao Ge, all men of ability and virtue, who gave their joint assistance to Zhou in his government. In consequence of these things, it took a long time for him to lose the throne. There was not a foot of ground which he did not possess. There was not one of all the people who was not his subject. So it was on his side, and king Wen at his beginning had only a territory of one hundred square li. On all these accounts, it was difficult for him immediately to attain to the royal dignity. The people of Qi have a saying - "A man may have wisdom and discernment, but that is not like embracing the favourable opportunity. A man may have instruments of husbandry, but that is not like waiting for the farming seasons." |
| | |
“今时则易然也。夏后、殷、周之盛，地未有过千里者也，而齐有其地矣；鸡鸣狗吠相闻，而达乎四境，而齐有其民矣。地不改辟矣，民不改聚矣，行仁政而王，莫之能御也。且王者之不作，未有疏于此时者也；民之憔悴于虐政，未有甚于此时者也。饥者易为食，渴者易为饮。孔子曰：‘德之流行，速于置邮而传命。’当今之时，万乘之国行仁政，民之悦之，犹解倒悬也。故事半古之人，功必倍之，惟此时为然。” |
| |
The present time is one in which the royal dignity may be easily attained. In the flourishing periods of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou dynasties, the royal domain did not exceed a thousand li, and Qi embraces so much territory. Cocks crow and dogs bark to one another, all the way to the four borders of the State - so Qi possesses the people. No change is needed for the enlarging of its territory; no change is needed for the collecting of a population. If its ruler will put in practice a benevolent government, no power will be able to prevent his becoming sovereign. Moreover, never was there a time farther removed than the present from the rise of a true sovereign: never was there a time when the sufferings of the people from tyrannical government were more intense than the present. The hungry readily partake of any food, and the thirsty of any drink. Confucius said, "The flowing progress of virtue is more rapid than the transmission of royal orders by stages and couriers." At the present time, in a country of ten thousand chariots, let benevolent government be put in practice, and the people will be delighted with it, as if they were relieved from hanging by the heels. With half the merit of the ancients, double their achievements is sure to be realized. It is only at this time that such could be the case.' |
