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| Scope: Pre-Qin and Han Request type: Paragraph |
| Condition 1: Refers to a date no earlier than 300 BC and no later than 280 BC Matched:85. |
| Total 40 paragraphs. Page 1 of 4. Jump to page 1 2 3 4 |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《史書 - Histories》 | Related resources |
《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《本紀 - Annals》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Library Resources |
《周本紀》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《周本紀》 Library Resources |
| 76 | 周本紀: | 三十四年，蘇厲謂周君曰：「秦破韓、魏，撲師武，北取趙藺、離石者，皆白起也。是善用兵，又有天命。今又將兵出塞攻梁，梁破則周危矣。君何不令人說白起乎？曰『楚有養由基者，善射者也。去柳葉百步而射之，百發而百中之。左右觀者數千人，皆曰善射。有一夫立其旁，曰「善，可教射矣」。養由基怒，釋弓搤劍，曰「客安能教我射乎」？客曰「非吾能教子支左詘右也。夫去柳葉百步而射之，百發而百中之，不以善息，少焉氣衰力倦，弓撥矢鉤，一發不中者，百發盡息」。今破韓、魏，撲師武，北取趙藺、離石者，公之功多矣。今又將兵出塞，過兩周，倍韓，攻梁，一舉不得，前功盡棄。公不如稱病而無出』。」 |
| In the thirty-fourth year, Su Li said to the Zhou ruler: "The Qin forces that defeated Han and Wei, crushed Shiwu's army, and captured northern Zhao cities such as Lin and Lishi were all led by Bai Qi. "He is a master of military strategy and also favored by the Mandate of Heaven." "Now he is leading troops beyond the frontier to attack Liang. If Liang falls, Zhou will be in danger." "Why doesn't Your Majesty send someone to persuade Bai Qi?" "He said, 'Chu has Yang Youji, an excellent archer. "From a hundred paces away from the willow leaf, he shoots and hits it every time out of a hundred attempts." "Hundreds of onlookers watched and all praised his archery skills." "A man stood by the side and said, 'Good. You can teach him to shoot.'" "Yang Youji became angry, dropped his bow, gripped his sword, and said, 'How dare you teach me to shoot?'" "The man replied, "It is not that I can teach you how to hold the bow with your left hand and draw it back with your right." "Shooting at a willow leaf from a hundred paces, hitting it every time out of a hundred shots, without pausing to catch your breath—after a while, when one's strength wanes and fatigue sets in, the bow becomes unsteady and the arrow bends. If you miss even once, all the previous efforts are wasted.'" "Now, having defeated Han and Wei, shattered Shiwu's forces, and captured the northern Zhao cities of Lin and Lishi, you have achieved many great feats." "Now you are leading troops beyond the frontier, crossing both Zhou states, bypassing Han, and attacking Liang. If this campaign fails even once, all previous achievements will be lost." "You would be better off claiming illness and not going out.'" |
《秦本紀 - Annals of Qin》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《秦本紀》 Library Resources |
| 65 | 秦本紀: | 昭襄王元年，嚴君疾為相。甘茂出之魏。二年，彗星見。庶長壯與大臣、諸侯、公子為逆，皆誅，及惠文后皆不得良死。悼武王后出歸魏。三年，王冠。與楚王會黃棘，與楚上庸。四年，取蒲阪。彗星見。五年，魏王來朝應亭，復與魏蒲阪。六年，蜀侯煇反，司馬錯定蜀。庶長奐伐楚，斬首二萬。涇陽君質於齊。日食，晝晦。七年，拔新城。摢裏子卒。八年，使將軍羋戎攻楚，取新市。齊使章子，魏使公孫喜，韓使暴鳶共攻楚方城，取唐眛。趙破中山，其君亡，竟死齊。魏公子勁、韓公子長為諸侯。九年，孟嘗君薛文來相秦。奐攻楚，取八城，殺其將景快。十年，楚懷王入朝秦，秦留之。薛文以金受免。樓緩為丞相。十一年，齊、韓、魏、趙、宋、中山五國共攻秦，至鹽氏而還。秦與韓、魏河北及封陵以和。彗星見。楚懷王走之趙，趙不受，還之秦，即死，歸葬。十二年，樓緩免，穰侯魏冉為相。予楚粟五萬石。 |
