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昔者聖王觀象於乾坤，考度於神明，探命曆之去就，省群后之德業，而賜姓命氏，因彰德功。傳稱氏之徹官百，王公之子第千世能聽其官者，而物賜之姓，是謂百姓。姓有徹品，於王謂之千品。昔堯賜契姓，姬；賜禹姓姒，氏曰有夏；伯夷為姜，氏曰有呂。下及三代，官有世功，則有官族，邑亦如之。後世微末，因是以為姓，則不能故也。故或傳本姓，或氏號邑謚，或氏於，爵，或氏於志，若夫五帝三王之世，所謂號也；文、武、昭、景、成、宣、戴、桓，所謂謚也；齊、魯、吳、楚、秦、晉、燕、趙，所謂國也；王氏、侯氏、王孫、公孫，所謂爵也；司馬、司徒、中行、下軍，所謂官也；伯有、孟孫、子服、叔子，所謂字也；巫氏、匠氏、陶氏，所謂事也；東門、西門、南宮、東郭、北郭，所謂居也；三烏、五鹿、青牛、白馬，所謂志也；凡厥姓氏，皆出屬而不可勝紀也。 |
| | In ancient times, the sage kings observed the phenomena of Heaven and Earth, consulted with divine beings, explored the rise and fall of fate and calendars, examined the virtues and achievements of many rulers, and thus bestowed surnames and family names to highlight virtue and merit. The records state that among those who thoroughly understood the hundred official positions, and among the descendants of kings and princes for a thousand generations who could comprehend their duties, surnames were bestowed according to their status; these are called "the people" (bǎixìng). Surnames have distinct ranks; among the king, they are referred to as a thousand ranks. In ancient times, Yao bestowed the surname Ji upon Qi. He bestowed the surname Si upon Yu, and the family name was Youxia; Boyi was given the surname Jiang, and his clan name was Youlv. Later on into the Three Dynasties, officials who achieved hereditary merit formed official clans, and fiefdoms followed a similar pattern. In later generations, when people were of humble status, they took these as surnames; this was not something that could be changed. Therefore, some passed down their original surnames, others took clan names based on fiefdoms or posthumous titles, some derived theirs from ranks, and others from aspirations. In the era of the Five Emperors and Three Kings, these were referred to as "hao." Wen, Wu, Zhao, Jing, Cheng, Xuan, Dai, and Huan were known as posthumous titles ("shi"). Qi, Lu, Wu, Chu, Qin, Jin, Yan, and Zhao were known as states. Wang Shi, Hou Shi, Wangsun, and Gongsun were known as ranks ("jue"). Simǎ, Situ, Zhonghang, and Xiajun were known as official positions. Boyou, Mengsun, Zifu, and Shuzi were known as courtesy names ("zi"). Wu Shi, Jiang Shi, and Tao Shi were known as surnames derived from occupations. Dongmen, Ximen, Nangong, Dongguo, and Beiguo were known as surnames based on places of residence. Sanwu, Wulu, Qingniu, and Baoma were known as names derived from aspirations or symbolic meanings. All these surnames and clan names originated from various categories and are too numerous to record exhaustively.
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衛侯滅邢，昭公娶同姓，言皆同祖也。近古以來，則不必然。古之賜姓，大諦可用，其餘則難。周室衰微，吳、楚僭號，下歷七國，咸各稱王。故王氏、王孫氏、公孫氏及謚氏官，國自有之，千八百國，謚官萬數，故元不可同也。及孫氏者，或王孫之班也，或諸孫之班也，故同祖而異姓，有同姓而異祖。亦有雜錯，變而相入，或從母姓，或避怨讎。夫吹律定姓，唯聖能之。今民散久，鮮克遠音律。天主尊正其祖。故且略紀顯者，以待士合揖損焉。 |
| | The Duke of Wei destroyed the state of Xing, and Duke Zhao married a woman of the same surname, indicating that they were all descendants of the same ancestor. In more recent ancient times, this was not necessarily the case. In ancient times, bestowed surnames were given with great deliberation and could be used appropriately; others, however, proved difficult to determine. As the Zhou dynasty declined in power, Wu and Chu assumed imperial titles prematurely, and later during the Warring States period, all seven states each declared themselves kings. Therefore, the surnames Wang Shi, Wangsun Shi, Gongsun Shi, and those derived from posthumous titles or official positions naturally existed within each state. With over eight hundred states and tens of thousands of posthumous titles and official ranks, their origins could not possibly be identical. Those with the surname Sun might belong to the lineage of Wangsun or Zhushun, so there were cases where they shared the same ancestor but had different surnames, and also cases where they shared a surname but had different ancestors. There were also instances of confusion and change, with surnames merging into one another; some followed their mother's surname, or changed it to avoid enmity. Determining surnames by the principles of harmony and order is something only a sage can accomplish. Nowadays, the people have long been dispersed, and few are able to trace back to their distant ancestral musical scales or lineages. The Lord of Heaven respects and upholds one's true ancestors. Therefore, we briefly record the prominent ones here, awaiting scholars to collate and refine them.
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伏羲姓風，其後封任、宿、須朐、顓臾四國，實司太曎與有濟之祀，且為東蒙主。魯僖公母成風，蓋須朐之女也。季氏欲伐顓臾，而孔子譏之。 |
| | Fu Xi bore the surname Feng; his descendants were enfeoffed in four states: Ren, Su, Xuqu, and Zhuanyu, who were actually responsible for overseeing the worship of Taixi and Youji, and also served as the lords of Dongmeng. The mother of Duke Xi of Lu, Cheng Feng, was likely a daughter of Xuqu. The Ji clan wanted to attack Zhuanyu, and Confucius criticized them for it.
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炎帝苖冑，四嶽伯夷，為堯典禮，「折民惟刑」，以封申、呂。裔生尚，為文王師，克殷而封之齊，或封許、向，或封於紀，或封於申。城在南陽宛北序山之下，故《》云：「亹亹申伯，王薦之事，于邑于序，南國為式。」宛西三十里有呂望。許在潁川，今許縣是也。姜戎居伊、洛之間，晉惠公徙置陸渾。州、薄、甘、戲、露、帖，及齊之國氏、高氏、襄、隰氏、士氏強氏、東郭氏、雍門氏、子雅氏、子尾氏、子襄氏、子淵氏、子乾氏、公旗氏、翰公氏、賀氏、盧氏，皆姜姓也。 |
| | The descendants of the Yan Emperor, Si Yue Bo Yi, served as ritual officials under Yao; "administering justice to the people through punishment," they were enfeoffed in Shen and Lü. His descendant Shang became a teacher to King Wen; after conquering the Yin, he was enfeoffed in Qi, or perhaps in Xu and Xiang, or enfeoffed at Ji, or at Shen. The city was located beneath the Xushan mountain to the north of Wanyang; hence, the "Shijing" states: "Měiměi Shen Bo, the king recommended him for service; he established a fief and a residence, becoming a model for the southern regions." Thirty li west of Wanyang is Lüwang. Xu was located in Yingchuan, which is now Xuxian County. The Jiang Rong people lived between the Yi and Luo rivers; Duke Hui of Jin relocated them to Luhun. Zhou, Bo, Gan, Xi, Lu, Tie, and the clans Guo Shi, Gao Shi, Xiang Shi, Xi Shi, Shi Shi Qiang Shi, Dongguo Shi, Yongmen Shi, Ziya Shi, Ziwei Shi, Zixiang Shi, Ziyuan Shi, Ziqian Shi, Gongqi Shi, Han Gong Shi, He Shi, and Lu Shi of the State of Qi were all surnamed Jiang.
