| 中國哲學書電子化計劃 |
| 顯示統計 修改檢索內容檢索內容： |
|---|
| 檢索範圍: 墨家 檢索類型: 段落 |
| 條件1: 包含字詞"書" 符合次數：100. |
| 共53段落。第4頁，共6頁。 跳至頁1 2 3 4 5 6 |
《墨家》 | 相關資源 |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [春秋 - 戰國] 公元前490年-公元前221年 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 提到《墨子》的書籍 電子圖書館 簡介說明 資料來源 相關資源 |
《卷九 - Book 9》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 |
《非命中 - Anti-Fatalism II》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 |
| 1 | 非命中: | 子墨子言曰：「凡出言談，由文學之為道也，則不可而不先立義法。若言而無義，譬猶立朝夕於員鈞之上也，則雖有巧工，必不能得正焉。然今天下之情偽，未可得而識也，故使言有三法。三法者何也？有本之者，有原之者，有用之者。於其本之也，考之天鬼之志，聖王之事；於其原之也，徵以先王之書；用之柰何，發而為刑。此言之三法也。 |
| Anti-Fatalism II: | Mozi said: To make any statement or to publish any doctrine, there must first be established some standard of judgment. To discuss without a standard is like determining the directions of sunrise and sunset on a revolving potter's wheel. Even skilful artisans could not get accurate results in that way. Now that the truth and error (of a doctrine) in the world is hard to tell, there must be three tests. What are the three tests? They are the test of its basis, the test of its verifiability, and the test of its applicability. To test the basis of a doctrine we shall examine the will of Heaven and spirits and the deeds of the sage-kings. To test its verifiability we shall go to the books of the early kings. As to its applicability it is to be tested by its use in the administration of justice and government. These then are the three tests of a doctrine. | |
| 4 | 非命中: |
是故昔者三代之暴王，不繆其耳目之淫，不慎其心志之辟，外之敺騁田獵畢弋，內沈於酒樂，1不顧其國家百姓之政。繁為無用，暴逆百姓，使下不親其上，是故國為虛厲，身在刑僇之中 ，必不能曰我見命焉2。 是故昔者三代之暴王，不繆其耳目之淫，不慎其心志之辟，外之敺騁田獵畢弋，內沈於酒樂，3 不肯曰：4『我5罷不肖，我為刑政不善』，必曰：『我命故且亡。』雖昔也三代之窮民，亦由此也。內之不能善事其親戚，外不能善事其君長，惡恭儉而好簡易，貪飲食而惰從事，衣食之財不足，使身至有饑寒凍餒之憂，必不能曰：『我罷不肖，我從事不疾』，必曰：『我命固且窮。』雖昔也三代之偽民，亦猶此也。繁飾有命，以教眾愚樸人久矣。聖王之患此也，故書之竹帛，琢之金石，於先王之書仲虺之告曰：『我聞有夏，人矯天命，布命于下，帝式是惡，用闕師。』此語夏王桀之執有命也，湯與仲虺共非之。先王之書太誓之言然曰：『紂夷之居，而不用事上帝，棄闕其先神而不祀也，曰：「我民有命，毋僇其務。」天不亦棄縱而不葆。』此言紂之執有命也，武王以太誓非也。有於三代不國有之曰：『女毋崇天之有命也。』命三不國亦言命之無也。於召公之執令於然，且：「『敬哉！無天命，惟予二人，而無造言，不自降天之哉得之。』在於商、夏之詩書曰：『命者暴王作之。』且今天下之士君子，將欲辯是非利害之故，當天有命者，不可不疾非也。」執有命者，此天下之厚害也，是故子墨子非也。 |
| Anti-Fatalism II: |
On the other hand, the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties did not control the lust of their ears and eyes and did not restrain the passions of their heart. When they went out they indulged in racing, hunting, and trapping. When they stayed indoors they revelled in wine and music. They did not attend to the government of the country and of the people, but they did much that was of no use. They oppressed the people, causing the subordinates not to love their superior. Hence the country became empty and without any future, and they themselves were in punishment and disaster. But they would not confess and say: "I am stupid and insolent and poor in administering the government." But they would say: "It is but my fate to perish." Even the miserable people of the Three Dynasties were like this. Within they could not well serve their parents, without they could not well serve their ruler. They disliked politeness and frugality but liked licence and ease. They indulged in drinking and eating and were lazy. The means of food and clothing became insufficient and they placed themselves in danger of hunger and cold. They would not confess: "I am stupid and insolent and was not diligent at work." But they would say: "It is but my fate to be poor." Such, then, also were the miserable people of the Three Dynasties. Fatalism has been glossed over and taught the stupid people. This was