| In the first year [of King Zhaoxiang's reign], Yan Jun Ji became prime minister. Gan Mao left for Wei. In the second year, a comet appeared in the sky. Shuzhang Zhuang and high-ranking officials, feudal lords, and gongzi (princes) who conspired to rebel were all executed. The queen dowager of King Huwen also did not die a natural death. The widow of Duke Dao Wu was sent back to Wei. In the third year, [King Zhaoxiang] was crowned. He met with King of Chu at Huangji and ceded Shangyong to Chu. In the fourth year, Qin captured Puban. A comet appeared in the sky. In the fifth year, King Wei came to pay homage at Yingting; Qin returned Puban to Wei once again. In the sixth year, Lord Hui of Shu rebelled; Sima Cuo pacified Shu and restored order. Shuzhang Huan attacked Chu and beheaded 20,000 of its soldiers. Jingyang Jun was sent as a hostage to Qi. A solar eclipse occurred, and daylight turned dark. In the seventh year [of King Zhaoxiang's reign], Xincheng was captured. Chu Li zi died. In the eighth year, General Mi Rong was sent to attack Chu and captured Xinshi. Qi sent Zhang Zi, Wei sent Gongsun Xi, and Han sent Bao Yuan to jointly attack Fancheng in Chu; they captured Tangmei. Zhao defeated Zhongshan; its ruler fled and eventually died in Qi. Prince Jing of Wei and Prince Zhang of Han were enfeoffed as feudal lords. In the ninth year, Mengchang Jun Xue Wen came to serve as chancellor of Qin. Huan attacked Chu, captured eight cities, and killed its general Jing Kuai. In the tenth year, King Huai of Chu came to pay homage to Qin, but Qin detained him. Xue Wen was dismissed from office for accepting bribes in gold. Lou Huan became chancellor. In the eleventh year, Qi, Han, Wei, Zhao, Song, and Zhongshan—the five states—jointly attacked Qin; they advanced as far as Yanshi before retreating. Qin ceded the area north of the Yellow River and Fengling to Han and Wei in order to make peace. A comet appeared. King Huai of Chu fled to Zhao, but Zhao refused him entry; he was returned to Qin, where he died and was sent back for burial. In the twelfth year, Lou Huan was dismissed from office, and Ranghou Wei Ran became chancellor. Five hundred thousand dan of grain were given to Chu. | ||
| 66 | 秦本紀: | 十三年，向壽伐韓，取武始。左更白起攻新城。五大夫禮出亡奔魏。任鄙為漢中守。十四年，左更白起攻韓、魏於伊闕，斬首二十四萬，虜公孫喜，拔五城。十五年，大良造白起攻魏，取垣，復予之。攻楚，取宛。十六年，左更錯取軹及鄧。冉免，封公子市宛，公子悝鄧，魏冉陶，為諸侯。十七年，城陽君入朝，及東周君來朝。秦以垣為蒲阪、皮氏。王之宜陽。十八年，錯攻垣、河雍，決橋取之。十九年，王為西帝，齊為東帝，皆復去之。呂禮來自歸。齊破宋，宋王在魏，死溫。任鄙卒。二十年，王之漢中，又之上郡、北河。二十一年，錯攻魏河內。魏獻安邑，秦出其人，募徙河東賜爵，赦罪人遷之。涇陽君封宛。二十二年，蒙武伐齊。河東為九縣。與楚王會宛。與趙王會中陽。二十三年，尉斯離與三晉、燕伐齊，破之濟西。王與魏王會宜陽，與韓王會新城。二十四年，與楚王會鄢，又會穰。秦取魏安城，至大梁，燕、趙救之，秦軍去。魏冉免相。二十五年，拔趙二城。與韓王會新城，與魏王會新明邑。二十六年，赦罪人遷之穰。侯冉復相。二十七年，錯攻楚。赦罪人遷之南陽。白起攻趙，取代光狼城。又使司馬錯發隴西，因蜀攻楚黔中，拔之。二十八年，大良造白起攻楚，取鄢、鄧，赦罪人遷之。二十九年，大良造白起攻楚，取郢為南郡，楚王走。周君來。王與楚王會襄陵。白起為武安君。三十年，蜀守若伐楚，取巫郡，及江南為黔中郡。三十一年，白起伐魏，取兩城。楚人反我江南。三十二年，相穰侯攻魏，至大梁，破暴鳶，斬首四萬，鳶走，魏入三縣請和。三十三年，客卿胡（傷）［陽］攻魏卷、蔡陽、長社，取之。擊芒卯華陽，破之，斬首十五萬。魏入南陽以和。三十四年，秦與魏、韓上庸地為一郡，南陽免臣遷居之。三十五年，佐韓、魏、楚伐燕。初置南陽郡。三十六年，客卿灶攻齊，取剛、壽，予穰侯。三十八年，中更胡（傷）［陽］攻趙閼與，不能取。四十年，悼太子死魏，歸葬芷陽。四十一年夏，攻魏，取邢丘、懷。四十二年，安國君為太子。十月，宣太后薨，葬芷陽酈山。九月，穰侯出之陶。四十三年，武安君白起攻韓，拔九城，斬首五萬。四十四年，攻韓南（郡）［陽］，取之。四十五年，五大夫賁攻韓，取十城。葉陽君悝出之國，未至而死。四十七年，秦攻韓上黨，上黨降趙，秦因攻趙，趙發兵擊秦，相距。秦使武安君白起擊，大破趙於長平，四十餘萬盡殺之。四十八年十月，韓獻垣雍。秦軍分為三軍。武安君歸。王龁將伐趙（武安）皮牢，拔之。司馬梗北定太原，盡有韓上黨。正月，兵罷，復守上黨。其十月，五大夫陵攻趙邯鄲。四十九年正月，益發卒佐陵。陵戰不善，免，王龁代將。其十月，將軍張唐攻魏，為蔡尉捐弗守，還斬之。五十年十月，武安君白起有罪，為士伍，遷陰密。張唐攻鄭，拔之。十二月，益發卒軍汾城旁。武安君白起有罪，死。龁攻邯鄲，不拔，去，還奔汾軍。二月餘攻晉軍，斬首六千，晉楚流死河二萬人。攻汾城，即從唐拔寧新中，寧新中更名安陽。初作河橋。 |
