| 中国哲学书电子化计划 | |
| 简体字版 |
《卷七》 | 英文翻译：W. P. Mei[?] | 电子图书馆 |
《天志上 - Will of Heaven I》 | 英文翻译：W. P. Mei[?] | 电子图书馆 |
| 1 | 天志上: |
子墨子言曰：“今天下之士君子，知小而不知大。何以知之？以其处家者知之。若处家得罪于家长，犹有邻家所避逃之。然且亲戚兄弟所知识，共相儆戒，皆曰：‘不可不戒矣！不可不慎矣！恶有处家而得罪于家长，而可为也！’非独处家者为然，虽处国亦然。处国得罪于国君，犹有邻国所避逃之，然且亲戚兄弟所知识，共相儆戒皆曰：‘不可不戒矣！不可不慎矣！谁亦有处国得罪于国君，而可为也’！此有所避逃之者也，相儆戒犹若此其厚，况无所避逃之者，相儆戒岂不愈厚，然后可哉？且语言有之曰：‘焉而晏日焉而得罪，将恶避逃之？’曰无所避逃之。夫天不可为林谷幽门无人，明必见之。然而天下之 士1君子 之于2天也，忽然不知以相儆戒，此我所以知天下士君子知小而不知大也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Mozi said: The gentlemen of the world all understand only trifles but not things of importance. How do we know? We know this from one's conduct in the family. If one should offend the patriarch of the family, there are still the homes of the neighbours in which to seek shelter. Yet parents, brothers, and friends all keep on reminding one to be obedient and careful. For, how can one offend the patriarch and stay in the family? Not only is this true about conduct in the family, but also in the state. If one should offend the lord of the state there are still the neighbouring states whither he may flee. Yet parents, brothers, and friends all keep on reminding one to be obedient and careful. For, how can one offend the lord of the state and stay in it? From these there are yet shelters to flee to, yet there are such constant counsels. Should there not be more counsels in a case from which there is nowhere to flee? As the saying goes: "Sinning in broad daylight, whither can one flee?" Really there is nowhere to flee. For, Heaven clearly discerns it even if it be in the woods, valleys, or solitary caves where there is no man. But, contrary to our expectation, regarding Heaven, the gentlemen of the world do not understand mutually to give counsel. This is how we know the gentlemen in the world understand only trifles and not things of importance. 1. 士 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 2 | 天志上: |
然则天亦何欲何恶？天欲义而恶不义。然则率天下之百姓以从事于义，则我乃为天之所欲也。我为天之所欲，天亦为我所欲。然则 我1何欲何恶？我欲福禄而恶祸祟。 若我不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，2然则我率天下之百姓，以从事于祸祟中也。然则何 以3知天之欲义而恶不义？曰天下有义则生，无义则死；有义则富，无义则贫；有义则治，无义则乱。然则天欲其生而恶其死，欲其富而恶其贫，欲其治而恶其乱，此我所以知天欲义而恶不义也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Now, what does Heaven desire and what does it abominate? Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. Therefore, in leading the people in the world to engage in doing righteousness I should be doing what Heaven desires. When I do what Heaven desires, Heaven will also do what I desire. Now, what do I desire and what do I abominate? I desire blessings and emoluments, and abominate calamities and misfortunes. When I do not do what Heaven desires, neither will Heaven do what I desire. Then I should be leading the people into calamities and misfortunes. But how do we know Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness? For, with righteousness the world lives and without it the world dies; with it the world becomes rich and without it the world becomes poor; with it the world becomes orderly and without it the world becomes chaotic. And if Heaven likes to have the world live and dislikes to have it die, likes to have it rich and dislikes to have it poor, and likes to have it orderly and dislikes to have it disorderly. Therefore we know Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. 1. 我 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 3 | 天志上: |
曰且夫义者政也，无从下之政上，必从上之政下。是故庶人竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有士政之；士竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有将军大夫政之；将军大夫竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有三公诸侯政之；三公诸侯竭力听治，未得次己而为政，有天子政之；天子未得次己而为政，有天政之。天子为政于三公、诸侯、士、庶人，天下之士君子固明知，天之为政于天子，天下百姓未得之明知也。故昔三代圣王禹汤文武，欲以天之为政于天子，明说天下之百姓，故莫不犓牛羊，豢犬彘，洁 为粢1盛酒醴，以祭祀上帝鬼神，而求祈福于天。我未尝闻天下之所求祈福于天子者也，我所以知天之为政于天子者也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Moreover, righteousness is the standard. A standard is not to be given by the subordinates to the superior but by the superior to the subordinates. Therefore, while the common people should spare no pains at work they may not make the standard at will. There are the scholars to give them the standard. While the scholars should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There are the ministers and secretaries to give them the standard. While the ministers and secretaries should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There are the high duke and feudal lords to give them the standard. While the high duke and the feudal lords should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There is the emperor to give them the standard. The emperor may not make the standard at will (either). There is Heaven to give him the standard. That the emperor gives the standard to the high dukes, to the feudal lords, to the scholars, and to the common people, the gentlemen in the world clearly understand. But that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor, the people do not know well. Therefore the ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, desiring to make it clear to the people that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor, fed oxen and sheep with grass, and pigs and dogs with grain, and cleanly prepared the cakes and wine to do sacrifice to God on High and the spirits, and invoked Heaven's blessing. But I have not yet heard of Heaven invoking the emperor for blessing. So I know Heaven gives the standard to the emperor. 1. 为粢 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 4 | 天志上: | 故天子者，天下之穷贵也，天下之穷富也，故于富且贵者，当天意而不可不顺，顺天意者，兼相爱，交相利，必得赏。反天意者，别相恶，交相贼，必得罚。然则是谁顺天意而得赏者？谁反天意而得罚者？”子墨子言曰：“昔三代圣王禹汤文武，此顺天意而得赏也。昔三代之暴王桀纣幽厉，此反天意而得罚者也。然则禹汤文武其得赏何以也？”子墨子言曰：“其事上尊天，中事鬼神，下爱人，故天意曰：‘此之我所爱，兼而爱之；我所利，兼而利之。爱人者此为博焉，利人者此为厚焉。’故使贵为天子，富有天下，业万世子孙，传称其善，方施天下，至今称之，谓之圣王。”然则桀纣幽厉得其罚何以也？”子墨子言曰：“其事上诟天，中诟鬼，下贼人，故天意曰：‘此之我所爱，别而恶之，我所利，交而贼之。恶人者此为之博也，贼人者此为之厚也。’故使不得终其寿，不殁其世，至今毁之，谓之暴王。 |