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黃帝之子二十五人，班為十二：姬、酉、祁、己、勝、蔵、伾、拘、釐、姞、衣氏也。當春秋，晉有祁奚，舉子薦讎，以忠直著。莒子姓己氏。夏之興，有任奚為夏車正，以封於薛，後遷于祁，其嗣仲𧈭居薛，為湯左相。王季之妃大任，及謝、章、昌、采、祝、結、泉、卑、遇、狂大氏，皆任姓也。台氏女為后稷元妃，繁育周先。姞氏封於燕，及鄭文公有賤妾燕姞，夢神與之蘭曰：「余為伯儵，余而祖也。以是有國香，人服媚。」及文公見姞，賜蘭而御之。姞言其夢，且曰：「妾不才，幸而有子，將不信，敢徵蘭乎？」公曰：「諾。」遂生穆公。姞氏之別，有闞、尹、蔡、光、魯、雍、斷、密須氏。及漢，河東有郅都，汝南有郅君章，姓音與古姞同，而書其字異，二人皆著名當世。 |
| | The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, who were divided into twelve clans: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Sheng, Cang, Pi, Ju, Li, Ji, and Yi Shi. During the Spring and Autumn period, the State of Jin had Qi Xi, who recommended his son and even an enemy, becoming renowned for his loyalty and integrity. The ruler of Ju bore the surname Ji Shi. During the rise of the Xia dynasty, Ren Xi served as the official in charge of chariots for the Xia and was enfeoffed at Xue. Later, he moved to Qi; his descendant Zhong ??? resided in Xue and became the left prime minister of King Tang. The wife of Duke Ji, Tai Ren, and the great families Xie, Zhang, Chang, Cai, Zhu, Jie, Quan, Bei, Yu, Kuang Dashi were all surnamed Ren. A woman of the Tai Shi family was the first wife of Hou Ji, giving birth to the ancestors of the Zhou dynasty. The Ji Shi were enfeoffed at Yan; during the reign of Duke Wen of Zheng, there was a low-ranking concubine named Yan Ji, who dreamed that a deity gave her a orchid and said: "I am Bo Shu, your ancestor." Because of this, she was known for possessing the fragrance of a noble state, and people were captivated by her charm. When Duke Wen saw Yan Ji, he presented her with an orchid and took her as his concubine. Yan Ji recounted her dream, and added: "I am unworthy, but if I should happen to bear a child, they may not believe it; dare I take the orchid as proof?" The duke said, "Agreed." She then gave birth to Duke Mu. The Ji Shi clan had branches known as Kan, Yin, Cai, Guang, Lu, Yong, Duan, and Mixu Shi. During the Han dynasty, Hedong had Zhi Du and Ruanan had Zhi Junzhang; their surname's pronunciation was the same as the ancient Ji Shi, but its written form differed. Both men were famous in their time.
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少曎氏之世衰，而九黎亂德，顓頊受之，乃命南正重司天以屬神，命火正黎司地以屬民，使復舊常，無相侵瀆，是謂絕地天通。夫黎、顓頊氏裔子吳回也。為高辛氏火正，淳燿天明地德，光四海也，故名祝融。後三苗復九黎之德，堯繼重、黎之後不忘舊者，羲伯復治之。故重黎氏世序天地，別其分主，以歷三代，而封於程。其在周世，為宣王大司馬，《》美「」。其後失守，適晉為司馬，遷自謂其後。 |
| | As the reign of Shaoxian Shi declined, the Nine Li clans disrupted moral order. Zhuanxu succeeded to the throne and appointed Nanzheng Zhong to oversee heavenly affairs in charge of spiritual matters, and Huozheng Li to oversee earthly affairs in charge of the people, restoring ancient customs so that heaven and earth would not be improperly disturbed; this is known as "Juedi Tiantong," or the separation of celestial and terrestrial authority. The surname Li, descendants of Zhuanxu Shi, includes Wu Hui. He served as the Huozheng (Fire Official) of Gaoxin Shi, illuminating the heavens and cultivating virtue on earth, bringing light to all four seas; thus he was named Zhurong. Later, the Sanmiao once again followed the ways of the Jiuli clans. Yao, continuing the legacy of Zhong and Li without forgetting the past, appointed Xi Bo to govern them anew. Therefore, the Zhong-Li Shi lineage successively governed heavenly and earthly affairs, distinguishing their respective domains, through three successive dynasties, and were enfeoffed at Cheng. During the Zhou dynasty, they served as Da Sima (Grand Master of War) under King Xuan; the "Shijing" praises this with the verse: "The king said to Yin Shi, 'I appoint Cheng Boxiu Fu.'" Later, when they lost their position, some went to the State of Jin and became Sima (military officials), later referring to themselves as descendants of this lineage.
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祝融之孫，分為八姓：己、禿、彭、姜、妘、曹、斯、牟。己姓之嗣飂叔安，其裔子曰董父，實甚好龍，能求其嗜欲以飲食之，龍多歸焉。乃學擾龍，以事帝舜。賜姓曰董，氏曰豢龍，封諸朡川。朡夷、彭姓豕韋，皆能馴龍者也。豢龍逄以忠諫，桀殺之。凡因祝融之子孫，己姓之班，昆吾、藉、扈、溫、董。 |
| | The grandchildren of Zhurong were divided into eight surnames: Ji, Tu, Peng, Jiang, Yun, Cao, Si, and Mou. The descendants of the Ji surname included Liushuan An; his grandson was Dong Fu, who greatly loved dragons and could discern their preferences to feed and care for them accordingly. As a result, many dragons came to him. He then learned how to tame dragons and served Emperor Shun with this skill. He was bestowed the surname Dong, given the clan name Huanlong, and enfeoffed at Zongchuan. The Zongyi people and Peng Xing Shiw ei were all capable of taming dragons. Huanlong Pang offered loyal advice, and Jie had him killed. All descendants of Zhurong who belonged to the Ji surname lineage included Kunwu, Jie, Hu, Wen, and Dong.
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禿姓朡夷、豢龍，則夏滅之。祖姓彭祖、豕韋、諸稽，則商滅之。姜姓會人，則滅之。 |
| | The Tuxing Zongyi and Huanlong clans were eliminated during the fall of the Xia dynasty. The Zu Xing Pengzu, Shiw ei, and Zhujia clans were eliminated during the downfall of the Shang dynasty. Those of the Jiang surname from Huiren were also extinguished.
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妘姓之後封於鄢、會、路、偪陽。鄢取仲任為妻，貪冒愛恡，蔑賢簡能，是用亡邦。會在河、伊之間，其君驕貪嗇儉，減爵損祿，群臣卑讓，上下不臨。詩人憂之，故作《羔裘》、閔其痛悼也，《匪風》、冀君先教也。會仲不悟，重氏伐之，上下不能相使，禁罰不行，遂以見亡，路子嬰兒，娶晉成公姊為夫人，酆舒為政而虐之。晉伯宗怒，遂伐滅路。荀罃武子伐滅偪陽。曹姓封於邾；邾顏子之支，別為小邾，皆楚滅之。 |
| | The descendants of the Yun surname were enfeoffed at Yān, Huì, Lù, and Biyang. The ruler of Yan took Zhong Ren as his wife; she was greedy, arrogant, stingy, and despised the virtuous while neglecting capable individuals, which led to the downfall of their state. The state of Hui was located between the He and Yi rivers; its ruler was arrogant, greedy, stingy, and frugal, reducing ranks and diminishing salaries. As a result, officials became humble and deferential, and there was no unity between rulers and subjects. The poets were concerned about this situation, hence they composed "Gao Qiu" to express sorrow and lamentation for the people's suffering, and "Fei Feng," hoping that the ruler would first receive proper instruction. The ruler of Hui, Zhong Buwu, failed to realize the danger; the Zhong Shi clan attacked him. With no unity between superiors and subordinates, prohibitions and punishments could not be enforced, leading ultimately to its downfall. The ruler of Lu, Zi Ying'er, married the elder sister of Duke Cheng of Jin as his wife, but Feng Shu held power and treated her cruelly. Duke Bozong of Jin became angry and thus attacked and destroyed the state of Lu. Xun Ying Wuzi attacked and annihilated Biyang. The Cao surname was enfeoffed at Zhu; A branch of the Zhu Yanzi lineage, known as Xiaozhu, were all eliminated by Chu.
