| | 滕文公下: |
景春曰：“公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉？一怒而诸侯惧，安居而天下熄。” |
| Teng Wen Gong II: |
Jing Chun said to Mencius, 'Are not Gong Sun Yan and Zhang Yi really great men? Let them once be angry, and all the princes are afraid. Let them live quietly, and the flames of trouble are extinguished throughout the kingdom.' |
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孟子曰：“是焉得为大丈夫乎？子未学礼乎？丈夫之冠也，父命之；女子之嫁也，母命之，往送之门，戒之曰：‘往之女家，必敬必戒，无违夫子！’以顺为正者，妾妇之道也。居天下之广居，立天下之正位，行天下之大道。得志与民由之，不得志独行其道。富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。此之谓大丈夫。” |
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Mencius said, 'How can such men be great men? Have you not read the Ritual Usages? "At the capping of a young man, his father admonishes him. At the marrying away of a young woman, her mother admonishes her, accompanying her to the door on her leaving, and cautioning her with these words, 'You are going to your home. You must be respectful; you must be careful. Do not disobey your husband.'" Thus, to look upon compliance as their correct course is the rule for women. To dwell in the wide house of the world, to stand in the correct seat of the world, and to walk in the great path of the world; when he obtains his desire for office, to practise his principles for the good of the people; and when that desire is disappointed, to practise them alone; to be above the power of riches and honours to make dissipated, of poverty and mean condition to make swerve from principle, and of power and force to make bend - these characteristics constitute the great man.' |
| | 滕文公下: |
周霄问曰：“古之君子仕乎？” |
| Teng Wen Gong II: |
Zhou Xiao asked Mencius, saying, 'Did superior men of old time take office?' |
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孟子曰：“仕。传曰：‘孔子三月无君，则皇皇如也，出疆必载质。’公明仪曰：‘古之人三月无君则吊。’” |
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Mencius replied, 'They did. The Record says, "If Confucius was three months without being employed by some ruler, he looked anxious and unhappy. When he passed from the boundary of a State, he was sure to carry with him his proper gift of introduction." Gong Ming Yi said, "Among the ancients, if an officer was three months unemployed by a ruler, he was condoled with."' |
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“三月无君则吊，不以急乎？” |
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Xiao said, 'Did not this condoling, on being three months unemployed by a ruler, show a too great urgency?' |
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曰：“士之失位也，犹诸侯之失国家也。礼曰：‘诸侯耕助，以供粢盛；夫人蚕缫，以为衣服。牺牲不成，粢盛不洁，衣服不备，不敢以祭。惟士无田，则亦不祭。’牲杀器皿衣服不备，不敢以祭，则不敢以宴，亦不足吊乎？” |
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Mencius answered, 'The loss of his place to an officer is like the loss of his State to a prince. It is said in the Book of Rites, "A prince ploughs himself, and is assisted by the people, to supply the millet for sacrifice. His wife keeps silkworms, and unwinds their cocoons, to make the garments for sacrifice." If the victims be not perfect, the millet not pure, and the dress not complete, he does not presume to sacrifice. "And the scholar who, out of office, has no holy field, in the same way, does not sacrifice. The victims for slaughter, the vessels, and the garments, not being all complete, he does not presume to sacrifice, and then neither may he dare to feel happy." Is there not here sufficient ground also for condolence?' |
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“出疆必载质，何也？” |
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Xiao again asked, 'What was the meaning of Confucius's always carrying his proper gift of introduction with him, when he passed over the boundaries of the State where he had been?' |
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曰：“士之仕也，犹农夫之耕也，农夫岂为出疆舍其耒耜哉？” |
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'An officer's being in office,' was the reply, 'is like the ploughing of a husbandman. Does a husbandman part with his plough, because he goes from one State to another?' |
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曰：“晋国亦仕国也，未尝闻仕如此其急。仕如此其急也，君子之难仕，何也？” |
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Xiao pursued, 'The kingdom of Jin is one, as well as others, of official employments, but I have not heard of anyone being thus earnest about being in office. If there should be this urge why does a superior man make any difficulty about taking it?' |