| Will of Heaven I: | The emperor is the most honourable of the world and the richest of the world. So, the honoured and the rich cannot but obey the will of Heaven. He who obeys the will of Heaven, loving universally and benefiting others, will obtain rewards. He who opposes the will of Heaven, by being partial and unfriendly and harming others, will incur punishment. Now, who were those that obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained rewards, and who were those that opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment? Mozi said: The ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, were those that obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward. And the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li, were those that opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment. How did Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu obtain their reward? Mozi said: In the highest sphere they revered Heaven, in the middle sphere they worshipped the spirits, and in the lower sphere they loved the people. Thereupon the will of Heaven proclaimed: "All those whom I love these love also, and all those whom I benefit these benefit also. Their love to men is all-embracing and their benefit to men is most substantial." And so, they were raised to the honour of Sons of Heaven and enriched with the heritage of the empire. They were succeeded by descendants for ten thousand generations to continue the spread of their righteousness all over the world. And people praise them unto this day, calling them righteous sage-kings. How did Jie, Zhou, You, and Li incur their punishment? Mozi said: In the highest sphere they blasphemed against Heaven, in the middle sphere they blasphemed against the spirits, and in the sphere below they oppressed the people. Thereupon the will of Heaven proclaimed: "From those whom I love these turn away and hate, and those whom I want to benefit they oppress. Their hate of men is without limit and their oppression of men the most severe." And, so, they were not permitted to finish out their lives, or to survive a single generation. And people condemn them unto this day, calling them wicked kings. | |
| 5 | 天志上: | 然则何以知天之爱天下之百姓？以其兼而明之。何以知其兼而明之？以其兼而有之。何以知其兼而有之？以其兼而食焉。何以知其兼而食焉？四海之内，粒食之民，莫不犓牛羊，豢犬彘，洁为粢盛酒醴，以祭祀于上帝鬼神，天有邑人，何用弗爱也？且吾言杀一不辜者必有一不祥。杀不辜者谁也？则人也。予之不祥者谁也？则天也。若以天为不爱天下之百姓，则何故以人与人相杀，而天予之不祥？此我所以知天之爱天下之百姓也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: | How do we know Heaven loves the people? Because it teaches them all. How do we know it teaches them all? Because it claims them all. How do we know it claims them all? Because it accepts sacrifices from them all. How do we know it accepts sacrifices from all? Because within the four seas all who live on grains feed oxen and sheep with grass, and dogs and pigs with grains, and prepare clean cakes and wine to do sacrifice to God on High and the spirits. Claiming all the people, why will Heaven not love them? Moreover, as I have said, for the murder of one innocent individual there will be one calamity. Who is it that murders the innocent? It is man. Who is it that sends down the calamity? It is Heaven. If Heaven should be thought of as not loving the people, why should it send down calamities for the murder of man by man? So, I know Heaven loves the people. | |
| 6 | 天志上: |
顺天意者，义政也。反天意者，力政也。然义 政1将柰何哉？”子墨子言曰：“处大国不攻小国，处大家不篡小家，强者不劫弱，贵者不傲贱，多诈者不欺愚。此必上利于天，中利于鬼，下利于人，三利无所不利，故举天下美名加之，谓之圣王，力政者则与此异，言非此，行反此，犹幸驰也。处大国攻小国，处大家篡小家，强者劫弱，贵者傲贱，多诈欺愚。此上不利于天，中不利于鬼，下不利于人。三不利无所利，故举天下恶名加之，谓之暴王。” |
| Will of Heaven I: |
To obey the will of Heaven is to accept righteousness as the standard. To oppose the will of Heaven is to accept force as the standard. Now what will the standard of righteousness do? Mozi said: He who rules a large state does not attack small states: he who rules a large house does not molest small houses. The strong does not plunder the weak. The honoured does not demean the humble. The clever does not deceive the stupid. This is beneficial to Heaven above, beneficial to the spirits in the middle sphere, and beneficial to the people below. Being beneficial to these three it is beneficial to all. So the most excellent name is attributed to such a man and he is called sage-king. The standard of force is different from this. It is contradictory to this in word and opposed to this in deed like galloping with back to back. Leading a large state, he whose standard is force attacks small states; leading a large house he molests small houses. The strong plunders the weak. The honoured disdains the humble. The clever deceives the stupid. This is not beneficial to Heaven above, or to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Not being beneficial to these three, it is beneficial to none. So, the most evil name in the world is attributed to him and he is called the wicked king. 1. 政 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 7 | 天志上: | 子墨子言曰：“我有天志，譬若轮人之有规，匠人之有矩，轮匠执其规矩，以度天下之方圜，曰：‘中者是也，不中者非也。’今天下之士君子之书，不可胜载，言语不可尽计，上说诸侯，下说列士，其于仁义则大相远也。何以知之？曰我得天下之明法以度之。” |
| Will of Heaven I: | Mozi said: The will of Heaven to me is like the compasses to the wheelwright and the square to the carpenter. The wheelwright and the carpenter measure all the square and circular objects with their square and compasses and accept those that fit as correct and reject those that do not fit as incorrect. The writings of the gentlemen of the world of the present day cannot be all loaded (in a cart), and their doctrines cannot be exhaustively enumerated. They endeavour to convince the feudal lords on the one hand and the scholars on the other. But from magnanimity and righteousness they are far off. How do we know? Because I have the most competent standard in the world to measure them with. |
《天志中 - Will of Heaven II》 | 英文翻译：W. P. Mei[?] | 电子图书馆 |
| 1 | 天志中: |
子墨子言曰：“今天下之君子之欲为仁义者，则不可不察义之所从出。既曰不可以不察义之所从出，然则义何从出？”子墨子曰：“义不从愚且贱者出，必自贵且知者出。何以知义之不从愚且贱者出，而必自贵且知者出也？曰：义者，善政也。何以知义之 为1善政也？曰：天下有义则治，无义则乱，是以知义之 为2善政也。夫愚且贱者，不得为政乎贵且知者，然后得为政乎愚且贱者，此吾所以知义之不从愚且贱者出，而必自贵且知者出也。然则孰为贵？孰为知？曰：天为贵，天为知而已矣。然则义果自天出矣。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
