| | 鄉黨: |
食不厭精，膾不厭細。食饐而餲，魚餒而肉敗，不食。色惡，不食。臭惡，不食。失飪，不食。不時，不食。割不正，不食。不得其醬，不食。肉雖多，不使勝食氣。惟酒無量，不及亂。沽酒市脯不食。不撤薑食。不多食。祭於公，不宿肉。祭肉不出三日。出三日，不食之矣。食不語，寢不言。雖疏食菜羹，瓜祭，必齊如也。 |
| Xiang Dang: |
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small. He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season. He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce. Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it. He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much. When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it. When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak. Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air. |
| | 滕文公下: |
匡章曰：「陳仲子豈不誠廉士哉？居於陵，三日不食，耳無聞，目無見也。井上有李，螬食實者過半矣，匍匐往將食之，三咽，然後耳有聞，目有見。」 |
| Teng Wen Gong II: |
Kuang Zhang said to Mencius, 'Is not Chen Zhong a man of true self-denying purity? He was living in Wu Ling, and for three days was without food, till he could neither hear nor see. Over a well there grew a plum-tree, the fruit of which had been more than half eaten by worms. He crawled to it, and tried to eat some of the fruit, when, after swallowing three mouthfuls, he recovered his sight and hearing.' |
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孟子曰：「於齊國之士，吾必以仲子為巨擘焉。雖然，仲子惡能廉？充仲子之操，則蚓而後可者也。夫蚓，上食槁壤，下飲黃泉。仲子所居之室，伯夷之所築與？抑亦盜跖之所築與？所食之粟，伯夷之所樹與？抑亦盜跖之所樹與？是未可知也。」 |
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Mencius replied, 'Among the scholars of Qi, I must regard Zhong as the thumb among the fingers. But still, where is the self-denying purity he pretends to? To carry out the principles which he holds, one must become an earthworm, for so only can it be done. Now, an earthworm eats the dry mould above, and drinks the yellow spring below. Was the house in which Zhong dwells built by a Bo Yi? or was it built by a robber like Zhi? Was the millet which he eats planted by a Bo Yi? or was it planted by a robber like Zhi? These are things which cannot be known.' |
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曰：「是何傷哉？彼身織屨，妻辟纑，以易之也。」 |
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'But,' said Zhang, 'what does that matter? He himself weaves sandals of hemp, and his wife twists and dresses threads of hemp to sell or exchange them.' |
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曰：「仲子，齊之世家也。兄戴，蓋祿萬鍾。以兄之祿為不義之祿而不食也，以兄之室為不義之室而不居也，辟兄離母，處於於陵。他日歸，則有饋其兄生鵝者，己頻顣曰：『惡用是鶃鶃者為哉？』他日，其母殺是鵝也，與之食之。其兄自外至，曰：『是鶃鶃之肉也。』出而哇之。以母則不食，以妻則食之；以兄之室則弗居，以於陵則居之。是尚為能充其類也乎？若仲子者，蚓而後充其操者也。」 |