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羋姓之裔熊嚴，成王封之於楚，是謂粥熊，又號粥子。生四人，伯霜、仲雪、叔熊、季紃。紃嗣為刑子，或封於夔，或封於越。夔子不祀祝融、粥熊，楚伐滅。公族有楚季氏、列宗氏、鬭強氏、良臣氏、耆氏、門氏、侯氏、季融氏、仲熊氏、子季氏、陽氏、無鈞氏、蒍氏、善氏、陽氏、昭氏、景氏、嚴氏、嬰齊氏、來氏、來纖氏、即氏、申氏、訋氏、沈氏、賀氏、減氏、吉白氏、伍氏、沈瀸氏、餘推氏、公建氏、子南氏、子庚氏、子午氏、西氏、王孫、田公氏、舒堅氏、魯陽氏、黑肱氏，皆羋姓也。 |
| | The descendants of the Mi surname included Xiong Yan; King Cheng enfeoffed him at Chu, and he was known as Zhu Xiong, also called Zhuzi. He had four sons: Bo Shuang, Zhong Xue, Shu Xiong, and Ji Xun. Xun succeeded as the ruler of Xingzi; some were enfeoffed at Kui, others at Yue. The ruler of Kui failed to honor Zhurong and Zhu Xiong, so Chu attacked and destroyed him. The royal clan of Chu included the Shi families Ji, Liezong, Dou Qiang, Liangchen, Qi, Men, Hou, Ji Rong, Zhong Xiong, Zi Ji, Yang, Wu Jun, Wei, Shan, Yang (again), Zhao, Jing, Yan, Yingqi, Lai, Laixian, Ji, Shen, She, Shen, He, Jian, Jibai, Wu, Shenjian, Yu Tui, Gongjian, Zinan, Zigeng, Ziwu, Xi, Wangsun, Tian Gong, Shu Jian, Lu Yang, and Heigong; all were surnamed Mi.
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楚季者、王子敖之曾孫也。蚠冒主蒍章者，王子無鈞也。令尹孫叔敖者、蒍章之子也。左司馬戍者、莊王之曾孫也。葉公諸梁者、戍之第三弟也。楚大夫申无畏者，又氏文氏。 |
| | The Ji Shi of Chu were the great-grandsons of Wangzi Ao. Fu Mao Zhu Wei Zhang was Wangzi Wu Jun. Sun Shuao, the Ling Yin (Minister of State), was the son of Wei Zhang. Zuo Sima Shu was a great-grandson of King Zhuangwang. Ye Gong Zhuliang was the third younger brother of Shu. The official Shen Wuwei of Chu also bore the clan name Wen Shi.
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初，紂有蘇氏以妲己女而亡殷。周武王時，有蘇忿生為司寇而封溫。其後洛邑有蘇秦。 |
| | Originally, King Zhou had a consort from the Su Shi family, Lady Daji, whose influence led to the downfall of Yin (Shang). During the reign of King Wu of Zhou, there was Su Fensheng who served as Sikou (Minister of Justice) and was enfeoffed in Wen. Later, in Luoyi there was Su Qin.
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高陽氏之世有才子八人，蒼舒、隤凱、擣戭、大臨、尨降、庭堅、仲容、叔達，天下之人謂之八凱。 |
| | During the reign of Gao Yang Shi, there were eight talented sons: Cangshu, Tuikai, Daoyan, Daling, Mangjiang, Tingjian, Zhongrong, and Shuda. The people throughout the land referred to them as the "Ba Kai" (Eight Heroes).
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後嗣有皋陶，事舜。舜曰：「皋陶！蠻夷滑夏，寇賊姦宄，女作士。」其子伯翳，能議百姓以佐舜、禹，擾馴鳥獸，舜賜姓羸。 |
| | Later descendants included Gao Yao, who served under Emperor Shun. Shun said: "Gao Yao! Barbarians and unruly people, bandits and criminals, you must serve as an official to govern them." His son Boyi was able to advise the people and assist Shun and Yu, taming birds and beasts; thus, Shun bestowed upon him the surname Lei.
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後有仲衍，鳥體人元，為夏帝大戊御。嗣及費仲，生惡來、季勝。武王伐紂，并殺惡來。 |
| | Later came Zhong Yan, a man of bird-like physique and wisdom, who served as charioteer to Emperor Taiwu of the Xia dynasty. His descendants included Feizhong, who had two sons: Elai and Jisheng. King Wu of Zhou attacked King Zhou and killed Elai along with him.
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季勝之後有造父，以善御事周穆王。穆王游西海忘歸，於是徐偃作亂，造父御，一日千里，以征之。王封造父於趙城，因以為氏。其後失守，至於趙夙，仕晉卿大夫，十一世而為列侯，五世而為武靈王，五世亡趙。恭叔氏、邯鄲氏、訾辱氏、嬰齊氏、樓季氏、盧氏、原氏，皆趙羸姓也。 |
| | After Jisheng came Zao Fu, who was skilled in driving chariots and served King Mu of Zhou. King Mu once traveled to the Western Sea and forgot to return, so Xu Yan rebelled. Zao Fu drove the chariot and pursued him at a speed of a thousand li in one day. The king enfeoffed Zao Fu in Zhao Cheng, and thus he took Zhao as his surname. Later, they lost their fiefdom until Zhao Su, who served as a high official in the Jin state. After eleven generations, they became marquises; five generations later, Wu Ling Wang emerged; and after another five generations, the State of Zhao perished. The surnames Gongshu Shi, Handan Shi, Ziru Shi, Yingqi Shi, Louji Shi, Lu Shi, and Yuan Shi are all from the Zhao lineage of the Lei surname.
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惡來後有非子，以善畜，周孝封之於秦，世地理以為西陲大夫，汧秦高是也。其後列於諸侯，五世而稱王，六世而始皇生於邯鄲，故曰趙政。及梁、葛、江、黃、徐、莒、蓼、六、英、皆皋陶之後也。鍾離、運掩、菟裘、尋梁、脩魚，白寘、飛廉、密如、東灌、良、時、白、巴、公巴公巴、郯、復、蒲，皆羸姓也。 |
| | Elai's descendants included Feizi, who was skilled in animal husbandry. King Xiao of Zhou enfeoffed him in Qin. His descendants held the position of western frontier officials for generations; Qian Qin Gao is an example of this lineage. Later, they were enfeoffed as feudal lords; five generations later, the title of king was assumed. Six generations after that, Emperor Qin Shi Huang was born in Handan and was named Zhao Zheng. And the surnames Liang, Ge, Jiang, Huang, Xu, Ju, Liao, Liu, Ying, and others are all descendants of Gao Yao. Zhongli, Yunyan, Tuqiu, Xunliang, Xiuyu, Bai zhi, Feilian, Mira, Dongguan, Liang, Shi, Bai, Ba, Gongba, Tan, Fu, and Pu are all surnames of the Lei lineage.