| In the thirteenth year, Xiang Shou attacked Han and captured Wushi. Zuogeng Bai Qi attacked Xincheng. Wudaidfu Li fled and defected to Wei. Ren Bi was appointed as the governor of Hanzhong. In the fourteenth year, Zuogeng Bai Qi attacked Han and Wei at Yique, beheaded 240,000 soldiers, captured Gongsun Xi, and seized five cities. In the fifteenth year, Daliangzao Bai Qi attacked Wei, captured Yuan, but returned it to them again. He attacked Chu and captured Wan. In the sixteenth year, Zuogeng Cuo captured Zhi and Deng. Wei Ran was dismissed; Gongzi Shi Wan, Gongzi Kui Deng, and Wei Ran Tao were enfeoffed as vassal lords. In the seventeenth year, Chengyang Jun came to pay homage, along with King of Dongzhou. Qin renamed Yuan as Puban and Pishi. The king went to Yiyang. In the eighteenth year, Cuo attacked Yuan and Heyong, breached the bridge, and captured them. In the nineteenth year, the king declared himself Western Emperor, while Qi declared itself Eastern Emperor; both later abandoned these titles. Lü Li returned from exile and came back to Qin. Qi defeated Song; King of Song, who was in Wei, died in Wen. Ren Bi died. In the twentieth year, the king went to Hanzhong, then to Shangjun and Behe. In the twenty-first year, Cuo attacked Heinei in Wei. Wei offered Anyi to Qin; Qin expelled its inhabitants and recruited people from Hedong, granting them noble ranks and pardoning criminals for relocation. Jingyang Jun was enfeoffed in Wan. In the twenty-second year, Meng Wu attacked Qi. Hedong was divided into nine counties. Met with King of Chu in Wan. Met with the King of Zhao at Zhongyang. In the twenty-third year, Wei Sili joined forces with the three Jin states and Yan to attack Qi; they defeated them at the western bank of the Ji River. The king met with King Wei in Yiyang, and with King Han in Xincheng. In the twenty-fourth year, he met with King of Chu at Yan, then again at Rang. Qin captured Ancheng from Wei and advanced as far as Daliang; however, the armies of Yan and Zhao came to its rescue, forcing Qin's troops to withdraw. Wei Ran was dismissed from his position as chancellor. In the twenty-fifth year, two cities of Zhao were captured. Met with King Han in Xincheng and with King Wei in Xinmingyi. In the twenty-sixth year, convicts were pardoned and relocated to Rang. Hou Ran was reinstated as chancellor. In the twenty-seventh year, Cuo attacked Chu. Convicts were pardoned and resettled in Nanyang. Bai Qi attacked Zhao and captured the city of Guanglang. Qin also sent Sima Cuo from Longxi, through Shu to attack Qianzhong in Chu, and captured it. In the twenty-eighth year, Daliangzao 白起 attacked Chu, capturing Yan and Deng, and pardoned convicts to relocate them there. In the twenty-ninth year, Daliangzao Bái Qǐ attacked Chu, captured Ying and established it as Nanjun; King of Chu fled. The ruler of Zhou came. The king met with the King of Chu at Xiangling. Bai Qi was conferred the title Wuan Jun. In