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刘璋字季玉，江夏人也。为益州刺史，闻曹公征荆州，遣别驾张松诣曹公，曹公时已定荆州，走先主，不复存録松，松劝璋自绝。 |
| | Liu Zhang, courtesy name Jiyu, was a native of Jiangxia. He served as the Inspector of Yizhou. Upon hearing that Cao Gong was launching a campaign against Jingzhou, Liu Zhang sent his assistant Zhongjia Zhang Song to visit Cao Gong. At that time, Cao Gong had already pacified Jingzhou and driven away Emperor Xian, no longer keeping track of or showing concern for Zhang Song. As a result, Zhang Song advised Liu Zhang to cut off ties with him.
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先主姓刘，讳备字玄德，涿郡人也。少语言，善下人，喜怒不形于色，为豫州牧，叛曹公，刘表郊迎，以上宾礼待之，益其兵，使屯新野，曹公南征表，会表卒，子琮请降，先主遂将其衆去，与曹公战于赤壁，大破之，益州牧刘璋降，先主领益州牧，诸葛亮为股肱，法正为谋主，关羽，张飞，马超为爪牙，许靖，麋竺，简雍为宾友，及董和，黄权，李严等，本璋之所授用也。吴壹，费观等，又璋之婚亲也。刘巴者，宿昔之所忌恨也。皆处之显任，尽其器能，有志之士，无不竞劝。 |
| | Emperor Xian, surname Liu, given name Bei, courtesy name Xuande, was a native of Zhuo Jun. He was a quiet speaker and good at showing humility to others, never displaying his joy or anger on his face. When he served as Inspector of Yu Zhou, he rebelled against Cao Gong. Liu Biao met him in the suburbs with the courtesy of a distinguished guest, provided additional troops for him, and stationed them in Xinye. When Cao Gong launched a southern campaign against Liu Biao, Liu Biao died at that time; his son Liu Cong requested surrender. Emperor Xian then led his forces away and fought Cao Gong at Chibi, where he decisively defeated the latter. The Inspector of Yizhou, Liu Zhang, surrendered, and Emperor Xian took over as Inspector of Yizhou. Zhuge Liang served as a trusted aide, Fa Zheng as chief strategist, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao as his key generals, Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Jian Yong as honored guests, along with Dong He, Huang Quan, and Li Yan, who had originally been appointed by Liu Zhang. Wu Yi, Fei Guan, and others were also relatives of Liu Zhang through marriage. Liu Ba was someone who had been long resented and hated in the past. He assigned them all prominent positions, making full use of their talents and abilities. Ambitious men without exception were inspired to strive for excellence.
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魏文帝称尊号，传闻汉帝见害，先主乃发丧制服，即皇帝位于成都，章武三年，病笃，托孤于丞相亮，殂于永安宫。评曰：先主之弘毅宽厚，知人待士，盖有高祖之风，英雄之器焉。及其举国托孤于诸葛亮，而心神无二，诚君臣之至公，古今之盛轨也。 |
| | When Wei Wen Di assumed the title of emperor, it was rumored that Emperor Han had been killed. In response, Emperor Xian observed mourning rites and donned appropriate attire for a funeral. He then declared himself emperor in Chengdu. In the third year of Zhangwu (223 AD), when his illness worsened, he entrusted the care of his young son to Chancellor Zhuge Liang and passed away at Yong'an Palace. Ping said: Emperor Xian was broad-minded, resolute, and generous; he understood people well and treated his subordinates with respect. He indeed possessed the style of Emperor Gaozu and the bearing of a hero. And when he entrusted his entire kingdom to Zhuge Liang, placing absolute trust in him without any second thoughts, it truly embodied the highest standard of loyalty between ruler and minister, a model for both ancient and modern times.