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帝堯之後為陶唐氏。後有劉累，能畜龍，孔甲賜姓為御龍，以更豕韋之後。至周為唐杜氏。周衰，有隰叔子違周難于晉國，生子輿，為李，以正於朝，朝無閒官，故氏為士氏；為司空，以正於國，國無敗績，故氏司空；食采隨，故氏隨氏。士蒍之孫會，佐文、襄，於諸侯無惡；為卿，以輔成、景，軍無敗政；為成率，居傅，端刑法，法集訓典，國無姦民，晉國之盜逃奔于秦。於是晉侯為請冕服于王，王命隨會為卿，是以受范，卒謚武子。武子文，成晉、荊之盟，降兄弟之國，使無閒隙，是以受郇、櫟。由此帝堯之後，有陶唐氏、劉氏、御龍氏、唐杜氏、隰氏、士氏、季氏、司空氏、趙氏、范氏、郇氏、櫟氏、嬴氏、冀氏、縠氏、薔氏、擾氏、㩏氏、傅氏、楚氏令尹建嘗問范武子之德於文子，文子對曰：「夫子之家事治，言於晉國，竭情無私，其祝史陳信不媿，其家事無猜，其祝史不祈。」建歸，以告，康王曰：「神人無怨，宜夫子之股肱五君，以為諸侯主也。」故劉氏自唐以下漢以上，德著於世，莫若范會之最盛也。斯亦有脩己以安人之功矣。武王克殷，而封帝堯之後於社也。 |
| | The descendants of Emperor Yao were known as the Taotang Shi. Later came Liu Lei, who was skilled in raising dragons; King Kongjia bestowed upon him the surname Yulong (Dragon Raiser), to succeed the descendants of Shiw ei. By the Zhou dynasty, they became known as the Tang Du Shi. As the Zhou dynasty declined, Xishuzi fled from the troubles in Zhou to the state of Jin. He had a son named Yu, who took the surname Li and served as an official at court. Since there were no idle positions in the court, his family adopted the surname Shi Shi; He became Sikong (Minister of Works) and served with integrity to the state. Since there were no failures in governance, his family took the surname Sikuang; They received fiefs in Sui, so their surname became Sui Shi. The grandson of Shi Wei, Hui, assisted Duke Wen and Duke Xiang; he was without ill repute among the feudal lords. He served as a high-ranking official, assisting Dukes Cheng and Jing; there were no failed military campaigns or policies under his administration. He served as Chengshuai (military commander), held the position of Ju Fu, upheld strict laws and punishments, compiled legal codes for training and reference. There were no wicked people in the state, and thieves from the State of Jin fled to Qin. Thus, the ruler of Jin requested ceremonial robes and hats from the king. The king appointed Sui Hui as a high-ranking official; therefore, he was granted the fief of Fan, and upon his death, was posthumously honored with the title "Wuzi." Wuzi Wen concluded alliances between Jin and Jing, subdued the allied states of brothers, ensuring no discord, and thus was granted the fiefs of Xun and Li. Thus, the descendants of Emperor Yao included the Taotang Shi, Liu Shi, Yulong Shi, Tang Du Shi, Xi Shi, Shi Shi, Ji Shi, Sikuang Shi, Zhao Shi, Fan Shi, Xun Shi, Li Shi, Ying Shi, Ji Shi, Hu Shi, Qiang Shi, Rao Shi, Yi Shi, Fu Shi, and Chu Shi. The Lord Chancellor Jian Cang of the State of Chu once asked Wenzhi about the virtue of Marquis Fan Wuzi. Wenzhi replied: "The gentleman's household was well-ordered; when he spoke in the state of Jin, he expressed himself with complete sincerity and without selfishness. His priests and historians presented truthful accounts without shame, there were no suspicions within his family, and his priests and historians did not make false prayers." Jian returned and reported this to King Kang, who said: "A truly virtuous person inspires no resentment; it is fitting that the gentleman served as a trusted minister under five rulers and was regarded as the leader of feudal lords." Therefore, among the Liu clan from the Tang to the Han dynasties, no one's virtue was more renowned in the world than that of Fan Hui. This is indeed a case of cultivating oneself to bring peace and stability to others. King Wu defeated the Yin (Shang) dynasty and enfeoffed the descendants of Emperor Yao in She.
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帝舜姓虞，又為姚，居媯。武王克殷，而封媯滿於陳，是為胡公。陳哀氏、舀氏、咸氏、慶氏、夏氏、宗氏、來氏、儀氏、司徒氏、司城氏，皆媯姓也。 |
| | Emperor Shun's surname was Yu, also known as Yao, and he resided in Gui. King Wu defeated the Yin (Shang), and enfeoffed Guiman in Chen; this was Duke Hu. The surnames Chen Ai Shi, Yao Shi, Xian Shi, Qing Shi, Xia Shi, Zong Shi, Lai Shi, Yi Shi, Situ Shi, and Shicheng Shi are all of the Gui surname.
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厲公孺子完奔齊，桓公說之，以為工正。其子孫大得民心，遂奪君而自立，是為威王，五世而亡。齊人謂陳田矣。漢高祖徙諸田關中，而有第一至第八氏。丞相田千秋、司直田仁，及杜陽田先、碭田先，皆陳後也。武帝賜千秋乘小車入殿，故世謂之車丞相。及莽自謂本田安之後，以王家故更氏云。莽之行詐，寔以田常之風。敬仲之又，有皮氏、占氏、沮氏、與氏、獻氏、子氏、鞅氏、梧氏、坊氏、高氏、笀氏、禽氏。 |
| | Prince Li Gong Ru Zizi Wan fled to Qi; Duke Huan was pleased with him and appointed him as Gongzheng (Minister of Crafts). His descendants greatly won the people's favor, eventually seizing power and establishing their own rule; this was King Wei. Five generations later, the state perished. The people of Qi referred to them as Chen Tian. Emperor Gaozu of Han relocated the various Tians to Guanzhong, and they became the First through Eighth surnames. Chancellor Tian Qianqiu, Sizhi Tian Ren, and Du Yang Tian Xian, Dang Tian Xian are all descendants of the Chen clan. Emperor Wu granted Tian Qianqiu permission to ride a small carriage into the palace, so he was henceforth known in later generations as Che Chengxiang. Wang Mang claimed that he was a descendant of Tian An and changed his surname for the sake of the royal family, thus altering it accordingly. Wang Mang's deceitful conduct was indeed in the style of Tian Chang. The descendants of Jing Zhong You included the surnames Pi Shi, Zhan Shi, Ju Shi, Yu Shi, Xian Shi, Zi Shi, Yang Shi, Wu Shi, Fang Shi, Gao Shi, Bian Shi, and Qin Shi.
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帝乙元子微子開，紂之庶兄也。武王封之於宋，今之睢陽是也。宋孔氏、祝其氏、韓獻氏、季老男氏、巨辰、經氏、事父氏、皇甫氏、華氏、魚氏、而董氏、艾、歲氏、鳩夷氏、中野氏、越椒氏、完氏、懷氏、不弟氏、冀氏、牛氏、司城氏、冈氏、近氏、止氏、朝氏、㪍氏、右歸氏、三㐾氏、王夫氏、宜氏、徵氏、鄭氏、目夷氏、鱗氏、臧氏、虺氏、沙氏、黑氏、圍龜氏、既氏、據氏、磚氏、己氏、成氏、邊氏、戎氏、買氏、尾氏、桓氏、戴氏、向氏、司馬氏，皆子姓也。 |
| | The first son of Emperor Yi was Wei Zikai, who was the illegitimate elder brother of King Zhou. King Wu enfeoffed him in Song, which is now Su Yang. The surnames Song Kong Shi, Zhu Qi Shi, Han Xian Shi, Ji Laonan Shi, Ju Chen, Jing Shi, Shifu Shi, Huangfu Shi, Hua Shi, Yu Shi, Er Dong Shi, Ai, Sui Shi, Jiu Yi Shi, Zhongye Shi, Yuejiao Shi, Wan Shi, Huai Shi, Budi Shi, Ji Shi, Niu Shi, Shicheng Shi, Gang Shi, Jin Shi, Zhi Shi, Chao Shi, Jun Shi, Yougui Shi, San Xian Shi, Wangfu Shi, Yi Shi, Zheng Shi, Muyi Shi, Lin Shi, Cang Shi, Hui Shi, Sha Shi, Hei Shi, Wei Gui Shi, Ji Shi, Ju Shi, Zhuan Shi, Ji Shi, Cheng Shi, Bian Shi, Rong Shi, Mai Shi, Wei Shi, Huan Shi, Dai Shi, Xiang Shi, Sima Shi are all descendants of the Zi surname.