the thirtieth year, Shou Ruo of Shu attacked Chu, captured Wujun, and took control of the southern bank of the Yangtze River, establishing it as Qianzhong Jun. In the thirty-first year, Bai Qi attacked Wei and captured two cities. The people of Chu rebelled against our forces in the southern bank region. In the thirty-second year, Chancellor Ranghou attacked Wei and advanced to Daliang. He defeated Bao Yuan, beheaded 40,000 troops; Yuan fled, and Wei offered three counties in exchange for peace. In the thirty-third year, Keqing Hu Yang attacked Juan, Caiyang, and Changshe in Wei and captured them. He defeated Mang Mao at Huayang, beheading 150,000 enemy soldiers. Wei ceded Nanyang to Qin in order to make peace. In the thirty-fourth year, Qin combined Shangyong territory of Wei and Han into one commandery; Nanyang exiles were relocated there. In the thirty-fifth year, Qin assisted Han, Wei, and Chu in attacking Yan. Nanyang Jun was first established as a commandery. In the thirty-sixth year, Keqing Zao attacked Qi and captured Gang and Shou, which were granted to Ranghou. In the thirty-eighth year, Zhonggeng Hu Yang attacked Eyu in Zhao but failed to capture it. In the fortieth year, Crown Prince Dao died in Wei and was returned for burial in Zhiyang. In summer of the forty-first year, Qin attacked Wei and captured Xingqiu and Huai. In the forty-second year, Anguo Jun was appointed crown prince. In the tenth month, Empress Dowager Xuan passed away and was buried at Lishan in Zhiyang. In September, Ranghou left for Tao. In the forty-third year, Wuan Jun Bai Qi attacked Han, captured nine cities, and beheaded 50,000 enemies. In the forty-fourth year, they attacked Nanyang in Han and captured it. In the forty-fifth year, Wudaidfu Ben attacked Han and captured ten cities. Ye Yang Jun Kui left his state but died before reaching his destination. In the forty-seventh year, Qin attacked Shangdang in Han; Shangdang surrendered to Zhao. Taking advantage of this, Qin then attacked Zhao, and Zhao mobilized troops to resist, leading to a standoff between the two sides. Qin sent Wuan Jun Bai Qi to attack and decisively defeated Zhao at Changping, killing over 400,000 Sui soldiers. In the tenth month of the forty-eighth year, Han offered Yuanyong to Qin as a tribute. The Qin army was divided into three divisions. Wuan Jun returned. Wang He led the campaign against Zhao (Wuan) Pilao and captured it. Sima Geng pacified Taiyuan to the north, completely securing Shangdang of Han. In the first month, the military campaign ended and forces were redeployed to defend Shangdang. In the tenth month of that year, Wudaidfu Ling attacked Handan in Zhao. In the first month of the forty-ninth year, more troops were dispatched to assist Ling. Ling performed poorly in battle and was relieved of his post; Wang He took over command instead. In the tenth month, General Zhang Tang attacked Wei, but Cai 尉 Juan failed to defend and retreated; he was executed upon his return. In the tenth month of the fiftieth year, Wuan Jun Bai Qi committed a crime and was demoted to commoner status, being exiled to Yinmi. Zhang