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Mencius rejoined, 'Zhong belongs to an ancient and noble family of Qi. His elder brother Dai received from Gai a revenue of 10,000 zhong, but he considered his brother's emolument to be unrighteous, and would not eat of it, and in the same way he considered his brother's house to be unrighteous, and would not dwell in it. Avoiding his brother and leaving his mother, he went and dwelt in Wu Ling. One day afterwards, he returned to their house, when it happened that some one sent his brother a present of a live goose. He, knitting his eyebrows, said, "What are you going to use that cackling thing for?" By-and-by his mother killed the goose, and gave him some of it to eat. Just then his brother came into the house, and said, "It is the flesh of that cackling thing," upon which he went out and vomited it. Thus, what his mother gave him he would not eat, but what his wife gives him he eats. He will not dwell in his brother's house, but he dwells in Wu Ling. How can he in such circumstances complete the style of life which he professes? With such principles as Zhong holds, a man must be an earthworm, and then he can carry them out.' |
| | 喪大記: |
君之喪，子、大夫、公子、眾士皆三日不食。子、大夫、公子食粥，納財，朝一溢米，莫一溢米，食之無算；士疏食水飲，食之無算；夫人世婦諸妻皆疏食水飲，食之無算。 |
| Sang Da Ji: |
At the mourning rites for a ruler, his (eldest) son, Great officers, his other sons and all the (other) officers (employed about the court), ate nothing for three days, but confined themselves to gruel. (Afterwards) for their consumption they received in the morning a handful of rice, and another in the evening; which they ate without any observance of stated times. Officers (at a distance) were restricted to coarse rice and water for their drink, without regard to any stated times. The wife (of the new ruler), the confirmed wives (of the Great officers), and all the members of their harems, had coarse rice and drank water, having no regard in their eating to stated times. |
| | 間傳: |
斬衰，三日不食；齊衰，二日不食；大功，三不食；小功緦麻，再不食；士與斂焉，則壹不食。故父母之喪，既殯食粥，朝一溢米，莫一溢米；齊衰之喪，疏食水飲，不食菜果；大功之喪，不食醯醬；小功緦麻，不飲醴酒。此哀之發於飲食者也。 |
| Jian Zhuan: |
When a mourner has assumed the sackcloth for a father, for three days he abstains from food; for a mother, for two days. When he has commenced the nine months' mourning, he abstains from three meals; in that of five months or of three, for two. When an ordinary officer takes part in the dressing (of a friend's corpse), he abstains from one meal. Hence at the mourning rites for a father or mother, when the coffining takes place, (the children) take gruel made of a handful of rice in the morning, and the same quantity in the evening. During all the rites for a mother, they eat coarse rice, and drink only water, not touching vegetables or fruits. During the nine months' mourning (the mourners) do not eat pickles of sauces; during that of five months or three, they do not drink. prepared liquor, either new or old. These are the manifestations of sorrow in drinking and eating. |
| | 昭公五年: |