of great concern to the sage-kings, and they put it down on the bamboos and silk and cut it in metals and stone. Among the books of the early kings, "The Announcement of Zhong Hui" says: "I have heard the man of Xia issue orders, pretending them to be fate of Heaven. God was displeased and destroyed his forces." This shows how King Jie of Xia believed in fate and how both Tang and Zhong Hui thought it to be wrong. Among the books of early kings "The Great Declaration" says: "Zhou became insolent and would not worship God, and pushed away the ancestors and spirits without offering them sacrifices. And he said: 'Fortune is with my people,' and neglected and betrayed his duty. Heaven thereupon deserted him and withdrew its protection." This shows how Zhou believed in fate, and how King Wu proclaimed it to be wrong with "The Great Declaration." Again, "The Three Dynasties and Hundred States " says: " Do not place too much faith in the fate in Heaven." So "The Three Dynasties and Hundred States" also says there is no fate. Also "Shao Gong" in the same way discredits the belief in fate. It says: "Assuredly there is no fate in Heaven. Let us two not teach false doctrines. (One's destiny) does not come from Heaven, but is shaped by one's self." And it is said in the odes and books of Shang and Xia: "Fate is born of the wicked kings." So, then, if the gentlemen of the world desire to distinguish right and wrong, benefit and harm, fate of Heaven must be strenuously discredited. To hold there is fate is the great disaster of the world. And therefore Mozi refuted it. 1. 是故昔者三代之暴王，不繆其耳目之淫，不慎其心志之辟，外之敺騁田獵畢弋，內沈於酒樂， : 從第4條移到此處。 |
《非命下 - Anti-Fatalism III》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 |
| 3 | 非命下: |
昔者暴王作之，窮 人1術之，此皆疑眾遲樸，先聖王之患之也，固在前矣。是以書之竹帛，鏤之金石，琢之盤盂，傳遺後世子孫。曰何書焉存？禹之總德有之曰：『允不著，惟天民不而葆，既防凶心，天加之咎，不慎厥德，天命焉葆』？仲虺之告曰：『我聞有夏，人矯天命，于下，帝式是增，用爽厥師。』彼用無為有，故謂矯，若有而謂有，夫豈為矯哉！昔者，桀執有命而行，湯為仲虺之告以非之。太誓之言也，於去發曰：『惡乎君子！天有顯德，其行甚章，為鑑不遠，在彼殷王。謂人有命，謂敬不可行，謂祭無益，謂暴無傷，上帝不常，九有以亡，上帝不順，祝降其喪，惟我有周，受之大帝。』昔者紂執有命而行，武王為太誓、去發以非之。曰：子胡不尚考之乎商周虞夏之記，從十簡之篇以尚，皆無之，將何若者也？」 |
| Anti-Fatalism III: |
The ancient wicked kings originated it and the miserable people practised it. It was shaking the convictions of the multitudes and converting the stupid. And this was already of great concern to the ancient sage-kings. They put it down on the bamboos and silk and cut it in metal and stone and engraved it on dishes and cups to be handed down to their descendants. In what books are they embodied? "Zong De" of Yu says: "When promises are not fulfilled even a subject of Heaven will not be protected. When one has touched the evil star, Heaven will visit him with its curse. When one is not careful about one's conduct, how can fate of Heaven protect him?" "The Announcement of Zhong Hui" says: "I have heard that the man of Xia issued orders, pretending them to be fate of Heaven. God was displeased and destroyed his armies." He made use of what did not exist as if it had existed, and therefore it was called pretension. If he declared to be existent what really existed, how would this be pretension? In ancient times, Jie believed in fate and acted accordingly. Tang here showed it to be wrong through "The Announcement of Zhong Hui." "The Great Declaration " says: "Therefore the Prince Regent Fa said: 'Ah, my lords, Heaven blesses the virtuous. Its way is clear. Example need not be sought far. It is in the King of Yin. He claimed each man had his own fate, worship should not be practised, sacrifices were of no avail, and wickedness could do no harm. God withdrew his blessing and the nine districts are lost to him. God is not pleased and is visiting him with ruin. Hence it is that our Zhou (the dynasty, the empire) is given by the Great God.'" That is, Zhou believed in fate and acted accordingly. King Wu refuted him in "The Great Declaration." So, why not examine the records of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou, and see that all of them held there is no fate? How would you account for this? 1. 