Tang attacked Zheng and captured it. In the twelfth month, additional troops were deployed to reinforce the army near Fencheng. Wuan Jun Bai Qi was found guilty of a crime and died. Wang He attacked Handan but failed to capture it, withdrew, and returned to the army at Fen. After more than two months of attacking Jin's forces, they beheaded 6,000 enemy soldiers. The defeated Jin and Chu troops drowned in the river, with 20,000 perishing. They attacked Fencheng, then followed Zhang Tang to capture Ningxinzhong, which was renamed Anyang. The construction of a river bridge began for the first time. |
《世家 - Hereditary Houses》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《世家》 Library Resources |
《魯周公世家 - Lu Zhougong Genealogy》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《魯周公世家》 Library Resources |
| 80 | 魯周公世... : | 平公十二年，秦惠王卒。二十（二）年，平公卒，子賈立，是為文公。文公（七）［元］年，楚懷王死于秦。二十三年，文公卒，子讎立，是為頃公。 |
| In the twelfth year of King Pinggong's reign, King Huaiwang of Qin died. In the twentieth year, King Pinggong died; his son Jia became ruler, known as King Wengong. In the first year of King Wengong's reign (the first year), King Huaiwang of Chu died in Qin. In the twenty-third year, King Wengong died; his son Chou was installed as ruler, this known as King Qinggong. |
《衛康叔世家 - Hereditary House of Wei Kangshu》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Library Resources |
| 46 | 衛康叔世... : | 四十二年卒，子懷君立。懷君三十一年，朝魏，魏囚殺懷君。魏更立嗣君弟，是為元君。元君為魏婿，故魏立之。元君十四年，秦拔魏東地，秦初置東郡，更徙衛野王縣，而并濮陽為東郡。二十五年，元君卒，子君角立。君角九年，秦并天下，立為始皇帝。二十一年，二世廢君角為庶人，衛絕祀。 |
| Sijun died in the forty-second year of his reign; his son Huaijun succeeded him. In the thirty-first year of Huaijun's reign, he paid a courtesy visit to Wei (the state), and the State of Wei imprisoned and killed him. The State of Wei then installed Sijun's younger brother as ruler, who became Yuantongjun. Yuantongjun was the son-in-law of the State of Wei, so Wei installed him. In the fourteenth year of Yuantongjun's reign, Qin captured the eastern territories of Wei. For the first time, Qin established Dong Jun (the Eastern Commandery), and moved Weiyewang Xian to it, incorporating Puyang into Dong Jun as well. In the twenty-fifth year, Yuantongjun died; his son Junjiao succeeded him. In the ninth year of Junjiao's reign, Qin unified all under heaven and established himself as the First Emperor. In the twenty-first year, the Second Emperor deposed Junjiao and reduced him to a commoner; thus, the ancestral sacrifices of Wei ceased. |
《宋微子世家 - Song Wei Zi Shijia》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《宋微子世家》 Library Resources |
| 57 | 宋微子世... : | 君偃十一年，自立為王。東敗齊，取五城；南敗楚，取地三百里；西敗魏軍，乃與齊、魏為敵國。盛血以韋囊，縣而射之，命曰「射天」。淫於酒婦人。群臣諫者輒射之。於是諸侯皆曰「桀宋」。「宋其復為紂所為，不可不誅」。告齊伐宋。王偃立四十七年，齊湣王與魏、楚伐宋，殺王偃，遂滅宋而三分其地。 |