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诸葛亮，字孔明，琅邪人也。每自比于管仲，乐毅，时人莫之许也。唯博陵崔州平，颍川徐庶元直与亮友善，谓为信然，时先主屯新野，徐庶见先主，先主器之。谓先主曰：诸葛孔明者，卧龙也。将军岂愿见之乎。先主遂诣亮，凡三，于是与亮情好日密，关羽，张飞等不悦。先主解之曰：孤之有孔明，犹鱼之有水也。愿诸君勿复言，羽，飞乃止，成都平，以亮为军师将军，先主外出，亮常鎭守成都，足食足兵，先主既帝位，策亮为丞相，録尚书事，先主病笃，召亮，属以后事。谓亮曰：君才十倍曹丕，必能安国，终定大事，若嗣子可辅，辅之，如其不才，君可自取。亮涕泣曰：臣敢竭股肱之力，效忠贞之节，继之以死。先主又为诏敕后主曰：汝与丞相从事，事之如父。 |
| | Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a native of Langya. He often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Yue Yi, but contemporaries did not agree with this self-assessment. Only Boling Cui Zhouping and Yingchuan Xu Shu Yuanzhi, who were friends with Zhuge Liang, believed this to be true. At that time Emperor Xian was stationed in Xinye; Xu Shu met Emperor Xian, who regarded him highly. He said to Emperor Xian: "Zhuge Kongming is a recluse dragon." Would you like to meet him, General?" Emperor Xian then visited Zhuge Liang three times. As a result, the bond between them grew increasingly close day by day, which caused Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to be displeased. Emperor Xian explained: "For me to have Kongming is like a fish having water." "I hope you all will not mention this again," said Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who then ceased their complaints. After Chengdu was pacified, Zhuge Liang was appointed as General of Military Affairs. Whenever Emperor Xian went on military campaigns, Zhuge Liang remained in Chengdu to oversee the city's defense, ensuring sufficient food supplies and armed forces. After Emperor Xian ascended the throne, he conferred upon Zhuge Liang the title of Chancellor and entrusted him with handling all official matters as Grand Secretary. When Emperor Xian fell seriously ill, he summoned Zhuge Liang and entrusted him with affairs concerning his successor. He said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You are certainly capable of stabilizing the state and ultimately achieving great success. If my successor proves worthy, assist him; if he lacks ability, you may take over yourself." Zhuge Liang wept and said: "Minister dares to devote his full strength as a loyal aide, upholding loyalty and integrity until death." Emperor Xian also issued an edict to his successor: "You must treat the Chancellor as you would your father."
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建兴十二年，亮悉大衆由斜谷出，以流马运，据武功五丈原，与司马宣王对于渭南，分兵屯田，耕者杂于渭滨居民之间，而百姓安堵，军无私焉。相持百馀日，亮病，卒于军，初。亮自表后主曰：成都有桑八百株，薄田十五顷，子弟衣食，自有馀饶，至于臣，在外任，无别调度随身，衣食悉仰于官，若死之日，不使内有馀帛，外有赢财，以负陛下，及卒，如其所言。 |
| | In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234 AD), Zhuge Liang led his entire army out from Xiegou Valley, using liuma carts for transport. He took up a position at Wucheng Wu Zhang Yuan and confronted Sima Xuanwang across the southern bank of the Wei River. He divided his forces to establish farmland settlements; farmers mixed among the residents along the banks of the Wei River, and the people lived in peace while the army maintained strict discipline without any private misconduct. After holding their positions for more than a hundred days, Zhuge Liang fell ill and died in his military camp. Initially, Zhuge Liang had previously submitted a report to his successor: "In Chengdu, there are eight hundred mulberry trees and fifteen qing of poor farmland. My descendants' clothing and food will be more than sufficient on their own. As for me, while serving in an official capacity outside the capital, I have not received any special provisions or personal supplies; my clothing and food entirely depend on government rations. On the day of my death, I shall ensure that there is no surplus silk at home nor excess wealth abroad, so as not to betray Your Majesty." When he died, his words proved true. Jian replied: "He would certainly correct any wrongdoing he heard of, without boasting about his own virtues; the credibility of his rewards and punishments was sufficient to move even spirits and deities." The emperor said: "Well said." "If I could have had such a man to advise me, how could there be the burdens of today?" Jian kowtowed and said: "Minister secretly heard the public opinion, which all say that Deng Ai was wrongfully treated. Your Majesty is aware of this but has not addressed it—this is not what Feng Tang once referred to as having obtained Po and Mu but being unable to use them?" The emperor smiled and said: "I had indeed wanted to clarify this matter. Your words have stirred my thoughts." He then issued an edict to clear Deng Ai's name.}}