人 : 舊脫。 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《卷十 - Book 10》 | [戰國 (公元前475年 - 公元前221年)] | 電子圖書館 相關資源 |
《經上 - Canon I》 | 電子圖書館 相關資源 |
| 50 | 經上: | 動，或徒1也。 |
| 經說上: | 動：偏祭從者，戶樞免瑟。 | |
| Canon I: | Dong (to stir/move) is to shift somewhere. | |
| Exposition of Canon I:...: | Things which shift all over the border: the hinge of a door, the louse on a hare (?). | |
|
讀此書旁行。 1. 徒 : 原作「從」。自孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》改。 |
《卷十一 - Book 11》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 相關資源 |
《小取 - Minor Illustrations》 | [戰國 (公元前475年 - 公元前221年)] | 電子圖書館 相關資源 |
| 6 | 小取: |
且夫讀書，非 書也；好讀書，1好書也。且鬥雞，非雞也；好鬥雞，好雞也。且入井，非入井也；止且入井，止入井也。且出門，非出門也；止且出門，止出門也。若若是，且夭，非夭也；壽夭也。有命，非命也；非執有命，非命也，無難矣。此與彼同 類2，世有彼而不自非也，墨者有此而罪非之，無也故焉，所謂內膠外閉與心毋空乎？內膠而不解也。此乃 不3是而然者也。 |
| Minor Illustrations: |
Reading books is not books; liking reading books is liking books. Fighting cocks is not cocks; liking fighting cocks is liking cocks. Being about to fall into a well is not falling into a well; stopping someone about to fall into a well is stopping someone from falling into a well. Being about to go out is not going out; stopping someone about to go out is stopping someone going out. If this is so, then: Being about to die young is not dying young; stopping someone about to die young is stopping someone from dying young. Taking there being fate is not fate; opposing those who take that there is fate is opposing fate. It is not difficult. This and that are the same, the world has that and do not oppose themselves. We Mohists have these and yet they blame and oppose us. There can be no other reason than that they are stopped up within and closed without; their heart-minds are all filled in! These are the the "not thus and so". 1. 書也；好讀書， : 舊脫。 |
《耕柱 - Geng Zhu》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 提到《耕柱》的書籍 電子圖書館 |
| 3 | 耕柱: | 治徒娛、縣子碩問於子墨子曰：「為義孰為大務？」子墨子曰：「譬若築牆然，能築者築，能實壤者實壤，能欣者欣，然後牆成也。為義猶是也。能談辯者談辯，能說書者說書，能從事者從事，然後義事成也。」 |
| Geng Zhu: | Zhi Tu Yu and Xian Zi Shuo asked Mozi: "What is the greatest righteousness in conduct?" Mozi said: It is like the building of a wall. Let those who can lay the bricks lay the bricks, let those who can fill in the mortar fill in the mortar, and let those who can carry up the material carry up the material. Then the wall can be completed. To do righteousness is just like this. Let those who can argue argue, let those who can expound the doctrines expound the doctrines, and let those who can administer, administer. Then righteousness is achieved. |
《卷十二 - Book 12》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 |
《貴義 - Esteem for Righteousness》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 電子圖書館 |
| 11 | 貴義: | 子墨子曰：「古之聖王，欲傳其道於後世，是故書之竹帛，鏤之金石，傳遺後世子孫，欲後世子孫法之也。今聞先王之遺而不為，是廢先王之傳也。」 |
| Esteem for Righteousness:...: | Mozi said: The sage-kings of old wanted to have their teaching passed to future generations. Therefore they recorded it on bamboos and silk and engraved it in metal and stone to bequeath to posterity so that their descendants could follow it. Now the ways of the early kings are known but not carried out. This is to break the tradition of the early kings. | |