| In the eleventh year of King Yan's reign, he proclaimed himself king. To the east, he defeated Qi and captured five cities; to the south, he defeated Chu and seized 300 li of territory; lords In the west, he defeated the Wei army, thus becoming an opposing state to Qi and Wei. They filled leather bags with blood, hung them up, and shot at them; this was called "Shooting the Sky." He indulged in wine and women. Whenever ministers advised him, he shot them. Thus the feudal lords all called it "Jie Song." "Cui will repeat what Zhou did, and cannot go unpunished." They informed Qi to attack Song. King Yan ruled for forty-seven years, when King Min of Qi, together with Wei and Chu, attacked Song. They killed King Yan and thus destroyed Song, dividing its territory among the three states. |
《楚世家 - Genealogy of Chu》 | English translation: AI and Chinese Text Project users [?] | Books referencing 《楚世家》 Library Resources |
| 84 | 楚世家: | 二十七年，秦大夫有私與楚太子鬬，楚太子殺之而亡歸。二十八年，秦乃與齊、韓、魏共攻楚，殺楚將唐眛，取我重丘而去。二十九年，秦復攻楚，大破楚，楚軍死者二萬，殺我將軍景缺。懷王恐，乃使太子為質於齊以求平。三十年，秦復伐楚，取八城。秦昭王遺楚王書曰：「始寡人與王約為弟兄，盟于黃棘，太子為質，至驩也。太子陵殺寡人之重臣，不謝而亡去，寡人誠不勝怒，使兵侵君王之邊。今聞君王乃令太子質於齊以求平。寡人與楚接境壤界，故為婚姻，所從相親久矣。而今秦楚不驩，則無以令諸侯。寡人願與君王會武關，面相約，結盟而去，寡人之願也。敢以聞下執事。」楚懷王見秦王書，患之。欲往，恐見欺；無往，恐秦怒。昭雎曰：「王毋行，而發兵自守耳。秦虎狼，不可信，有并諸侯之心。」懷王子子蘭勸王行，曰：「柰何絕秦之驩心！」於是往會秦昭王。昭王詐令一將軍伏兵武關，號為秦王。楚王至，則閉武關，遂與西至咸陽，朝章臺，如蕃臣，不與亢禮。楚懷王大怒，悔不用昭子言。秦因留楚王，要以割巫、黔中之郡。楚王欲盟，秦欲先得地。楚王怒曰：「秦詐我而又彊要我以地！」不復許秦。秦因留之。 |
| In the twenty-seventh year, a Qin official had a private quarrel with the crown prince of Chu; the crown prince killed him and fled back to Chu. In the twenty-eighth year, Qin joined with Qi, Han, and Wei to jointly attack Chu. They killed General Tang Mei of Chu and captured Chongqiu before withdrawing. In the twenty-ninth year, Qin once again attacked Chu and heavily defeated them; 20,000 soldiers of the Chu army were killed, including our general Jing Que. King Huai was terrified, so he sent his crown prince as a hostage to Qi in order to seek peace. In the thirtieth year, Qin once again launched an attack on Chu and captured eight cities. King Zhao of Qin sent a letter to the King of Chu saying, "Initially, I and Your Majesty made an oath as brothers at Huangji, with your crown prince serving as hostage. The relationship was most harmonious. However, the crown prince insulted and killed one of my important ministers without offering an apology before fleeing. I was truly furious and sent troops to invade Your Majesty's borders. Now I have heard that Your Majesty has sent the crown prince as hostage to Qi in an attempt to seek peace. I and Chu share a border, so we formed marital ties; our friendly relations have lasted for a long time. But now that Qin and Chu no longer maintain good relations, there is nothing to command the feudal lords anymore. lø I wish to meet with Your Majesty at Wuguan Pass in person, make an agreement face-to-face, and form an alliance before parting. This is my sincere desire. I dare to convey this message through your subordinates." King Huai of Chu read King of Qin's letter and was troubled by it. He wanted to go, but feared being deceived; Yet if he did not go, he was afraid that Qin would become angry. Zhao Ju said, "Your Majesty should not go; instead, mobilize troops to defend yourself. Qin is a tiger and wolf; it cannot be trusted and has the ambition to swallow all the feudal states." King Huai's son, Zi Lan, advised the king to go, saying, "How can we sever Qin's goodwill!" Thus King Huai went to meet King Zhao of