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评曰：诸葛亮之为相国也。抚百姓，示义轨，约官职，从权制，开诚心，布公道，尽忠益时者虽雠必赏，犯法怠慢者虽亲必罚，服罪输情者虽重必释，游辞巧饰者虽轻必戮，善无微而不赏，恶无纤而不贬，庶事精练，物理其本，循名责实，虚僞不齿，终于邦域之内，咸畏而爱之，刑政虽峻而无怨者，以其用心平而劝戒明也。可谓识治之良才，管，萧之亚匹矣。 |
| | Ping said: Zhuge Liang, as Chancellor of the State, treated the common people with care, set an example of righteousness and conduct, streamlined official positions, followed flexible regulations, showed sincerity, and promoted fairness. Those who served loyally for the good of the times were rewarded even if they had been enemies; those who broke laws or acted negligently were punished even if they were close relatives. Those who confessed their crimes and expressed genuine remorse were released from punishment no matter how severe it might have seemed; those who used evasive words and deceptive rhetoric were executed regardless of how minor the offense appeared to be. No act of goodness, however small, went unrewarded; no wrongdoing, however slight, escaped censure. He meticulously refined all affairs, grasped their fundamental principles, held officials accountable for fulfilling their duties, and disdained falsehoods and deceptions. Within his realm, people universally feared yet loved him. Although the laws were strict, there was no resentment—this was because he governed with fairness in mind and clearly established incentives and deterrents. He can truly be called a man of exceptional talent who understood governance, second only to Guan Zhong and Xiao He.
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关羽字云长，河东人也。先主合徒衆，羽与张飞为之御侮，先主与二人寝则同床，恩若兄弟，而稠人广坐，侍立终日，随先主周旋，不避艰险，先主使羽守下邳，曹公东征，擒羽以归，拜为偏将军，礼之甚厚，袁绍遣大将军顔良攻东郡太守刘延于白马，曹公使张辽及羽为先锋击之，羽望见良麾盖，策马刺良于万衆之中，斩其首还，绍诸将莫能当者，遂解白马围，曹公表封羽为汉寿亭侯，初，曹公壮羽为人，而察其心神无久留之意。谓张辽曰：卿试以情问之，即而辽以问羽。羽叹曰：吾极知曹公待我厚，然吾受刘将军恩，誓以共死，不可背之，吾终不留，吾要当立效以报曹公，而后乃归，辽以羽言报曹公，曹公义之，及羽杀顔良，曹公知其必去也。重加赏赐，羽尽封所赐，而奔先主，左右欲追之。曹公曰：彼各为其主，勿追之。 |
| | Guan Yu, courtesy name Yunchang, was a native of Hedong. When Emperor Xian gathered his followers, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei served as their defenders. Emperor Xian shared a bed with the two men at night, treating them like brothers in affection; yet in public gatherings, they stood by his side all day long, accompanying him through hardships without fear or hesitation. Emperor Xian assigned Guan Yu to defend Xiapi. When Cao Gong led an eastern campaign, he captured Guan Yu and brought him back, appointing him as a General of the Left Wing and treating him with great respect. Yuan Shao sent his general Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the governor of Dongjun at Baima. Cao Gong dispatched Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as vanguard forces against them. Guan Yu spotted Yan Liang's banner from afar, rode into the midst of thousands of enemy soldiers, pierced Yan Liang on horseback, beheaded him, and returned with his head. None among Yuan Shao's generals could withstand this feat, thus lifting the siege at Baima. Cao Kong submitted a recommendation to bestow upon Guan Yu the title of Hanshou Ting Hou (Marquis of Hanshou Pavilion). Initially, Cao Gong admired Guan Yu's character but observed that his heart and mind were not set on staying for long. He said to Zhang Liao: "You may try asking him about his feelings." Soon after, Zhang Liao asked Guan Yu. Guan Yu sighed and said: "I fully understand how kindly Cao Gong has treated me, but I have received a great debt of gratitude from General Liu. I swore to share life and death with him; I cannot betray that oath. Therefore, I will not remain here permanently. However, I must first achieve some feat in order to repay Cao Gong before returning." Zhang Liao reported Guan Yu's words to Cao Gong, who admired his righteousness. After Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, Cao Gong knew he would inevitably leave. Cao Gong generously bestowed additional rewards and honors upon him. Guan Yu sealed all the gifts he had received and then rushed to join Emperor Xian. Cao Gong's attendants wanted to pursue him. Cao Gong said: "He is serving his own lord; do not chase after him."