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曰：“丈夫生而愿为之有室，女子生而愿为之有家。父母之心，人皆有之。不待父母之命、媒妁之言，钻穴隙相窥，逾墙相从，则父母国人皆贱之。古之人未尝不欲仕也，又恶不由其道。不由其道而往者，与钻穴隙之类也。” |
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Mencius answered, 'When a son is born, what is desired for him is that he may have a wife; when a daughter is born, what is desired for her is that she may have a husband. This feeling of the parents is possessed by all men. If the young people, without waiting for the orders of their parents, and the arrangements of the go-betweens, shall bore holes to steal a sight of each other, or get over the wall to be with each other, then their parents and all other people will despise them. The ancients did indeed always desire to be in office, but they also hated being so by any improper way. To seek office by an improper way is of a class with young people's boring holes.' |
| | 曲礼上: |
女子许嫁，缨；非有大故，不入其门。姑姊妹女子子，已嫁而反，兄弟弗与同席而坐，弗与同器而食。父子不同席。 |
| Qu Li I: |
When a young lady is promised in marriage, she wears the strings (hanging down to her neck); and unless there be some great occasion, no (male) enters the door of her apartment. When a married aunt, or sister, or daughter returns home (on a visit), no brother (of the family) should sit with her on the same mat or eat with her from the same dish. (Even) the father and daughter should not occupy the same mat. |
| | 曲礼上: |
名子者不以国，不以日月，不以隐疾，不以山川。男女异长。男子二十，冠而字。父前，子名；君前，臣名。女子许嫁，笄而字。 |
| Qu Li I: |
In giving a name to a son, it should not be that of a state, nor of a day or a month, nor of any hidden ailment, nor of a hill or river. Sons and daughters should have their (relative) ages distinguished. A son at twenty is capped, and receives his appellation. Before his father a son should be called by his name, and before his ruler a minister. When a daughter is promised in marriage, she assumes the hair-pin, and receives her appellation. |
| | 内则: |
男子入内，不啸不指，夜行以烛，无烛则止。女子出门，必拥蔽其面，夜行以烛，无烛则止。道路：男子由右，女子由左。 |
| Nei Ze: |
When a man goes into the interior of the house, he should not whistle nor point. If he have occasion to move in the night, he should, use a light; and if he have no light, he should not stir. When a woman goes out at the door, she must keep her face covered. She should walk at night (only) with a light; and if she have no light, she should not stir. On the road, a man should take the right side, and a woman the left. |
| | 内则: |
礼，始于谨夫妇，为宫室，辨外内。男子居外，女子居内，深宫固门，阍寺守之。男不入，女不出。 |
| Nei Ze: |
The observances of propriety commence with a careful attention to the relations between husband and wife. They built the mansion and its apartments, distinguishing between the exterior and interior parts. The men occupied the exterior; the women the interior. The mansion was deep, and the doors were strong, guarded by porter and eunuch. The men did not enter the interior; the women did not come out into the exterior. |
| | 内则: |
妻将生子，及月辰，居侧室，夫使人日再问之，作而自问之，妻不敢见，使姆衣服而对，至于子生，夫复使人日再问之，夫齐则不入侧室之门。子生，男子设弧于门左，女子设帨于门右。三日，始负子，男射女否。 |
| Nei Ze: |
When a wife was about to have a child, and the month of her confinement had arrived, she occupied one of the side apartments, where her husband sent twice a day to ask for her. If he were moved and came himself to ask about her, she did not presume to see him, but made her governess dress herself and reply to him. When the child was born, the husband again sent twice a day to inquire for her. He fasted now, and did not enter the door of the side apartment. If the child were a boy, a bow was placed on the left of the door; and if a girl, a handkerchief on the right of it. After three days the child began to be carried, and some archery was practised for a boy, but not for a girl. |
| | 内则: |
女子十年不出，姆教婉娩听从，执麻枲，治丝茧，织紝组紃，学女事以共衣服，观于祭祀，纳酒浆、笾豆、菹醢，礼相助奠。 |
| Nei Ze: |
A girl at the age of ten ceased to go out (from the women's apartments). Her governess taught her (the arts of pleasing speech and manners, to be docile and obedient, to handle the hempen fibres, to deal with the cocoons, to weave silks and form fillets, to learn (all) woman's work, how to furnish garments, to watch the sacrifices, to supply the liquors and sauces, to fill the various stands and dishes with pickles and brine, and to assist in setting forth the appurtenances for the ceremonies. |