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閔公子弗父河生宋父，宋父生世子，世子生正考父，正考父生孔父嘉，孔父嘉生子木金父；木金父降為士，故曰滅於宋。金父生祁父，祁父生防叔；防叔為華氏所偪，出奔魯，為防大夫，故曰防叔。防叔生伯夏，伯夏叔梁紇，為鄹大夫，故曰鄹叔紇，生孔子。 |
| | Min Gong's son, Fu Fu He, gave birth to Song Fu. Song Fu fathered the crown prince, who in turn fathered Zheng Kao Fu. Zheng Kao Fu had a son named Kong Fu Jia, and Kong Fu Jia had a son named Zi Mu Jin Fu; Zi Mu Jin Fu was demoted to the rank of common official, hence it is said that his lineage declined within Song. Qifu gave birth to Fang Shu; Fang Shu was oppressed by the Hua clan, fled to Lu, and became a magisterial official in Fang, hence he was called Fang Shu. Fang Shu had a son named Bo Xia, who in turn had a son named Shuliang He, who served as an official in Zou and was thus called Zou Shuhe. He was the father of Confucius.
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周靈王之太子晉，幼有成德，聰明博達，溫恭敦敏。穀、雒水鬭，將毀王宮，欲壅之。太子晉諫，以為不順天心，不若脩政。晉平公使叔譽聘於周，見太子，與之言，五稱而三窮，逡巡而退，歸告平公曰：「太子晉行年十五，而譽弗能與言，君請事之。」平公遺師曠見太子晉。太子晉與語，師曠服德，深相結也。乃問曠曰：「吾聞太師能知人年之長短。」師曠對曰：「女色赤白，女聲清汗，火色不壽。」晉曰：「然。吾後三年將上賓于帝，女慎無言，殃將及女。」其後三年而太子死。孔子聞之曰：「惜夫！殺吾君也。」世人以其豫自去期，故傳稱王子喬仙。仙之後，其嗣避周難於晉，家于平陽，田氏王氏。其後子孫世喜養性神仙之術。 |
| | The Crown Prince Jin of King Ling of Zhou, from a young age demonstrated mature virtue; he was intelligent, broad-minded, wise, warm-hearted, respectful, and diligent. The Gu and Luo rivers were in conflict, threatening to destroy the royal palace; there was an intention to block them up. Crown Prince Jin advised against it, arguing that such action went against Heaven's will and suggested instead that the government should reform its administration. Duke Ping of Jin sent Shuyu on a diplomatic mission to Zhou, where he met the Crown Prince. After five exchanges of conversation, Shuyu found himself at a loss three times and hesitantly withdrew. Upon returning, he reported to Duke Ping: "The Crown Prince Jin is only fifteen years old, yet I could not match him in discourse. Your Majesty should treat him with respect." Duke Ping sent Shi Kuang to pay a visit to Crown Prince Jin. Crown Prince Jin conversed with him, and Shi Kuang was deeply impressed by his virtue; they formed a strong bond of mutual respect. The Crown Prince then asked Shi Kuang: "I have heard that the Grand Master is able to discern the length of a person's life." Shi Kuang replied: "Your complexion is reddish-white, your voice clear and perspiring; those with a fiery disposition do not live long." Jin said: "Indeed." I will ascend to the heavens as a guest of Heaven in three years. Do not speak of this, or misfortune will befall you." Three years later, the Crown Prince died. Confucius heard of this and said: "Alas! He has taken the life of my lord." The people, because he foreknew and departed on his own accord before his time, hence the records refer to him as Prince Wang Qiao becoming an immortal. After he became a legendary figure, his descendants fled from the troubles of Zhou to Jin and settled in Pingyang, adopting the surnames Tian Shi and Wang Shi. His later descendants continued through generations to take great interest in cultivating longevity and immortality techniques.
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魯之公故，有蟜氏、后氏、眾氏、臧氏、施氏、孟氏、仲孫氏、服氏、公山氏、南宮氏、叔孫氏、叔仲氏、子我氏、子士氏、季氏、公鉏氏、公巫氏、公之氏、子干氏、華氏、子言氏、子駶氏、子雅氏、子陽氏、東門氏、公折氏、公石氏、叔氏、子家氏、榮氏、展氏、乙氏，皆魯姬姓也。 |
| | The descendants of the lords of Lu included Qiao Shi, Hou Shi, Zhong Shi, Zang Shi, Shi Shi, Meng Shi, Zhongsun Shi, Fu Shi, Gongshan Shi, Nangong Shi, Shusun Shi, Shuzhong Shi, Ziwo Shi, Zishi Shi, Ji Shi, Gongchu Shi, Gongwu Shi, Gongzhi Shi, Ziguan Shi, Hua Shi, Ziyan Shi, Zishe Shi, Ziya Shi, Zi Yang Shi, Dongmen Shi, Gongshe Shi, Gongshi Shi, Shu Shi, Zijia Shi, Rong Shi, Zhan Shi, and Yi Shi; all of these were surnames from the Ji lineage of Lu.