Mozi said: Those gentlemen in the world who want to practise magnanimity and righteousness cannot but examine the origin of righteousness. Since we want to examine the origin of righteousness, then where does it originate? Mozi said: Righteousness does not originate with the stupid and humble but with the honourable and wise. How do we know it does not originate with the dull and humble but with the honourable and wise? For, righteousness is the standard. How do we know righteousness is the standard? For, with righteousness the world will be orderly and without it the world will be disorderly. Therefore righteousness is known to be the standard. As the dull and the humble cannot make the standard, and only the wise and honourable can, therefore I know righteousness does not come from the stupid and humble but from the honourable and wise. Now who is honourable and who is wise? Heaven is honourable, Heaven is wise. So, then, righteousness must originate with Heaven. 1. 为 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 2 | 天志中: |
今天下之人曰：“当若天子之贵 于1诸侯，诸侯之贵 于2大夫，傐明知之。然吾未知天之贵且知于天子也。”子墨子曰：“吾所以知天之贵且知于天子者有矣。曰：天子为善，天能赏之；天子为暴，天能罚之；天子有疾病祸祟，必斋戒沐浴，洁为酒醴粢盛，以祭祀天鬼，则天能除去之，然吾未知天之祈福于天子也。此吾所以知天之贵且知于天子者。不止此而已矣，又以先王之书驯天明不解之道也知之。曰：‘明哲维天，临君下土。’则此语天之贵且知于天子。不知亦有贵知夫天者乎？曰：天为贵，天为知而已矣。然则义果自天出矣。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
People in the world would say: "That the emperor is more honourable than the feudal lords and that the feudal lords are more honourable than the ministers, we clearly see. But that Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor, we do not see." Mozi said: I know Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor for a reason: When the emperor practises virtue Heaven rewards, when the emperor does evil Heaven punishes. When there are disease and calamities the emperor will purify and bathe himself and prepare clean cakes and wine to do sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. Heaven then removes them. But I have not yet heard of Heaven invoking the emperor for blessing. So I know Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. And, this is not all. We also learn of this from the book of the ancient kings which instructs us the vast and ineffable Dao of Heaven. It says: "Brilliant and perspicacious Heaven on High, who enlightens and watches over the earth below!" This shows Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. But is there yet any one more honourable and wise than Heaven? Heaven is really the most honourable and wise. Therefore, righteousness surely comes from Heaven. 1. 于 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 3 | 天志中: |
是故子墨子曰：“今天下之君子，中实将欲遵道利民，本察仁义之本，天之意不可不慎也。”既以天之意以为不可不慎已，然则天之将何欲何憎？子墨子曰：“天之意不欲大国之攻小国也，大家之乱小家也，强之暴寡，诈之谋愚，贵之傲贱，此天之所不欲也。 不1止2此而已，欲人之有力相营，有道相教，有财相分也。又欲上之强听治也，下之强从事也。上强听治，则国家治矣，下强从事则财用足矣。若国家治 财3用足，则内有以洁为酒醴粢盛，以祭祀天鬼；外有以为环璧珠玉，以聘挠四邻。诸侯之冤不兴矣，边境兵甲不作矣。内有以食饥息劳，持养其万民，则君臣上下惠忠，父子弟兄慈孝。故唯毋明乎顺天之意，奉而光施之天下，则刑政治，万民和，国家富，财用足，百姓皆得暖衣饱食，便宁无忧。”是故子墨子曰：“今天下之君子，中实将欲遵道利民，本察仁义之本，天之意不可不慎也！ |
| Will of Heaven II: |
And hence Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the way and benefit the people, they must not disobey the will of Heaven, the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. Now that we must obey the will of Heaven, what does the will of Heaven desire and what does it abominate? Mozi said: The will of Heaven abominates the large state which attacks small states, the large house which molests small houses, the strong who plunder the weak, the clever who deceive the stupid, and the honoured who disdain the humble - these are what the will of Heaven abominates. On the other hand, it desires people having energy to work for each other, those knowing the way to teach each other, and those possessing wealth to share with each other. And it desires the superior diligently to attend to government and the subordinates diligently to attend to their work. When the superior attends to the government diligently, the country will be orderly. When the subordinates attend to work diligently, wealth will be abundant. When the country is orderly and wealth is abundant, within the state there will be wherewith to prepare clean cakes and wine to sacrifice to God and the spirits, and in relation with outside countries there will be wherewith to furnish rings, stones, pearls, and jades by which to befriend surrounding neighbours. With the grudges of the feudal lords inactive and fighting on the borders suspended, and the people within provided with food and rest, the emperor and the ministers and the superiors and subordinates will be gracious and loyal respectively, and father and son and elder and younger brothers will be affectionate and filial respectively. Therefore when the principle of obeying the will of Heaven is understood and widely practiced in the world, then justice and government will be orderly, the multitudes will be harmonious, the country will be wealthy, the supplies will be plenteous, and the people will be warmly clothed and sufficiently fed, peaceful and without worry. Therefore Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the way and benefit the people they must carefully investigate the principle that the will of Heaven is the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. 1. 不 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 4 | 天志中: |
且夫天子之有天下也，辟之无以异乎国君诸侯之有四境之内也。今国君诸侯之有四境之内也，夫岂欲其臣国万民之相为不利哉？今若处大国则攻小国，处大家则乱小家，欲以此求赏誉，终不可得，诛罚必至矣。夫天之有天下也，将无已异此。今若处大国 则1攻小国，处大都则伐小都，欲以此求福禄于天，福禄终不得，而祸祟必至矣。然有所不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，则夫天亦且不为人之所欲，而为人之所不欲矣。人之2所不欲者何也？曰病疾 祸3祟也。若已不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，是率天下之万民以从事乎祸祟之中也。故古者圣王明知天鬼之所福，而辟天鬼之所憎，以求兴天下之利，而除天下之害。是以天之为寒热也节，四时调，阴阳雨露也时，五谷孰，六畜遂，疾灾戾疫凶饥则不至。”是故子墨子曰：“今天下之君子，中实将欲遵 道4利民，本察仁义之本，天意不可不慎也！ |
| Will of Heaven II: |
The rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike the rule of the feudal lord over the state. In ruling the state does the feudal lord desire his ministers and people to work for mutual disadvantage? If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses - if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from the feudal lord) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. Now, the rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike this. If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses -- if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from Heaven) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. When (man) does not do what Heaven desires, but does what Heaven abominates, Heaven will also not do what man desires but do what he abominates. What man abominates are disease and calamities. Therefore not to do what Heaven desires but do what it abominates is to lead the multitudes in the world to calamity. Therefore the ancient sage-kings studied what Heaven and the spirits would bless and avoided what they would curse in order to procure benefits for the world and avoid calamities. Thereupon, Heaven made heat and cold temperate, the four seasons harmonious, the Yin and Yang and rain and dew timely. The five grains are enabled to ripen and the six animals to mature. And disease, pestilence, and famine did not happen. Therefore Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the Dao and benefit the people they must be mindful of the principle that the will of Heaven is the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. 1. 则 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 5 | 天志中: | 且夫天下盖有不仁不祥者，曰当若子之不事父，弟之不事兄，臣之不事君也。故天下之君子，与谓之不祥者。今夫天兼天下而爱之，撽遂万物以利之，若豪之末，非天之所为也，而民得而利之，则可谓否矣。然独无报夫天，而不知其为不仁不祥也。此吾所谓君子明细而不明大也。 |
| Will of Heaven II: | In the world those who lack benevolence are unfortunate. If a son does not serve his father, a younger brother does not serve his elder brother, or a subordinate does not serve his superior, then all the gentlemen of the world will call him unfortunate. Now Heaven loves the whole world universally. Everything is prepared for the good of man. Even the tip of a hair is the work of Heaven. Substantial may be said of the benefits that are enjoyed by man. Yet there is no service in return. And they do not even know this to be unmagnanimous and unfortunate. This is why I say the gentlemen understand only trifles and not things of importance. | |
| 6 | 天志中: | 且吾所以知天之爱民之厚者有矣，曰以磨为日月星辰，以昭道之；制为四时春秋冬夏，以纪纲之；雷降雪霜雨露，以长遂五谷麻丝，使民得而财利之；列为山川溪谷，播赋百事，以临司民之善否；为王公侯伯，使之赏贤而罚暴；贼金木鸟兽，从事乎五谷麻丝，以为民衣食之财。自古及今，未尝不有此也。今有人于此，驩若爱其子，竭力单务以利之，其子长，而无报子求父，故天下之君子与谓之不仁不祥。今夫天兼天下而爱之，撽遂万物以利之，若豪之末，非天之所为，而民得而利之，则可谓否矣，然独无报夫天，而不知其为不仁不祥也。此吾所谓君子明细而不明大也。 |
| Will of Heaven II: | Moreover I know Heaven loves men dearly not without reason. Heaven ordered the sun, the moon, and the stars to enlighten and guide them. Heaven ordained the four seasons, Spring, Autumn, Winter, and Summer, to regulate them. Heaven sent down snow, frost, rain, and dew to grow the five grains and flax and silk that so the people could use and enjoy them. Heaven established the hills and rivers, ravines and valleys, and arranged many things to minister to man's good or bring him evil. He appointed the dukes and lords to reward the virtuous and punish the wicked, and to gather metal and wood, birds and beasts, and to engage in cultivating the five grains and flax and silk to provide for the people's food and clothing. This has been taking from antiquity to the present. Suppose there is a man who is deeply fond of his son and has used his energy to the limit to work for his benefit. But when the son grows up he returns no love to the father. The gentlemen of the world will all call him unmagnanimous and miserable. Now Heaven loves the whole world universally. Everything is prepared for the good of man. The work of Heaven extends to even the smallest things that are enjoyed by man. Such benefits may indeed be said to be substantial, yet there is no service in return. And they do not even know this to be unmagnanimous. This is why I say the gentlemen of the world understand only trifles but not things of importance. | |
| 7 | 天志中: |
且吾所以知天爱民之厚者，不止此而足矣。曰杀不辜者，天予不祥。不辜者谁也？曰人也。予之不祥者谁也？曰天也。若天不爱民之厚，夫胡说人杀不辜，而天予之不祥哉？此吾 之所1以知天之爱民之厚也。 |
| Will of Heaven II: |
Yet this does not exhaust my reasons whereby I know Heaven loves man dearly. It is said the murder of an innocent individual will call down a calamity. Who is the innocent? Man is. From whom is the visitation? From Heaven. If Heaven does not love the people dearly, why should Heaven send down a visitation upon the man who murders the innocent? Thus I know Heaven loves man dearly. 1. 之所 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 8 | 天志中: |
且吾所以知天之爱民之厚者，不止此而已矣。曰爱人利人，顺天之意，得天之赏者有之；憎人 贼人1，反天之意，得天之罚者亦有矣。夫爱人利人，顺天之意，得天之赏者谁也？曰若昔三代圣王，尧舜禹汤文武者是也。尧舜禹汤文武焉所从事？曰从事兼，不从事别。兼者，处大国不攻小国， 处2大家不乱小家，强不劫弱，众不暴寡，诈不谋愚，贵不傲贱。观其事，上利乎天，中利乎鬼，下利乎人，三利无所不利，是谓天德。聚敛天下之美名而加之焉，曰：此仁也，义也，爱人利人，顺天之意，得天之赏者也。不止此而已，书于竹帛，镂之金石，琢之盘盂，传遗后世子孙。曰将何以为？将以识夫爱人利人，顺天之意，得天之赏者也。皇矣道之曰：‘帝谓文王，予怀明德，不大声以色，不长夏以革，不识不知，顺帝之则。’帝善其顺法则也，故举殷以赏之，使贵为天子，富有天下，名誉至今不息。故夫爱人利人，顺天之意，得天之赏者，既可得留而已。夫憎人贼人，反天之意，得天之罚者谁也？曰若昔者三代暴王桀纣幽厉者是也。桀纣幽厉焉所从事？曰从事别，不从事兼。别者，处大国则攻小国，处大家则乱小家，强劫弱，众暴寡，诈谋愚，贵傲贱。观其事，上不利乎天，中不利乎鬼，下不利乎人，三不利无所利，是谓天贼。聚敛天下之丑名而加之焉，曰此非仁也，非义也。憎人贼人，反天之意，得天之罚者也。不止此而已，又书其事于竹帛，镂之金石，琢之盘盂，传遗后世子孙。曰将何以为？将以识夫憎人贼人，反天之意，得天之罚者也。大誓之道之曰：‘纣越厥夷居，不肯事上帝，弃厥先神祇不祀，乃曰吾有命，毋廖𠏿务 天下3。天亦纵弃纣而不葆。’察天以纵弃纣而不葆者，反天之意也。故夫憎人贼人，反天之意，得天之罚者，既可得而知也。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