Qin. King Zhao of Qin deceitfully ordered a general to lie in ambush at Wuguan Pass, pretending to be the king of Qin. When King of Chu arrived, they closed Wuguan Pass and led him westward to Xianyang. He was made to pay homage at Zhangtai Palace as a vassal minister, without being granted equal ceremonial treatment. King Huai of Chu became greatly enraged and regretted not following Zhao Zi's advice. Qin then detained King of Chu, demanding that he cede the commanderies of Wu and Qianzhong in exchange. King of Chu wanted to make a treaty first, but Qin insisted on receiving the land first. King of Chu angrily said, "Qin has deceived me and now is forcefully demanding territory from me!" He no longer agreed to Qin's demands. Qin therefore detained him. | ||
| 86 | 楚世家: | 頃襄王橫元年，秦要懷王不可得地，楚立王以應秦，秦昭王怒，發兵出武關攻楚，大敗楚軍，斬首五萬，取析十五城而去。二年，楚懷王亡逃歸，秦覺之，遮楚道，懷王恐，乃從閒道走趙以求歸。趙主父在代，其子惠王初立，行王事，恐，不敢入楚王。楚王欲走魏，秦追至，遂與秦使復之秦。懷王遂發病。頃襄王三年，懷王卒于秦，秦歸其喪于楚。楚人皆憐之，如悲親戚。諸侯由是不直秦。秦楚絕。 |
| In the first year of King Qingxiang Heng's reign, Qin demanded territory from King Huai and could not obtain it. Chu installed a new king to respond to Qin, which enraged King Zhao of Qin. He mobilized troops, marched out of Wuguan Pass to attack Chu, heavily defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50,000 soldiers, captured fifteen cities in Xi, and withdrew. In the second year, King Huai of Chu escaped back to his state. Qin discovered this and blocked the roads for Chu. Fearing capture, King Huai took a secret route to Zhao in an attempt to return home. Zhao Zhufu was in Dai, and his son King Hui had just ascended the throne and assumed royal duties. He feared to admit King Huai of Chu into Zhao. King of Chu wanted to flee to Wei, but Qin forces pursued him and captured him, returning with the envoys of Qin back to Qin. King Huai then fell ill. In the third year of King Qingxiang's reign, King Huai died in Qin, and Qin returned his funeral procession to Chu. The people of Chu all pitied him, as if mourning a close relative. Because of this, the feudal lords no longer regarded Qin as just or upright. The relations between Qin and Chu were severed. | ||
| 87 | 楚世家: | 六年，秦使白起伐韓於伊闕，大勝，斬首二十四萬。秦乃遺楚王書曰：「楚倍秦，秦且率諸侯伐楚，爭一旦之命。願王之飭士卒，得一樂戰。」楚頃襄王患之，乃謀復與秦平。七年，楚迎婦於秦，秦楚復平。 |
| In the sixth year, Qin sent Bai Qi to attack Han at Yiqu, achieving a great victory and beheading 240,000 enemy soldiers. Qin then sent King of Chu a letter saying: "Chu has betrayed Qin, and therefore Qin will lead the feudal lords to attack Chu and contend for victory in one day. I hope Your Majesty will prepare your soldiers well so that you may enjoy a battle of glory." King Qingxiang of Chu was greatly concerned and therefore planned to reconcile with Qin once again. In the seventh year, Chu sent a delegation to welcome a bride from Qin, and relations between Qin and Chu were restored to peace. | ||
| 88 | 楚世家: | 十一年，齊秦各自稱為帝；月餘，復歸帝為王。 |
| In the eleventh year, Qi and Qin each declared themselves emperor; After more than a month, they again relinquished their titles of emperor and reverted to being kings. |
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