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衛之公族，石氏、世叔氏、孫氏、甯氏、子齊氏、司徒氏、公文氏、折龜氏、公叔氏、公南氏、公上氏、公孟氏、將者，亦常在權寵，為貴臣。及留侯張良，韓公族姬姓也。秦始皇滅韓，良弟死不葬，良散家貲千萬，為韓報讎，擊始皇於博浪沙中，誤椎副車。秦索賊急，良乃變姓為張，匿於下邳，遇神人黃石公，遺之兵法。及沛公之起也，良往屬焉。沛公使與韓信略定韓地，立橫陽君城為韓王，而拜良為韓信都。者、司徒也。俗前音不正，曰信都，或曰司徒，或勝屠，然其本共一司徒耳。後作傳者不知「信都」何因，彊妄生意，以為此乃代王為信都也。凡桓叔之後，有韓氏、言氏、嬰氏、禍餘氏、公族氏、張氏，此皆韓後姬姓也。昔周宣王亦有韓侯，其國也近燕，故《》云：「普彼韓城，燕師所完。」其後韓西亦姓韓，為衛滿所伐，遷居海中。畢公高與周同姓，封於畢，因為氏。周公之薨也，高繼職焉。其後子孫失守，為庶世。及畢萬佐晉獻公，十六年使趙夙御戎，畢萬為右，以滅耿滅魏封萬，今之河北縣是也。魏顆又氏令狐。自萬後九世為魏文侯。文侯孫罃為魏惠王，五世而亡。畢陽之孫豫讓，事智伯，智伯國士待之，豫讓亦以見知之恩報智伯，天下紀其義。魏氏、令狐氏、不雨氏、葉大夫氏、伯夏氏、魏強氏，豫氏、皆畢氏，本姬姓也。周厲王之子友封於鄭。鄭恭叔之後，為公文氏。軒氏、軍氏、子彊氏、強梁氏、卷氏、會氏雅氏、孔氏、趙陽、田章氏、孤氏、王孫氏、史龜氏、羌氏、羌憲氏、邃氏，皆衛姬姓也。 |
| | The noble clans of Wei included Shi Shi, Shishu Shi, Sun Shi, Ning Shi, Ziqi Shi, Situ Shi, Gongwen Shi, Shegui Shi, Gongsu Shi, Gongnan Shi, Gongshang Shi, Gongmeng Shi, and Jiangzhe; these families often held power and favor, serving as high-ranking officials. The Marquis of Liu Hou Zhang Liang was a member of the noble Ji surname lineage of the State of Han. Emperor Qin Shi Huang destroyed the State of Han, and Zhang Liang's younger brother died without being buried. Liang dispersed ten thousand gold pieces from his family's wealth to avenge Han, attacking Emperor Qin Shi Huang at Bolangscha, but mistakenly struck an attendant carriage instead. The Qin dynasty urgently searched for the assassin, so Liang changed his surname to Zhang and hid in Xiapi. There he met a divine figure named Huang Shi Gong, who left him a treatise on military strategy. When Duke Pei rose up, Liang went to join him. Duke Pei ordered Zhang Liang to accompany Han Xin in pacifying the former territory of Han, established Hengyang Jun Cheng as King of Han, and appointed Liang as the governor of Handu. This refers to Situ (Minister of Works). Because the pronunciation was previously inaccurate, it became known as Xindu, or Situ, or Shengtu; however, they all originally referred to one and the same title: Situ. Later historians who compiled records did not know the origin of "Xindu," so they rashly fabricated an interpretation, believing that this was a reference to the King of Dai being known as Xindu. All descendants of Duke Huanshu included the surnames Han Shi, Yan Shi, Ying Shi, Huyu Shi, Gongzu Shi, and Zhang Shi; these were all descendants of the Ji surname lineage from the House of Han. In ancient times, King Xuan of Zhou also had a vassal lord named Han Hou; his state was near Yan. Hence, the "Book of Songs" says: "There lies the city of Han so broad and strong, built by the army of Yan." Later, another clan also named Han in the west was attacked by Wei Man and migrated to live on islands at sea. Bi Gong Gao shared the same surname as the Zhou dynasty, was enfeoffed in Bi, and thus took that as his clan name. After the death of Duke Gong of Zhou, Gao succeeded him in office. Later, his descendants lost their fiefs and became commoners. When Bi Wan assisted Duke Xian of Jin, in the sixteenth year he was ordered to have Zhao Su drive the chariot against the Rong tribes, with Bi Wan as his right-hand man. They destroyed Geng and Wei, and Wan was enfeoffed; this is now Hebei Xian (Hebei County). Wei Ke also took the surname Linghu. Nine generations after Wan came Duke Wen of Wei. The grandson of Duke Wen, Ying, became King Hui of Wei; five generations later, the State of Wei perished. The grandson of Bi Yang, Yu Rang, served Zhibo. Zhibo treated him as a national talent, and in return for this recognition, Yu Rang repaid Zhibo with loyalty; his righteousness was recorded throughout the land. The surnames Wei Shi, Linghu Shi, Buyu Shi, Yedafu Shi, Boxia Shi, Weiqiang Shi, Yu Shi are all descendants of the Bi clan and originally belonged to the Ji surname lineage. The son of King Lie of Zhou, You, was enfeoffed in Zheng. After Gongshu of the State of Zheng, they became known as Gongwen Shi. The surnames Xuan Shi, Jun Shi, Ziqiang Shi, Qiangliang Shi, Juan Shi, Hui Shi Ya Shi, Kong Shi, Zhao Yang, Tian Zhang Shi, Gu Shi, Wangsun Shi, Shiguī Shi, Qiang Shi, Qiangxian Shi, and Sui Shi are all from the Ji surname lineage of Wei.
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晉之公族郄氏，又斑為呂，郄芮又從邑氏為冀，後有呂錡，號駒伯。郄犨食采於苦，號苦成叔；郄至食采於溫，號曰溫季，各以為氏。郄氏之班，有州氏、祁氏。伯宗以直見殺，其子州黎奔又楚，以郄宛直而和，故為子常所妬，受誅。其子嚭奔吳為大宰，懲祖禰之行仍正直遇禍也，乃為謟諛而亡吳。凡郄氏之班，有冀氏、呂氏、苦成氏、溫氏、伯氏；靖侯之孫欒賓，及富氏、游氏、賈氏、狐氏、羊舌氏、季夙氏、籍氏，及襄公之孫孫黶，皆晉姬姓也。 |
| | The noble clan Qie Shi of the Jin state later changed their surname to Bu, and Qie Rui adopted the surname Ji from his fief. Later came Lü Qi, who was known as Ju Bo. Qie Chou received fiefs in Ku and was called Kucheng Shu; Qie Zhi received fiefs in Wen and was known as Wen Ji, and each of them took their respective titles as surnames. Among the branches of the Qie clan were the Zhou Shi and Qi Shi lineages. Bo Zong was killed for his integrity; his son Zhou Li fled to the State of Chu. Because Qie Wan was upright and harmonious, he was envied by Zi Chang and executed as a result. His son Pi fled to Wu and became the Grand Minister; having witnessed the misfortunes that befell his ancestors due to their integrity, he resorted to flattery and thus contributed to the downfall of Wu. All branches of the Qie Shi lineage include Ji Shi, Lü Shi, Kucheng Shi, Wen Shi, and Bo Shi; Jing Hou's grandson, Luan Bin, as well as the surnames Fu Shi, You Shi, Jia Shi, Hu Shi, Yangshe Shi, Jisu Shi, Ji Shi, and Sun Yan, the grandson of Duke Xiang, were all from the Ji surname lineage in Jin.
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晉穆侯生桓叔，桓叔生韓萬，傅晉大夫，十世而為韓武侯，五世為韓惠王，五世而亡國。襄王之孽孫信，俗人謂之韓信都。高祖以信為韓王孫，以信為韓王，後徙王代，為匈奴所攻，自降之。漢遣柴將軍擊之，斬信於參合，信妻子亡入匈奴中。至景帝，信子頹當及孫赤來降，漢封頹當為弓高侯，赤為襄城侯。及韓嫣，武帝時為侍中，貴幸無比。案道侯韓說，前將軍韓魯，皆顯於漢。子孫各隨時帝分陽陵、茂陵、杜陵。及漢陽、金城諸韓，皆其後也。信子孫餘留匈奴中。 |
| | Duke Mu of Jin gave birth to Huanshu, who in turn fathered Han Wan. Han Wan served as a high official in the State of Jin. Ten generations later came Duke Wu of Han; five generations after that was King Hui of Han, and five more generations later the state of Han perished. A bastard descendant of King Xiangwang named Xin; common people called him Han Xin Du. Emperor Gaozu appointed Xin as the grandson of King of Han and made him King of Han. Later, he was transferred to be King of Dai, but after being attacked by the Xiongnu, he surrendered on his own. The Han dynasty sent General Chai to attack him and beheaded Xin at Cenhe; Xin's wife and children fled into the Xiongnu territory. By Emperor Jingdi's reign, Xin's son Tuodang and his grandson Chi surrendered to the Han dynasty. The Han enfeoffed Tuodang as Gonggao Hou and Chi as Xiangcheng Hou. When it came to Han Yan, during Emperor Wu's reign he served as Shizhong (attendant in the palace) and was favored beyond compare. Dao Hou Han Yue, and General Han Lu were both prominent during the Han dynasty. Their descendants each established lineages in Yangling, Maoling, and Dulang according to the reigns of successive emperors. The Hanyang and Jincheng Han families were all descendants of them. Xin's descendants remained in the Xiongnu territory as well.