This is still not all by which I know Heaven loves man dearly. There are those who love the people and benefit the people and obey the will of Heaven and obtain reward from Heaven. There are also those who hate the people and oppress the people and oppose the will of Heaven and incur punishment from Heaven. Who are those that love the people and benefit the people, obey the will of Heaven and obtain reward from Heaven? They are the ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu. What did Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu do? They engaged themselves in universality and not partiality (in love). Loving universally, they did not attack the small states with their large states, they did not molest the small houses with their large houses. The strong did not plunder the weak, the many did not oppress the few, the clever did not deceive the stupid, the honoured did not disdain the humble. Such a regime was agreeable to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, and to the people below. Being helpful to these three, it was helpful to all. And this was Heavenly virtue. The most excellent names in the world were gathered and attributed to them, and they were called magnanimous, righteous, beloved of man and beneficial to the people, obedient to the will of Heaven and rewarded of Heaven. Besides this, it is also recorded on the bamboos and silk, cut in metals and stones, and engraved on the dishes and cups to be handed down to posterity. What is this for? It is to mark out those who loved the people and benefited them, obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward from Heaven. Thus the ode of Huang Yi says: "God said to King Wen, 'I cherish your intelligent virtue. It was not proclaimed with much noise or gesture. It was not modified after the possession of the empire. How instructively and naturally submissive to the scheme of Heaven!'" Because he was obedient to God's scheme, He rewarded him with Yin and honoured him to be emperor and enriched him with the empire. And his fame is not forgotten even unto this day. Hence we are enabled to know who are those that loved the people and benefited them, obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward from Heaven. Now, who are those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven? They are the ancient wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li. What did they do? They were selfish and ungenerous. Being selfish they attacked the small states with their large states, they molested the small houses with their large houses. The strong plundered the weak, the many oppressed the few, the clever deceived the ignorant, the honoured disdained the humble. Such a regime was not helpful to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Since it was not helpful to these three it was helpful to none. And they were called the enemies of Heaven. The most evil names in the world were gathered and attributed to them, and they were called unmagnanimous, unrighteous, haters of man and oppressors of the people, disobedient to the will of Heaven and punished by Heaven. Besides this, it is also recorded on the bamboos and silk, cut in the metals and stones, and engraved on the plates and cups to be handed down to posterity. What is this for? It is to mark out those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven. Thus relates the "Great Declaration": "Zhou went beyond the proper limits and became insolent. He would not worship God and pushed away the ancestors and spirits without offering them sacrifices. And he said: 'Fortune is with me,' and neglected and betrayed his duty. Heaven thereupon deserted him and withdrew its protection." Heaven deserted Zhou and withdrew its support because Zhou opposed the will of Heaven. Hence we are enabled to know who are those that hated the people and oppressed them, opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment from Heaven. 1. 贼人 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 9 | 天志中: |
是故子墨子之有天之，辟人无以异乎轮人之有规，匠人之有矩也。今夫轮人操其规，将以量度天下之圜与不圜也，曰：中吾规者谓之圜，不中吾规者谓之不圜。是以圜与不圜，皆可得而知也。此其故何？则圜法明也。匠人亦操其矩，将以量度天下之方与不方也。曰：中吾矩者谓之方，不中吾矩者谓之不方。是以方与不方，皆可得而知之。此其故何？则方法明也。故子墨子之有天之意也，上将以度天下之王公大人之为刑政也，下将以量天下之万民为文学出言谈也。观其行，顺天之意，谓之善意行，反天之意，谓之不善意行；观其言谈，顺天 之1意，谓之善言谈，反天之意，谓之不善言谈；观其刑政，顺天之意，谓之善刑政，反天之意，谓之不善刑政。故置此以为法，立此以为仪，将以量度天下之王公大人卿大夫之仁与不仁，譬之犹分黑白也。是故子墨子曰：“今天下之王公大人士君子，中实将欲遵道利民，本察仁义之本，天之意不可不顺也。顺天之意者，义之法也。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
Therefore the will of Heaven is like the compasses to the wheelwright and the square to the carpenter. The wheelwright tests the circularity of every object in the world with his compasses, saying: "That which satisfies my compasses is circular. That which does not is not circular." Therefore whether an object is circular or not is all known, because the standard of circularity is all established. The carpenter also tests the squareness of every object in the world with his square, saying: "That which satisfies my square is square; that which does not is not square." Therefore whether any object is square or not is all known. Why so? Because the standard of squareness is established. Similarly, with the will of Heaven Mozi will measure the jurisdiction and government of the lords in the empire on the one hand, and the doctrines and teachings of the multitudes in the empire on the other. If some conduct is observed to be in accordance with the will of Heaven, it is called good conduct; if it is in opposition to the will of Heaven it is called bad conduct. If a teaching is observed to be in accordance with the will of Heaven it is called good teaching; if it is in opposition to the will of Heaven it is called bad teaching. And if a government is observed to be in accordance with the will of Heaven it is called good government; if it is in opposition to the will of Heaven it is called bad government. With this as the model and with this as the standard, whether the lords and the ministers are magnanimous or not can be measured as (easily as) to distinguish black and white. Therefore Mozi said: If the rulers and the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the way and benefit the people they have only to obey the will of Heaven, the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. Obedience to the will of Heaven is the standard of righteousness. 1. 之 : 旧脱。 |
《天志下 - Will of Heaven III》 | 英文翻译：W. P. Mei[?] | 电子图书馆 |
| 1 | 天志下: | 子墨子言曰：“天下之所以乱者，其说将何哉？则是天下士君子，皆明于小而不明于大。何以知其明于小不明于大也？以其不明于天之意也。何以知其不明于天之意也？以处人之家者知之。今人处若家得罪，将犹有异家所，以避逃之者，然且父以戒子，兄以戒弟，曰：‘戒之慎之，处人之家，不戒不慎之，而有处人之国者乎？’今人处若国得罪，将犹有异国所，以避逃之者矣，然且父以戒子，兄以戒弟，曰：‘戒之慎之，处人之国者，不可不戒慎也！’今人皆处天下而事天，得罪于天，将无所以避逃之者矣。然而莫知以相极戒也，吾以此知大物则不知者也。” |