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张飞，字益德，涿郡人也。先主攻刘璋，飞分定郡县，至江州，破璋将严顔，生获顔。飞呵顔曰：大军至，何以不降而敢拒战。顔答曰：卿等无状，侵夺我州，我州但有断头将军，无有降将军也。飞怒，令左右牵去斫头，顔顔色不变。曰：斫头便斫头，何为怒耶，飞壮而释之，引为宾客，章武元年，迁车骑将军，飞雄壮威猛，亚于关羽，魏谋臣程昱等咸称羽，飞万人之敌也。羽善待卒伍而骄于士大夫，飞爱敬君子而不恤小人。先主常戒之曰：卿刑杀既过差，又日鞭檛健儿，而令在左右，此取祸之道也。飞犹不悛，先主伐吴，飞当率兵万人，自阆中会江州，临发，其帐下将张达范强杀飞。 |
| | Zhang Fei, courtesy name Yide, was a native of Zhuo jun. Emperor Xian launched an attack on Liu Zhang; Zhang Fei was assigned to pacify the commanderies and counties. He reached Jiangzhou, defeated Liu Zhang's general Yan Yan, and captured him alive. Zhang Fei scolded Yan Yan: "The great army has arrived; why did you not surrender but instead dared to resist?" Yan Yan replied: "You people are shameless, invading and seizing our state. Our state has only beheaded generals; there is no such thing as a surrendering general." Zhang Fei became furious and ordered his attendants to drag Yan Yan away for beheading. Yet Yan Yan's expression did not change. He said: "If you are going to behead me, then do so—why get angry?" Impressed by his courage, Zhang Fei released him and invited him as a guest. In the first year of Zhangwu (219 AD), he was promoted to General of Chaji. Zhang Fei was bold, imposing, and fierce; second only to Guan Yu in reputation. Wei's strategists Cheng Yu and others all praised Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as enemies capable of facing ten thousand soldiers. Guan Yu treated his common soldiers well but was arrogant toward the gentry and officials. Zhang Fei respected and loved gentlemen but showed no concern for petty people. Emperor Xian often warned him: "Your excessive punishment and killing are already problematic, and you also frequently whip and beat your strong men while keeping them close by. This is a sure way to invite disaster." Zhang Fei still did not reform his ways. When Emperor Xian launched a campaign against Wu, Zhang Fei was supposed to lead ten thousand troops from Langzhong and rendezvous with Jiangzhou. Just before departure, two of his subordinates, Zhang Da and Fan Qiang, killed him.
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庞统，字士元，襄阳人也。郡命为功曹，性好人伦，勤于长养，每所称述，多过其才，时人怪问之。统答曰：当今天下大乱，雅道陵迟，善人少而恶人多，方欲兴风俗，长道业，不美其谈，即声名不足慕企，不足慕企而为善者少矣。今拔十失五，犹得其半，而可以崇迈世教，使有志者自厉，不亦可乎。守耒阳令，在县不治，免官。吴将鲁肃遗先主书曰：庞士元非百里才也。使处治中，别驾之任，始当展其骥足耳，诸葛亮亦言之于先主，先主见，与善谈，大器之，以为治中从事，亲待亚诸葛亮，为流矢所中，卒，先主痛惜，言则流涕。 |
| | Pang Tong, courtesy name Shiyuan, was a native of Xiangyang. The commandery appointed him as Gongcao (an official in charge of personnel). He had a fondness for human relationships and was diligent in nurturing others. Whenever he praised someone, his assessment often exceeded the person's actual ability, which led contemporaries to question this peculiar behavior. Tong replied: "Nowadays, the world is in great turmoil and refined conduct has declined. There are few virtuous people but many wicked ones. We wish to revive customs and promote moral cultivation; if we do not praise those who speak well, their reputations will lack admiration and aspiration. Without such admiration, there would be even fewer people willing to act virtuously." "Now, if we recommend ten and miss five, we still gain half of them. This can elevate the moral standards of our age and inspire those with aspirations to strive for self-improvement. Is this not acceptable?" He served as magistrate of Leiyang, but while in office he did nothing about governance and was therefore dismissed from his post. Wu's general Lu Su sent a letter to Emperor Xian saying: "Pang Shiyuan is not merely a man capable of governing a hundred li." "He should be assigned to serve as Zhizhong or Zhongjia, and only then can his talents fully unfold." Zhuge Liang also mentioned this to Emperor Xian. When Emperor Xian met him, they had a pleasant conversation, and he greatly valued Pang Tong, appointing him as an official in the Zhizhong office. He was treated with great favor, second only to Zhuge Liang. However, Pang Tong was struck by a stray arrow and died. Emperor Xian mourned his death deeply, shedding tears whenever speaking of him.