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駟氏、豐、將氏、國氏、然氏、孔氏、羽氏、良氏、大李氏。十族之祖，穆公之子也，各以字為姓。及伯有氏、馬師氏、褚師氏，皆鄭姬姓也。 |
| | The surnames Si Shi, Feng, Jiang Shi, Guo Shi, Ran Shi, Kong Shi, Yu Shi, Liang Shi, and Dali Shi. The ancestors of the ten clans were sons of Duke Mu; each took their respective courtesy names as surnames. And the surnames Boyou Shi, Mashī Shi, and Chushi Shi were all from the Ji surname lineage of Zheng.
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太伯君吳，端垂衣裳，以治周禮。仲雍嗣立，斷髮文身，倮以為飾。武王克殷，分封其後於吳，令大賜北吳。季扎居延州來，故氏延陵季子。闔閭之弟夫概王奔楚堂谿，因以為氏。此皆姬姓也。 |
| | Taibo ruled Wu, upholding the rites and customs of Zhou by wearing proper attire and governing according to Zhou rituals. Zhongyong succeeded him as ruler, cutting his hair short and tattooing his body, regarding nakedness as a form of adornment. King Wu defeated the Yin dynasty and enfeoffed descendants in Wu, ordering a great bestowal to northern Wu. Jizha lived in Yanzhoulai, hence he was known as Yanning Jizi. The younger brother of Helü, Fugaiwang, fled to Tangxi in the State of Chu and thus took it as his surname. These were all from the Ji surname lineage.
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鄭大夫有馮簡子。後韓有馮亭，為上黨守，嫁禍于趙，以致長平之變。秦有將軍馮劫，與李斯俱誅。有馮唐，與文帝論將帥。後有馮奉世，上黨人也，位至將軍，女為元帝昭儀，因家于京師。其孫衍，字敬通，篤學重義，諸儒號之曰「德行雍雍馮敬通」，著書數十篇，孝章皇帝愛重其文。 |
| | There was a high official named Feng Jianzi in the State of Zheng. Later, in the state of Han there was Feng Ting, who served as governor of Shangdang and passed on misfortune to Zhao, leading to the Changping disaster. In the Qin dynasty there was General Feng Jie, who was executed together with Li Si. There was Feng Tang, who discussed generals and commanders with Emperor Wen. Later came Feng Fengshi, a native of Shangdang, who rose to the rank of general; his daughter became Zhao Yi of Emperor Yuan, and thus their family settled in the capital. His grandson Yan, courtesy name Jingtong, was devoted to learning and valued righteousness; the learned men of his time hailed him as "Dehang Yongyong Feng Jingtong." He authored dozens of essays, which were greatly admired by Emperor Xiaozhang.
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晉大夫郇息事獻公，後世將中軍，故氏中行，食采於智。智果諫智伯而不見聽，乃別族于大史為輔氏。 |
| | A high official named Xun Xi in the Jin state served Duke Xian; later generations led the central army, hence they took the surname Zhonghang and received fiefs in Zhi. Zhi Guo advised Zhibo but was not heeded, so he separated from his clan and took the surname Fu under the Grand Historian.
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晉大夫孫伯黶寔司典籍，故姓籍氏。辛有二子董之，故氏董氏。 |
| | A high official of the Jin state named Sun Boshen was in charge of classical texts, and thus took the surname Ji. Xin You had two sons who managed his affairs; hence they took the surname Dong.
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《》頌宣王，始有「張仲孝友」，至春秋時，宋有張白蔑矣。唯晉張侯、張老，寔為大家。張孟談相趙襄子以滅智伯，遂逃功賞，耕於䏍山。後魏有張儀、張丑。至漢，張姓滋多。常山王張耳，梁人。丞相張蒼，陽武人也。東陽侯張相如。御史大夫張湯，增定律令，以防姦惡，有利於民，又好薦賢達士，故受福祐。子安世為車騎將軍，封富平侯，敦仁儉約，矜遂權而好陰德，是以子孫昌熾，世有賢胤，更封武始，遭王莽亂，享國不絕，家凡四公，世著忠孝行義。前有丞相張禹，御史大夫張忠；後有太尉張酺，汝南人，太傅張禹，趙國人。司邑閭里，無不有張者。河東解邑有張城，有西張城，豈晉張之祖所出邪？ |
| | The "Shi Jing" eulogizes King Xuan, and first mentions "Zhang Zhong Xiaoyou"; by the Spring and Autumn period, there was already a Zhang Baomie in Song. Only Duke Zhang of Jin and Zhang Lao were truly prominent figures. Zhang Mengtan served as the prime minister to Zhao Xiangzi, who destroyed Zhibo; afterwards, he avoided receiving rewards for his merit and went to farm in Shen Mountain. Later, during the Wei dynasty there were Zhang Yi and Zhang Chou. By the Han dynasty, the surname Zhang had become numerous. Prince Changshan Wang Zhang Er was a native of Liang. Chancellor Zhang Cang was a native of Yangwu. Dongyang Hou Zhang Xiangru. Yushi Daifu Zhang Tang added to the laws and decrees in order to prevent corruption and wrongdoing, which was beneficial to the people. He also enjoyed recommending virtuous and capable men, hence receiving divine blessings. His son Anshi became a Chaji General and was enfeoffed as Fuping Hou. He was kind, benevolent, thrifty, and cautious in wielding power while favoring hidden virtues; therefore, his descendants flourished, with generations producing virtuous heirs. They were later re-enfeoffed at Wushi. Despite the turmoil of Wang Mang, their lineage never ceased to hold state positions. In total, four members of the family became marquises or dukes, and for generations they were renowned for their loyalty, filial piety, righteousness, and moral conduct. Earlier there was Chancellor Zhang Yu and Yushi Daifu Zhang Zhong; Later came Taiwei Zhang Pu, a native of Ru'nan, and Taifu Zhang Yu, a native of Zhao Guo. In every district and village, there were people with the surname Zhang. There is a Zhang Cheng in Jie Yi of Hedong, and also a Xi Zhang Cheng; could these be the ancestral hometowns of the Jin dynasty's Zhang clan?
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優性舒唐、鳩、舒龍、舒其、止龍、酈、淫、參、會、六、院、䕁、高國，慶姓樊、尹、駱，嫚姓鄧、優，歸姓胡、有、何，葴姓滑、齊，掎姓棲、䟽，御姓署、番、湯，嵬姓饒、攘、殺，隗姓赤狄、姮姓白狄，此皆大吉之姓。 |
| | The surname You includes Shutang, Jiu, Shulong, Shuqi, Zhilong, Li, Yin, Can, Hui, Liu, Yuan, Zhi, and Gao Guo. The surname Qing includes Fan, Yin, and Luo. The surname Man includes Deng and You. The surname Gui includes Hu, You, and He. The surname Zhen includes Hua and Qi. The surname Ji includes Xi and Shu. The surname Yu includes Shu, Pan, and Tang. The surname Wei includes Rao, Rang, and Sha. The surname Kui includes Chi Di and Cheng Xing Bai Di. These are all surnames of the Da Ji lineage.