| Will of Heaven III: | Mozi said: What is the reason for the disorder in the world? It is because the gentlemen of the world all understand trifles but not things of importance. How do we know they understand trifles but not things of importance? Because they do not understand the will of Heaven. How do we know they do not understand the will of Heaven? By observing the conduct in the family. If a man commits a misdemeanour in the family he still has other families in which to seek shelter. Yet, father reminds son, the elder brother reminds the younger brother, saying: "Be obedient, be careful in conduct in the family. If one is not obedient and careful in conduct in the family how can he live in the state?" If a man commits a misdemeanour in the state he still has other states in which to seek shelter. Yet father reminds son and the elder brother reminds the younger brother, saying: "Be obedient. Be careful. One cannot live in a state and be disobedient and careless." Now all men live in the world and under Heaven. When a man sins against Heaven there is nowhere to seek shelter. But people do not think of warning each other. Thus I know that they do not understand things of importance. | |
| 2 | 天志下: |
是故子墨子言曰：“戒之慎之，必为天之所欲，而去天之所恶。曰天之所欲者何也？所恶者何也？天欲义而恶其不义者也。何以知其然也？曰义者正也。何以知义之为正也？天下有义则治，无义则乱，我以此知义之为正也。然而正者，无自下正上者，必自上正下。是故庶人不得次己而为正，有士正之；士不得次己而为正，有大夫正之；大夫不得次己而为正，有诸侯正之；诸侯不得次己而为正，有三公正之；三公不得次己而为正，有天子正之；天子不得次己而为政，有天正之。今天下之士君子，皆明于天子之正天下也，而不明于天 之1正 天子2也。是故古者圣人，明以此说人曰：‘天子有善，天能赏之；天子有过，天能罚之。’天子赏罚不当，听狱不中，天下疾病祸福，霜露不时，天子必且犓豢其牛羊犬彘，洁为粢盛酒醴，以祷祠祈福于天，我未尝闻天之祷祈福于天子也，吾以此知天之重且贵于天子也。是故义者不自愚且贱者出，必自贵且知者出。曰谁为知？天为知。然则义果自天出也。今天下之士君子之欲为义者，则不可不顺天之意矣。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
And Mozi said: Be obedient. Be careful. Be sure to do what Heaven desires and avoid what Heaven abominates. Now, what does Heaven desire and what does Heaven abominate? Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. How do we know this? Because righteousness is the standard. How do we know righteousness is the standard? Because with righteousness the world will be orderly; without it the world will be disorderly. So, I know righteousness is the standard. Now a standard is never given by the subordinate to the superior, it is always to be given by the superior to the subordinate. Hence the common people may not make the standard at will. There are the scholars to give them the standard. The scholars may not make the standard at will. There are the ministers to give them the standard. The ministers may not make the standard at will. There are the feudal lords to give them the standard. The feudal lords may not make the standard at will. There is the high duke to give them the standard. The high duke may not make the standard at will. There is the emperor to give him the standard. The emperor may not make the standard at will. There is Heaven to give him the standard. The gentlemen of the world all understand that the emperor gives the standard to the world but do not understand that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor. The sages, explaining this, said: "When the emperor has done good, Heaven rewards him. When the emperor has committed wrong, Heaven punishes him. When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment and not judicious in hearing lawsuits, Heaven visits him with disease and calamities, and frost and dew will be untimely." The emperor will then have to feed oxen and sheep with grass and dogs and pigs with grains and prepare clean cakes and wine to pray and invoke Heaven for blessing. I have not yet heard of Heaven praying and invoking the emperor for blessing. So, I can say Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. Therefore righteousness does not come from the ignorant and humble but from the honourable and wise. Who is honourable? Heaven is honourable. Who is wise? Heaven is wise. And, so, righteousness assuredly comes from Heaven. And the gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness therefore must obey the will of Heaven. 1. 之 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 3 | 天志下: |
曰顺天之意何若？曰兼爱天下之人。何以知兼爱天下之人也？以兼而食之也。何以知其兼而食之也？自古及今无有远灵孤夷之国，皆犓豢其牛羊犬彘，洁为粢盛酒醴，以敬祭祀上帝山川鬼神，以此知兼而食之也。苟兼而食焉，必兼而爱之。譬之若楚、越之君，今是楚王食于楚之四境之内， 故爱楚之人；越王食于越，1故爱越之人。今天兼天下而食焉，我以此知其兼爱天下之人也。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
What is the will of Heaven that is to be obeyed? It is to love all the people in the world universally. How do we know it is to love all the people in the world universally? Because (Heaven) accepts sacrifices from all. How do we know Heaven accepts sacrifices from all? Because from antiquity to the present day there is no distant or isolated country but what feeds oxen and sheep, dogs and pigs with grass and grains, and prepares clean cakes and wine to worship God, hills and rivers, and the spirits. So we know Heaven accepts sacrifices from all. Accepting sacrifice from all, Heaven must love them all. Take the lords of Chu and Yue for instance. The lord of Chu accepts offering from all within the four borders of Chu, therefore he loves the people of Chu. And, the lord of Yue accepts offering from all within the four borders of Yue, therefore he loves the people of Yue. Now Heaven accepts offerings from all the world and so I know Heaven loves all the people in the world. 1. 故爱楚之人；越王食于越， : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 4 | 天志下: |
且天之爱百姓也，不尽物而止矣。今天下之国，粒食之民， 国1杀一 不辜者，必有一2不祥。曰谁杀不辜？曰人也。孰予之不辜？曰天也。若天之中实不爱此民也，何故而人有杀不辜，而天予之不祥哉？且天之爱百姓厚矣，天之爱百姓别矣，既可得而知也。何以知天之爱百姓也？吾以贤者之必赏善罚暴也。何以知贤者之必赏善罚暴也？吾以昔者三代之圣王知之。故昔也三代之圣王尧舜禹汤文武之兼爱天下也，从而利之，移其百姓之意焉，率以敬上帝山川鬼神，天以为从其所爱而爱之，从其所利而利之，于是加其赏焉，使之处上位，立为天子以法也，名之曰‘圣人’，以此 知3其赏善之证。是故昔也三代之暴王桀纣幽厉之兼恶天下也，从而贼之，移其百姓之意焉，率以诟侮上帝山川鬼神，天以为不从其所爱而恶之，不从其所利而贼之，于是加其罚焉，使之父子离散，国家灭亡，抎失社稷，忧以及其身。是以天下之庶民属而毁之，业万世子孙继嗣，毁之贲不之废也，名之曰‘失王’，以此知其罚暴之证。今天下之士君子，欲为义者，则不可不顺天之意矣。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
