| | 万章上: |
万章问曰：“象日以杀舜为事，立为天子，则放之，何也？” |
| Wan Zhang I: |
Wan Zhang said, 'Xiang made it his daily business to slay Shun. When Shun was made sovereign, how was it that he only banished him?' |
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孟子曰：“封之也，或曰放焉。” |
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Mencius said, 'He raised him to be a prince. Some supposed that it was banishing him?' |
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万章曰：“舜流共工于幽州，放驩兜于崇山，杀三苗于三危，殛鲧于羽山，四罪而天下咸服，诛不仁也。象至不仁，封之有庳。有庳之人奚罪焉？仁人固如是乎？在他人则诛之，在弟则封之。” |
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Wan Zhang said, 'Shun banished the superintendent of works to You Zhou; he sent away Huan Dou to the mountain Chong; he slew the prince of San Miao in San Wei; and he imprisoned Gun on the mountain Yu. When the crimes of those four were thus punished, the whole kingdom acquiesced - it was a cutting off of men who were destitute of benevolence. But Xiang was of all men the most destitute of benevolence, and Shun raised him to be the prince of You Bei - of what crimes had the people of You Bei been guilty? Does a benevolent man really act thus? In the case of other men, he cut them off; in the case of his brother, he raised him to be a prince.' |
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曰：“仁人之于弟也，不藏怒焉，不宿怨焉，亲爱之而已矣。亲之欲其贵也，爱之欲其富也。封之有庳，富贵之也。身为天子，弟为匹夫，可谓亲爱之乎？” |
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Mencius replied, 'A benevolent man does not lay up anger, nor cherish resentment against his brother, but only regards him with affection and love. Regarding him with affection, he wishes him to be honourable: regarding him with love, he wishes him to be rich. The appointment of Xiang to be the prince of You Bei was to enrich and ennoble him. If while Shun himself was sovereign, his brother had been a common man, could he have been said to regard him with affection and love?' |
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“敢问或曰放者，何谓也？” |
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Wan Zhang said, 'I venture to ask what you mean by saying that some supposed that it was a banishing of Xiang?' |
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曰：“象不得有为于其国，天子使吏治其国，而纳其贡税焉，故谓之放，岂得暴彼民哉？虽然，欲常常而见之，故源源而来。‘不及贡，以政接于有庳’，此之谓也。” |
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Mencius replied, 'Xiang could do nothing in his State. The Son of Heaven appointed an officer to administer its government, and to pay over its revenues to him. This treatment of him led to its being said that he was banished. How indeed could he be allowed the means of oppressing the people? Nevertheless, Shun wished to be continually seeing him, and by this arrangement, he came incessantly to court, as is signified in that expression: "He did not wait for the rendering of tribute, or affairs of government, to receive the prince of You Bei. |