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简雍，字宪和，涿郡人也。为昭德将军，时天旱禁酒，酿者有刑，吏于人家索得酿具，论者欲令与作酒者同罚，雍从先主游观，见一男子行道。谓先主曰：彼人欲行淫，何以不缚。先主曰：卿何以知之。雍对曰：彼有淫具，与欲酿者同，先主大笑，而原欲酿者。 |
| | Jian Yong, courtesy name Xianhe, was a native of Zhuojun. He served as General of Zhaode. At that time, a drought led to a ban on alcohol; those who brewed wine faced punishment. Officials searched in private homes and found brewing equipment. Some argued they should be punished equally with the actual brewers. Jian Yong was touring with Emperor Xian when he saw a man walking along the road. He said to Emperor Xian: "That man intends to commit adultery; why not arrest him?" Emperor Xian asked: "How do you know this?" Jian Yong replied: "He has the tools for adultery, just as those who brew wine have brewing equipment." Emperor Xian burst into laughter and pardoned those who had brewed alcohol.
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董和，字幼宰，南郡人也。先主定蜀，与诸葛亮并署大司马府事，献可替否，共为欢交，死之日，家无儋石之贮，亮后为丞相。教与羣下曰：夫参署者，集衆思，广忠益也。若远小嫌，难相违覆，旷阙损矣。违覆而得中，犹弃弊蹻而获珠玉也。然人心苦不能尽，唯徐元直处兹不惑，又董幼宰参署七年，事有不至，至于十反，来相啓吿，苟能慕元直之十一，幼宰之殷勤，有忠于国，则亮可少过矣。又曰：昔初交州平，屡闻得失，后交元直，勤见啓诲，前参事于幼宰，每言则尽，后从事于伟度，数有谏止，虽姿性鄙暗，不能悉纳，然与此四子终始好合，亦足以明其不疑于直言也。其追思和如此。 |
| | Dong He, courtesy name Youzai, was a native of Nan Jun. When Emperor Xian pacified Shu, he shared administrative duties of the Grand Marshal's Office with Zhuge Liang. They advised each other on what to approve or reject and were close friends in joyous companionship. On the day Dong He died, there was not even a dan (a unit) of grain stored at his home. After this, Zhuge Liang became Chancellor. He instructed his subordinates: "Those who serve as advisors should gather collective wisdom and broaden the contributions of loyalty and benefit." "If they avoid minor disagreements, it becomes difficult to offer opposing views or corrections, which results in neglect and loss." To oppose and correct while achieving the right course is like discarding a broken shoe to gain pearls and jade. However, people find it difficult to fully achieve this. Only Xu Yuanzhi remained free from confusion in such matters. Dong Youzai served as an advisor for seven years; whenever there were unfinished affairs, he would return repeatedly up to ten times to report and inform me. If I could emulate even one-tenth of Xu Yuanzhi's clarity or a fraction of Dong Youzai's diligence and loyalty to the state, then my mistakes might be fewer. He also said: "In the past, when I first associated with Zhou Ping, I often heard of his gains and losses. Later, in my association with Yuanzhi, he diligently advised me on matters. When I previously worked under Youzai as an advisor, every time he spoke, he gave full expression to his views. Later, while working under Weidu, there were frequent warnings and dissuasions. Although my nature is coarse and obscure, I could not fully accept all of their advice; nevertheless, throughout the beginning and end of our relationships with these four men, we maintained harmonious cooperation, which was sufficient proof that I did not doubt sincere and direct speech." This is how he remembered and honored Dong He.