| 12 | 貴義: | 子墨子南遊使衛，關中載書甚多，弦唐子見而怪之，曰：「吾夫子教公尚過曰：『揣曲直而已。』今夫子載書甚多，何有也？」子墨子曰：「昔者周公旦朝讀書百篇，夕見漆十士。故周公旦佐相天子，其脩至於今。翟上無君上之事，下無耕農之難，吾安敢廢此？翟聞之：『同歸之物，信有誤者。』然而民聽不鈞，是以書多也。今若過之心者，數逆於精微，同歸之物，既已知其要矣，是以不教以書也。而子何怪焉？」 |
| Esteem for Righteousness:...: | Mozi brought numerous books in his wagon drawers on his southern journey as an envoy to Wei. Xian Dangzi saw them and was surprised. He inquired: "Sir, you have instructed Gong Shang Guo just to consider the right and wrong (of any case), and do no more. Now you, sir, bring very many books along. What can be the use for them?" Mozi said: Anciently, Duke Dan of Zhou read one hundred pages every morning and received seventy scholars every evening. Therefore his achievements as minister to the emperor have lasted till this day. I have no superior above me to serve, nor any farm below to attend to. How dare I neglect these (books)? I have heard, though the (different) ways lead to the same end they are not presented without deviations. And the common people do not know how to place proper importance in what they hear. Hence the large number of books. When one has reviewed the ideas and has thought deeply on them then he understands the essentials which lead to the same end. Therefore he does not need to be instructed by books. Why should you feel so much surprised? |
《公孟 - Gong Meng》 | 英文翻譯：W. P. Mei[?] | 提到《公孟》的書籍 電子圖書館 |
| 5 | 公孟: | 公孟子謂子墨子曰：「昔者聖王之列也，上聖立為天子，其次立為卿、大夫，今孔子博於詩、書，察於禮樂，詳於萬物，若使孔子當聖王，則豈不以孔子為天子哉？」子墨子曰：「夫知者，必尊天事鬼，愛人節用，合焉為知矣。今子曰：『孔子博於詩書，察於禮樂，詳於萬物』，而曰可以為天子，是數人之齒，而以為富。」 |
| Gong Meng: | Gong Mengzi said to Mozi: "In ancient times, in assigning ranks the sage-kings crowned the most sagacious as emperor, and appointed the others as ministers and secretaries. Now Confucius had an extensive knowledge of poetry and history, a clear understanding of ceremonial and music, and an intimate insight into many things. If it fell upon Confucius to be the sage-king, why should he not make himself emperor?" Mozi said: The wise man should reverence Heaven and worship the spirits, love the people and economize in expenditures. Combining these we get wisdom. Now, you say, Confucius had an extensive knowledge of poetry and history, a clear understanding of ceremonials and music, and an intimate insight into many things. Therefore, you think, he should be made emperor. This is like estimating one's wealth by counting the number of notches. | |
| 7 | 公孟: | 公孟子謂子墨子曰：「有義不義，無祥不祥。」子墨子曰：「古聖王皆以鬼神為神明，而為禍福，執有祥不祥，是以政治而國安也。自桀紂以下，皆以鬼神為不神明，不能為禍福，執無祥不祥，是以政亂而國危也。故先王之書，子亦有之曰：『亓傲也，出於子，不祥。』此言為不善之有罰，為善之有賞。」 |
| Gong Meng: | Gong Mengzi said to Mozi: "There is only righteousness and unrighteousness, but no such thing as propitiousness or unpropitiousness." Mozi said: The ancient sage-kings all regarded the ghosts and spirits as intelligent and in control of calamity and blessing. They held there was propitiousness and unpropitiousness and thereby the government was well administered and the country was secure. From Jie and Zhou down they all regarded the ghosts and spirits as unintelligent and not in control of calamity and blessing. They held there was no propitiousness and unpropitiousness, and thereby the government became disorderly and the country in danger. So, the book of the ancient kings "Jizi" says, "Pride brings calamity." That is to say, the evil act will be punished and the good act will be rewarded. |
| 共53段落。第4頁，共6頁。 跳至頁1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|---|