五年，春，王正月，舍中軍，卑公室也，毀中軍于施氏，成諸臧氏，初作中軍，三分公室而各有其一，季氏盡征之，叔孫氏臣其子弟，孟氏取其半焉，及其舍之也，四分公室，季氏檡二，二子各一，皆盡征之，而貢于公，以書使杜洩告於殯曰，子固欲毀中軍，既毀之矣，故告杜洩曰，夫子唯不欲毀也，故盟諸僖閎，詛諸五父之衢，受其書而投之，帥士而哭之。叔仲子謂季孫曰，帶受命於子叔孫曰，葬鮮者自西門，季孫命杜洩。杜洩曰，卿喪自朝，魯禮也，吾子為國政，未改禮而又遷之，群臣懼死，不敢自也，既葬而行，仲至自齊，季孫欲立之，南遺曰，叔孫氏厚，則季氏薄，彼實家亂，子勿與知，不亦可乎，南遺使國人助豎牛，以攻諸大庫之庭，司宮射之，中目而死，豎牛取東鄙三十邑，以與南遺，昭子即位。朝其家眾曰，豎牛禍叔孫氏，使亂大從，殺適立庶，又披其邑，將以赦罪，罪莫大焉，必速殺之。豎，牛懼，奔齊，孟仲之子，殺諸塞關之外，投其首於寧風之棘上，仲尼曰，叔孫昭子之不勞，不可能也，周任有言曰，為政者不賞私勞，不罰私怨，《》云：『』初，穆子之生也，莊叔以周易筮之，遇明夷之謙，以示卜楚丘，曰，是將行，而歸為子祀，以讒人入，其名曰牛，卒以餒死，明夷，日也，日之數十，故有十時，亦當十位，自王已下，其二為公，其三為卿，日上其中，食日為二，旦日為三，明夷之謙，明而未融，其當旦乎，故曰為子祀，日之謙當鳥，故曰明夷于飛，明之未融，故曰垂其翼象，日之動，故曰君子于行，當三在旦，故曰三日不食，離，火也，艮，山也，離為火，火焚山，山敗，於人為言，敗言為讒，故曰有攸往，主人有言，言必讒也，純離為牛，世亂讒勝，勝將適離，故曰其名曰牛，謙不足，飛不翔，垂不峻，翼不廣，故曰其為子後乎，吾子亞卿也，抑少不終。 |
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楚子以屈伸為貳於吳，乃殺之，以屈生為莫敖，使與令尹子蕩如晉逆女，過鄭，鄭伯勞子蕩于氾，勞屈生于菟氏，晉侯送女于邢丘，子產相鄭伯，會晉侯于邢丘。 |
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公如晉，自郊勞至于贈賄，無失禮，晉侯謂女叔齊曰，魯侯不亦善於禮乎，對曰，魯侯焉知禮，公曰，何為，自郊勞至于贈賄，禮無違者，何故不知，對曰，是儀也，不可謂禮，禮所以守其國，行其政令，無失其民者也，今政令在家，不能取也，有子家羈，弗能用也，奸大國之盟，陵虐小國，利人之難，不知其私，公室四分，民食於他，思莫在公，不圖其終，為國君，難將及身，不恤其所，禮之本末，將於此乎在，而屑屑焉習儀以亟，言善於禮，不亦遠乎，君子謂叔侯於是乎知禮。 |
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晉韓宣子如楚送女，叔向為介，鄭子皮，子大叔，勞諸索氏，大叔謂叔向曰，楚王汏侈已甚，子其戒之，叔向曰，汏侈已甚，身之災也，焉能及人，若奉吾幣帛，慎吾威儀，守之以信，行之以禮，敬始而思終，終無不復，從而不失儀，敬而不失威，道之以訓辭，奉之以舊法，考之以先王，度之以二國，雖汏侈若我何，及楚，楚子朝其大夫曰，晉，吾仇敵也，苟得志焉，無恤其他，今其來者，上卿上大夫也，若吾以韓起為閽，以羊舌肸為司宮，足以辱晉，吾亦得志矣，可乎，大夫莫對，薳啟彊曰，可，苟有其備，何故不可，恥匹夫不可以無備，況恥國乎，是以聖王務行禮，不求恥人，朝聘有珪，享覜有璋，小有述職，大有巡功，設机而不倚，爵盈而不飲，宴有好貨，飧有陪鼎，入有郊勞，出有贈賄，禮之至也，國家之敗，失之道也，則禍亂興，城濮之役，晉無楚備，以敗於邲，邲之役，楚無晉備，以敗於鄢，自鄢以來，晉不失備，而加之以禮，重之以睦，是以楚弗能報，而求親焉，既獲姻親，又欲恥之，以召寇讎，備之若何，誰其重此，若有其人，恥之可也，若其未有，君亦圖之，晉之事君，臣曰可矣，求諸侯而麇至，求昏而薦女，君親送之，上卿及上大夫致之，猶欲恥之，君其亦有備矣，不然奈何，韓起之下，趙成，中行吳，魏舒，范鞅，知盈，羊舌肸之下，祁午，張趯，籍談，女齊，梁丙，張骼，輔躒，苗賁皇，皆諸侯之選也，韓襄為公族大夫，韓須受命而使矣，箕襄，邢帶，叔禽，叔椒，子羽，皆大家也，韓賦七邑，皆成縣也，羊舌四族，皆彊家也，晉人若喪韓起，楊肸，五卿，八大夫，輔韓須，楊石，因其十家九縣，長轂九百，其餘四十縣，遺守四千，奮其武怒，以報其大恥，伯華謀之，中行伯魏舒帥之，其蔑不濟矣，君將以親易怨，實無禮以速寇，而未有其備，使群臣往遺之禽，以逞君心，何不可之有，王曰，不穀之過也，大夫無辱，厚為韓子禮，王欲敖叔向以其所不知而不能，亦厚其禮，韓起反，鄭伯勞諸圉，辭不敢見，禮也。 |
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鄭罕虎如齊，娶於子尾氏，晏子驟見之，陳桓子問其故，對曰，能用善人，民之主也。 |
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夏，莒牟夷以牟婁及防茲來奔，牟夷非卿而書，尊地也，莒人愬于晉，晉侯欲止公，范獻子曰，不可，人朝而執之，誘也，討不以師，而誘以成之，惰也，為盟主而犯此二者，無乃不可乎，請歸之，間而以師討焉，乃歸公，秋，七月，公至自晉，莒人來討，不設備，戊辰，叔弓敗諸蚡泉，莒未陳也。 |
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冬，十月，楚子以諸侯及東夷伐吳，以報棘，櫟，麻，之役，薳射以繁揚之師，會於夏汭，越大夫常壽過，帥師會楚子于瑣，聞吳師出，薳啟彊帥師從之，遽不設備，吳人敗諸鵲岸，楚子以馹至於羅汭，吳子使其弟蹶由犒師，楚人執之，將以釁鼓，王使問焉，曰，女卜來吉乎，對曰，吉，寡君聞君將治兵於敝邑，卜之以守龜，曰，余亟使人犒師，請行以觀王怒之疾徐，而為之備，尚克知之，龜兆告吉，曰克可知也，君若驩焉，好逆使臣，滋敝邑休殆而忘其死，亡無日矣，今君奮焉，震電馮怒，虐執使臣，將以釁鼓，則吳知所備矣，敝邑雖羸，若早脩完，其可以息師，難易有備，可謂吉矣，且吳社稷是卜，豈為一人，使臣獲釁軍鼓，而敝邑知備，以禦不虞，其為吉孰大焉，國之守龜，其何事不卜，一臧一否，其誰能當之，城濮之兆，其報在邲，今此行也，其庸有報志，乃弗殺，楚師濟於羅汭，沈尹赤會楚子次於萊山，薳射帥繁揚之師，先入南懷，楚師從之，及汝清，吳不可入，楚子遂觀兵於坻箕之山，是行也，吳早設備，楚無功而還，以蹶由歸，楚子懼吳，使沈尹射待命于巢，薳啟彊待命于雩婁，禮也。 |
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秦后子復歸於秦，景公卒故也。 |