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允，字休昭，和子也。迁为侍中，甚尽匡救之理，后主严惮之，后主渐长大，爱宦人黄晧，晧便辟侮谄，欲自容人，允常上则正色匡主，下则数责于晧，晧畏允，不敢为非，终允之世，晧位不过黄门丞，陈祗代允为侍中，与晧互相表里，晧始预政事，只死后，晧从黄门令为中常侍，奉车都尉，操弄威柄，终至覆国，蜀人无不追思允。 |
| | Yun, courtesy name Xiuzhao, was the son of Dong He. Yun was later promoted to Shizhong (Attendant-in-Ordinary), and he fulfilled his duties of advising and correcting the emperor with great diligence. Emperor Hou Zhu feared him greatly. As Emperor Hou Zhu gradually grew older, he developed a fondness for Huang Hao, an eunuch who was smooth-talking, flatteringly sycophantic, and sought to ingratiate himself with others. Yun often confronted the emperor in a serious manner when necessary, while also frequently reprimanding Huang Hao directly. Fearing Yun, Huang Hao dared not act improperly during Yun's lifetime; as long as Yun lived, Huang Hao never rose beyond the position of Huangmen Cheng (a minor official). After Chen Zhi succeeded Yun as Shizhong, he and Huang Hao formed a mutual alliance, allowing Huang Hao to begin participating in political affairs. After Chen Zhi died, Huang Hao was promoted from Huangmen Ling (Head of the Yellow Gate) to Zhongchangshi (Attendant-in-Attendance), Fengche Duyi (Commander of the Imperial Escort). He then manipulated power and authority, ultimately leading to the downfall of Shu. No one in Shu failed to look back with nostalgia on Yun.
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张裔，字君嗣，蜀郡人也。丞相亮以为府长史。常称曰：公赏不遗远，罚不阿近，爵不可以无功取，刑不可以势贵免，此贤愚之所以佥忘其身者也。 |
| | Zhang Yi, courtesy name Junsi, was a native of Shu Jun. Chancellor Zhuge Liang appointed him as head clerk in his office. He often said: "Your Excellency rewards without overlooking the distant and punishes without favoring the near. Titles cannot be obtained without merit, nor can punishment be avoided through power or rank. This is why both the wise and the foolish alike forget themselves in their loyalty."
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黄权，字公衡，巴西人也。州牧刘璋召为主簿，时别驾张松建议，宜迎先主，使伐张鲁。权谏曰：左将军有骁名，今请到，欲以部曲遇之，则不满其心，欲以宾客礼待之，则一国不容二君，若客有泰山之安，则主有累卵之危矣。璋不听，出权为广汉长，先主遂袭取益州，诸县望风影附，权闭城门坚守，须刘璋稽服，乃诣先主，先主假权偏将军。 |
| | Huang Quan, courtesy name Gongheng, was a native of Bazhou. The Inspector of the commandery, Liu Zhang, summoned him as chief clerk. At that time Zhongjia Zhang Song proposed a suggestion: it was advisable to welcome Emperor Xian and have him attack Zhang Lu. Quan advised: "General Left has a reputation for valor. If we invite him here now, treating him as our subordinate will not satisfy his ambitions; but if we treat him with the courtesy due to a guest, then one state cannot accommodate two rulers. Should this 'guest' enjoy the stability of Mount Tai, the host ruler would face the danger of an egg balanced on a pile." Liu Zhang did not listen and instead reassigned Quan to serve as magistrates of Guanghan. Emperor Xian then launched a surprise attack on Yizhou; all the commanderies submitted upon hearing his approach, but Quan closed the city gates and held out firmly until Liu Zhang surrendered. Only then did he go to meet Emperor Xian, who appointed him General of the Left Wing.