That Heaven loves all the people of the world is proved not only by this. In all the countries in the world and among all the people who live on grains, the murder of one innocent individual brings down one calamity. Now who is it that murders the innocent? It is man. Who is it that sends down the calamity? It is Heaven. If Heaven really did not love the people, why does Heaven send down calamities for the murder of the innocent? Furthermore, Heaven loves the people dearly, Heaven loves the people inclusively. And this can be known. How do we know Heaven loves the people? Because of the certain reward to the good and punishment to the evil from the virtuous (Heaven). How do we know the virtuous (Heaven) certainly rewards the good and punishes the evil? I know this from the (examples of) the sage-kings of the Three Dynasties. Anciently, the sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, loved the world universally and proceeded to benefit them. They converted the desires of the people and led them to worship God, hills and rivers, and the spirits. Heaven was pleased because they loved what it loved and benefited what it would benefit, and bestowed rewards upon them, placing them on the throne, crowning them emperor, upholding them as the standard, and calling them sage-kings. Here we have the proof of reward of the good. Anciently, the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li, hated all the world and proceeded to oppress them. They converted the desires of the people and led them to blaspheme against God, hills and rivers, and the spirits. Heaven was offended because they hated those whom Heaven loved and oppressed those whom Heaven would benefit, and Heaven decreed punishments upon them, letting fathers and sons be scattered, their empire be put to an end, their state be lost to them, and capital punishment fall upon them. Thereupon, the multitudes in the world condemned them, the condemnation lasting all through the ten thousand generations, the people calling them wicked kings. Here we have the proof of punishment of the evil. Those gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness have only to obey the will of Heaven. 1. 国 : 删除。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 5 | 天志下: | 曰顺天之意者，兼也；反天之意者，别也。兼之为道也，义正；别之为道也，力正。曰义正者何若？曰大不攻小也，强不侮弱也，众不贼寡也，诈不欺愚也，贵不傲贱也，富不骄贫也，壮不夺老也。是以天下之庶国，莫以水火毒药兵刃以相害也。若事上利天，中利鬼，下利人，三利而无所不利，是谓天德。故凡从事此者，圣知也，仁义也，忠惠也，慈孝也，是故聚敛天下之善名而加之。是其故何也？则顺天之意也。曰力正者何若？曰大则攻小也，强则侮弱也，众则贼寡也，诈则欺愚也，贵则傲贱也，富则骄贫也，壮则夺老也。是以天下之庶国，方以水火毒药兵刃以相贼害也。若事上不利天，中不利鬼，下不利人，三不利而无所利，是谓之贼。故凡从事此者，寇乱也，盗贼也，不仁不义，不忠不惠，不慈不孝，是故聚敛天下之恶名而加之。是其故何也？则反天之意也。” |
| Will of Heaven III: | To obey the will of Heaven is to be universal and to oppose the will of Heaven is to be partial (in love). According to the doctrine of universality righteousness is the standard; in the doctrine of partiality force is the basis of government. What is it like to have righteousness as the basis of government? The great will not attack the small, the strong will not plunder the weak, the many will not oppress the few, the clever will not deceive the ignorant, the honoured will not disdain the humble, the rich will not mock the poor, and the young will not rob the old. And the states in the empire will not ruin each other with water, fire, poison, and weapons. Such a regime will be beneficial to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, to the people below. Being beneficial to these three it is beneficial to all. This is called the virtue of Heaven; whoever practises this is a sage, magnanimous, gracious, and righteous, loyal, affectionate, and filial, and all such good names in the world will be gathered and attributed to him. Why so? Because such conduct is in accordance with the will of Heaven. Now, what is it like to have force as the basis of government? The great will attack the small, the strong will plunder the weak, the many will oppress the few, the clever will impose upon the ignorant, the honoured will disdain the humble, the rich will mock the poor, and the young will rob the old. And the states in the empire will ruin each other with water, fire, poison, and weapons. Such a regime will not be helpful to Heaven above, to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Not being helpful to these three, it is not helpful to any. This is called the enemy of Heaven. He who practises this is a bad man, not magnanimous, not gracious, and unrighteous, disloyal, unaffectionate, and unfilial, and all such evil names in the world are gathered and attributed to him. Why so? Because such conduct is in opposition to the will of Heaven. | |
| 6 | 天志下: |
故子墨子置立天之，以为仪法，若轮人之有规，匠人之有矩也。今轮人以规，匠人以矩，以此知方圜之别矣。是故子墨子置立天之，以为仪法。吾以此知天下之士君子之去义远也。何以知天下之士君子之去义远也？今知氏大国之君宽者然曰：“吾处大国而不攻小国，吾何以为大哉！”是以差论蚤牙之士，比列其舟车之卒，以攻罚无罪之国，入其沟境，刈其禾稼，斩其树木，残其城郭，以御其沟池，焚烧其祖庙，攘杀其牺牷，民之格者，则刭杀之，不格者，则系操而归，丈夫以为仆圉胥靡，妇人以为舂酋。则夫好攻伐之君，不知此为不仁义，以告四邻诸侯曰：“吾攻国覆军，杀将若干人矣。”其邻国之君亦不知此为不仁义也，有具其皮币，发其总处，使人飨贺焉。则夫好攻伐之君，有重不知此为不仁不义也，有书之竹帛，藏之府库。为人后子者，必且欲顺其先君之行，曰：“何不当发吾 府1库，视吾先君之法美。”必不曰文、武之为正 为正2者若此矣，曰吾攻国覆军杀将若干人矣。则夫好攻伐之君，不知此为不仁不义也，其邻国之君不知此为不仁不义也，是以攻伐世世而不已者，此吾所谓大物则不知也。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