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齊有鮑叔，世為卿大夫。晉有鮑癸。漢有鮑宣，累世忠直，漢名臣。漢酈生為使者，弟商為將軍，今高陽諸酈為著姓。昔仲山甫亦姓樊，謚穆仲，封於南陽。南陽者、在今河內。後有樊傾子。曼姓封於鄧，後田氏焉。南陽鄧縣上蔡北有古鄧城，新蔡北有古鄧城。春秋時，楚文王滅鄧。至漢有鄧通、鄧廣。後漢新野禹，以佐命元功封高密侯。孫太后天性慈仁嚴明，約勑諸家莫得權，京師清淨，若無貴戚；勤思憂民，晝夜不怠。是以遭羌兵叛，大水饑饋，而能復之，整平豐穰。太后崩後，群姦相參，競加譖潤，破壞鄧氏，天下痛之。魯昭公母家姓歸氏。漢有隗囂季孟。短即大戎氏，其先本出黃帝。 |
| | The State of Qi had Bao Shu, who for generations held positions as high officials and gentlemen. The Jin state had Bao Gui. The Han dynasty had Bao Xuan, whose family for generations was known for loyalty and integrity; he was a famous minister of the Han. In the Han dynasty, Li Sheng served as an envoy, and his younger brother Shang became a general; today, various Lī families in Gaoyang are prominent surnames. In the past, Zhong Shanfu also bore the surname Fan, posthumously honored as Mu Zhong, and was enfeoffed in Nanyang. Nanyang is located in present-day Hedong. Later came Fan Qingzi. The Man surname was enfeoffed in Deng, and later became the Tian surname. There is an ancient Deng Cheng to the north of Shangcai County in Nanyang, and another ancient Deng Cheng to the north of Xincai. In the Spring and Autumn period, King Wen of Chu destroyed the State of Deng. By the Han dynasty there were Deng Tong and Deng Guang. In the Later Han, Yu of Xinye was enfeoffed as Gaomi Hou for his meritorious service in assisting the founding of the dynasty. Empress Dowager Sun was naturally kind, compassionate, and strict; she issued orders to all families not to wield power, so the capital remained peaceful and orderly, as if there were no noble relatives. She diligently pondered the people's welfare and toiled day and night without respite. Therefore, when Qiang rebels attacked and great floods caused famine, she was still able to restore order and bring about a time of stability and abundant harvests. After the empress dowager's death, corrupt officials conspired against each other, vying to slander and defame one another, leading to the downfall of the Deng clan; people throughout the land mourned this deeply. The mother's family surname of Duke Zhao of Lu was Gui Shi. In the Han dynasty there was Wei Xiao Jimesheng. The surname Duan, also known as Da Rong Shi, originally descended from Huangdi.
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及徐氏、蕭氏、索氏、長勺氏、陶氏、繁氏、騎氏、飢氏、樊氏、荼氏，皆殷氏舊姓也。漢興，相國蕭何封酇侯，本沛人，今長陵蕭其後也。前將軍蕭望之，東海、杜陵蕭其後也。御史大夫有繁延壽，南陵襄陽人也，杜陵、新豐繁其後也。 |
| | The surnames Xu Shi, Xiao Shi, Suo Shi, Changshao Shi, Tao Shi, Fan Shi, Qi Shi, Ji Shi, Fan Shi, and Cha Shi were all ancient surnames from the Yin dynasty. When the Han dynasty was founded, Chancellor Xiao He was enfeoffed as Zuan Hou; he was originally from Pei and is now known to be an ancestor of the Xiao clan in Changling. General Xiao Wangzhi, was a descendant of the Xiao families from Donghai and Dulang. Yushi Daifu Fu Yanshou was a native of Nanling Xiangyang; the Fu families in Dulang and Xinfeng were his descendants.
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周氏、邵氏、畢氏、榮氏、單氏、尹氏、錙氏、富氏、鞏氏、萇氏，此皆周室之世公卿家也。周、召者，周公、召公之庶子，食二公之采，以為主吏，故世有周公、召公不絕也。尹者、本官名也，若宋有太師，楚有令尹、左尹矣。尹吉甫相宣王者大功績，《》云：「尹氏大師，維周之底」也。單穆公、襄公、頎公、靖公，世有明德，次聖之才，故叔嚮美之以後必繁昌。 |
| | The surnames Zhou Shi, Shao Shi, Bi Shi, Rong Shi, Shan Shi, Yin Shi, Zi Shi, Fu Shi, Gong Shi, and Chang Shi were all noble families of officials in the royal court during the Zhou dynasty. The surnames Zhou and Zhao were descendants of the junior branches of Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao; they received fiefs from these two dukes and served as chief officials, hence the lineages of Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao continued unbroken through generations. Yin was originally an official title; for example, the State of Song had a Taishi (Grand Master), and the State of Chu had Lingyin and Zuoyin. Yin Jifu, who served as prime minister to King Xuan, achieved great accomplishments; the "Shijing" says: "The Master of the Yin clan was the pillar of Zhou." Shan Mugong, Xianggong, Qigong, and Jinggong were successive generations of virtuous men with talents second only to the sage; therefore, their descendants were praised for certain prosperity and flourishing.
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苦城、城名也，在鹽池東北。後人書之或為「枯」；齊人聞其音，則書之曰「車」；燉煌見其字，呼之曰「車城」；其在漢陽者，不喜「枯」、「苦」之字，則更書之曰「古城氏」。堂谿、谿谷名也，在汝南西平。禹字子啟者，啟開之字也。前人書堂谿誤作「啟」，後人變之，則又作「開」。古漆彫開、公冶長，前人書「彫」從易，泊作「周」，書「治」漢誤作「蠹」，後人又傳作「古」，或復分為古氏、成氏、常氏、開氏、公氏、冶氏、梁氏、周氏。此數氏者，皆本同末異。凡姓之離合變分，固多此類，可以一況，難勝載也。 |
| | Kucheng is a city name located northeast of Yanchi. Later generations sometimes wrote it as "Ku"; The people of Qi, hearing its pronunciation, recorded it as "Che"; Residents of Dunhuang saw the character and called it "Checheng"; Those in Hanyang disliked the characters "Ku" and "Kǔ," so they changed it to be written as "Gucheng Shi." Tangxi is a valley name located in Xiping, Ruzhou. The character "Yu" for the courtesy name Ziqi refers to the given name Qi Kai's courtesy name. Earlier generations mistakenly wrote Tangxi as "Qi," and later generations altered it again, writing it as "Kai." The ancient names Qidiao Kai and Gongye Chang were sometimes written with errors by earlier generations: the character "彫" was mistakenly taken from Yi, later changed to Zhou; the character "治" in Han dynasty texts was wrongly written as "蠹," and later generations further altered it into "古." As a result, these names were split again into various surnames such as Gu Shi, Cheng Shi, Chang Shi, Kai Shi, Gong Shi, Ye Shi, Liang Shi, Zhou Shi. These several clans all share the same origin but later diverged into different surnames. The merging, splitting, and transformation of surnames naturally contain many such cases; one example can illustrate the rest, but they are too numerous to record exhaustively.
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《》曰：「君子以類族辯物」，「多識前言往行以蓄其德」，「學以聚之，問以辯之。」故略觀世記，采經書，依國士，及有明文，以贊賢聖之後，班族類之祖，言氏姓之出，序此假意二篇，以貽後賢今之焉也。 |
| | The Yi Jing says: "A junzi distinguishes things by classifying clans," "One should widely recognize the words and deeds of former sages to cultivate virtue," and "Study to gather knowledge, and inquire to clarify it." Therefore, by briefly observing the records of the world, drawing from classical texts, relying on the words of distinguished scholars, and following clear evidence, I have compiled these two essays to commend the descendants of sages and virtuous men, establish the ancestors of clans, explain the origins of surnames, and arrange these explanatory discussions for the benefit of future worthy individuals.
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