Hence Mozi established the will of Heaven as his standard, just as the wheelwright uses his compasses and the carpenter uses his square as their standards. The wheelwright with his compasses and the carpenter with his square can judge the circularity and the squareness of objects. Similarly, with the will of Heaven as the standard, Mozi can tell that the gentlemen of the world are far from righteousness. How do we know the gentlemen of the world are far from righteousness ? For, the lords in the large states compete in saying: "Being a big state, if I do not attack the small states, in what way am I big?" Therefore they mustered their warriors and soldiers, and arranged their boat and chariot forces to attack some innocent state. They broke into its borders, cut down its fields, felled its trees, tore down its inner and outer city walls, and filled up its moats and ditches, burned its ancestral temples and seized and killed its sacrificial victims. Of the people the strong were killed, the weak were brought back in chains and ropes. The men were turned into servants and grooms and prisoners. The women were made to be waitresses (to pour wine). Yet, the warring lord did not even know that this is unmagnanimous and unrighteous. He announced to the neighbouring lords: "I have attacked a state, defeated an army, and killed so many generals." And the neighbouring lords did not know that this is unmagnanimous and unrighteous either, but with furs and silk sent envoys to offer congratulations. And the warring lords were even doubly ignorant of its being unmagnanimous and unrighteous. They recorded it on the bamboos and silk and kept them in the archives so that the descendants would imitate their royal ancestors, saying: "Why not let us open up the archives and let us learn of the achievements of our ancestors?" Then they would surely not learn: "Such and such is the regime of Wu," but would learn: "I have attacked states, reversed armies, and killed so many of their generals." Now that the warring lords do not understand this to be unmagnanimous and unrighteous, and neighbouring lords do not understand this to be unmagnanimous and unrighteous, therefore attacks and assaults go on generation after generation without end. This is what I mean when I say they do not understand matters of importance. 1. 府 : 旧脱。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 7 | 天志下: |
所谓小物则知之者何若？今有人于此，入人之场园，取人之桃李瓜姜者，上得且罚之，众闻则非之，是何也？曰不与其劳，获其实，已非其有所取之故，而况有逾于人之墙垣，抯格人之子女者乎？与角人之府库，窃人之金玉蚤絫者乎？与逾人之栏牢，窃人之牛马者乎？而况有杀一不辜人乎？今王公大人之为政也，自杀一不辜人者；逾人之墙垣，抯格人之子女者；与角人之府库，窃人之金玉蚤絫者 乎1；与逾人之栏牢，窃人 之2牛马 者；与入人之场园，窃人之3桃李瓜姜者，今王公大人之加罚此也，虽古之尧舜禹汤文武之为政，亦无以异此矣。今天下之诸侯，将犹皆侵凌攻伐兼并，此为杀一不辜人者，数千万矣；此为逾人之墙垣，格人之子女者，与角人府库，窃人金玉蚤絫者，数千万矣；逾人之栏牢，窃人之牛马者，与入人之场园，窃人之桃李瓜姜者，数千万矣，而自曰义也。故子墨子言曰：“是蕡我者，则岂有以异是蕡黑白甘苦之辩者哉！今有人于此，少而示之黑谓之黑，多示之黑谓白，必曰吾目乱，不知黑白之别。今有人于此，能少尝之甘谓甘，多尝谓苦，必曰吾口乱，不知其甘苦之味。今王公大人之政也，或杀人，其国家禁之，此蚤越有能多杀其邻国之人，因以为文义，此岂有异蕡白黑、甘苦之别者哉？” |
| Will of Heaven III: |
What do I mean when I say people do not understand things of importance but understand trifles? Supposing some one entered the orchard and garden of another and took the other's peaches and prunes, melon and ginger, he will be punished by the superior when caught and condemned by the public when heard of. Why? Because he did not share the toil but takes the fruit and appropriates what is not his. How much more is this true with him who jumps over another's fence and maltreats the children of the other; of him who digs into another's storehouse and carries away the others gold, jade, silk, and cloth; of him who breaks into another's fold and steals the other's oxen and horses; and of him who kills an innocent person? In the government of the lords of to-day all - from the one who kills an innocent person to the one who jumps over another's fence and maltreats the other's children, who digs into another's warehouse and carries away his gold, jade, silk and cloth, who breaks into another's fold and steals his oxen and horses, and who enters another's orchard and garden and takes his peaches and prunes, melons and ginger - all these are punished quite the same as they would be even in the government of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu. Now the lords and chiefs in the world all attack and absorb others. This is a thousand and ten thousand times worse than killing one innocent individual, a thousand and ten thousand times worse than jumping over another's fence and maltreating his children or digging into another's storehouse and carrying away his gold, jade, silk, and cloth, a thousand and ten thousand times worse than breaking into another's fold and stealing his oxen and horses, or entering another's orchard and garden and taking his peaches and prunes, melons and ginger. Yet, they claim it to be righteous. Mozi said: This is meant to confuse us. And is this at all different from confusion in the distinctions between black and white, and sweet and bitter? Suppose a man who upon being shown a little blackness says it is black, but upon being shown much blackness says it is white. He will have to admit that his sight is confused and that he cannot tell the difference between black and white. Suppose a man when served with a little bitter says it is bitter, but when served with much bitter says it is sweet. Then he will have to admit that his taste is impaired and that he cannot tell the difference between sweet and bitter. In the government of the present lords, the murderer of an individual is imprisoned by the state. This.... But the murderer of many men of the neighbouring states is upheld as righteous. How is this different from confusing the distinction between black and white and sweet and bitter? 1. 乎 : 删除。 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 8 | 天志下: | 故子墨子置天之，以为仪法。非独子墨子以天之志为法也，于先王之书大夏之道之然：“帝谓文王，予怀而明德，毋大声以色，毋长夏以革，不识不知，顺帝之则。”此诰文王之以天志为法也，而顺帝之则也。且今天下之士君子，中实将欲为仁义，求为上士，上欲中圣王之道，下欲中国家百姓之利者，当天之志，而不可不察也。天之志者，义之经也。 |
| Will of Heaven III: | Therefore Mozi established the will of Heaven to be the standard. Not only Mozi established the will of Heaven to be the standard, it is also the theme of an ode in the "Da Ya" among the books of the ancient kings: "God said to King Wen, 'I cherish your intelligent virtue. It was not proclaimed with much noise or gesture. It was not modified after the possession of the empire. Instinctively and naturally submissive to the scheme of God.'" This is to proclaim that King Wen used the will of Heaven as standard and was submissive to God's scheme. If the gentlemen of the world really desire to practise magnanimity and righteousness and be superior men, seeking to attain the way of the sage-kings on the one hand and to procure blessings to the people on the other, they must not neglect to understand the will of Heaven. The will of Heaven is truly the standard of righteousness. |
URN: ctp:mozi/book-7