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先主将东伐吴。权谏曰：吴人捍战，又水军顺流，进易退难，臣请为先驱以尝寇，陛下宜为后鎭，先主不从，以权为鎭北将军，督江北军，南军败绩，先主引退，而道隔绝，权不得还，故率将所领降于魏，有司执法，白收权妻子。先主曰：孤负黄权，权不负孤也。待之如初，魏文帝谓权曰：君舍逆效顺，欲追踪陈，韩邪。权对曰：臣过受刘主殊遇，降吴不可，还蜀无路，是以归命，且败军之将，免死为幸，何古人之可慕也。文帝善之，拜为鎭南将军，封育阳侯，加侍中，使之陪乘，蜀降人或云诛权妻子，权知其虚言，未便发丧，后得审问，果如所言，及先主薨，问至魏，羣臣咸贺，而权独否。 |
| | Emperor Xian was about to launch an eastern campaign against Wu. Quan advised: "The people of Wu are fierce in battle, and their naval forces have the advantage of flowing downstream. Advancing is easy but retreating difficult. I request to serve as vanguard to test the enemy; Your Majesty should remain at the rear for command." Emperor Xian did not follow this advice, instead appointing Quan as General of Beizhen (North Pacification) and commanding the northern bank forces. When the southern army suffered a defeat, Emperor Xian withdrew but found his retreat cut off. Unable to return, Quan led his troops in surrendering to Wei. The officials enforcing the law reported this and requested that Quan's wife and children be seized as punishment. Emperor Xian said: "I have wronged Huang Quan; it is not he who has betrayed me." He treated him as before. Emperor Wen of Wei said to Quan: "You have abandoned rebellion in favor of loyalty, seeking to emulate Chen and Han?" Quan replied: "I was greatly favored by Emperor Liu, and could not surrender to Wu. There is no way back to Shu, so I have come to submit my life. Moreover, as a general who has suffered defeat, I am fortunate merely to escape death—how can I possibly emulate any ancient figures?" Emperor Wen was pleased and appointed him as General of Nanzhen (South Pacification), bestowed the title of Yuyang Hou, added the position of Shizhong, and allowed him to accompany the emperor in his carriage. Some among those who surrendered from Shu claimed that Quan's wife and family had been executed. Knowing this was false, Quan did not immediately mourn them. Later, after receiving confirmation, it turned out exactly as he had suspected. After Emperor Xian died, the news reached Wei; all officials celebrated, but only Quan refused to do so.
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蒋琬，字公琰，零陵人也。随先主入蜀，除广都长，先主尝因游观奄至广都，衆事不理，时又沉醉，先主大怒，将加罪戮。诸葛亮请曰：蒋琬，社稷之器，非百里之才，其为政以安民为本，不以修饰为先，愿公重加察之，先主雅敬亮，但免官而已，亮每言，公琰托志忠雅，当与吾共赞王业者也。密表后主，臣若不幸，后事宜以付琬，亮卒，琬为尚书令，迁大将军，録尚书事，时新丧元帅，远近危竦，琬出类拔萃，处羣僚之右，既无戚容，又无喜色，神守举止，有如平日，由是衆望渐服，加大司马。 |
| | Jiang Wan, courtesy name Gongyan, was a native of Lingling. He followed Emperor Xian into Shu and was appointed magistrates of Guangdu. Once, while touring the area, Emperor Xian suddenly arrived in Guangdu without prior notice; he found that many affairs had not been handled, and at that time Jiang Wan was also heavily drunk. Emperor Xian became furious and intended to punish or execute him. Zhuge Liang pleaded: "Jiang Wan is a man of statecraft, not merely one capable of governing a hundred li. His governance prioritizes the people's peace and stability over superficial improvements. I beg you to reconsider." Emperor Xian held great respect for Zhuge Liang and only dismissed Jiang Wan from his post without further punishment. Zhuge Liang often said: "Gongyan is loyal, upright, and committed; he is one who should share with me in supporting the royal cause." Zhuge Liang secretly submitted a recommendation to Emperor Hou Zhu: "If I am unfortunate enough to pass away, all affairs should be entrusted to Jiang Wan." After Zhuge Liang died, Jiang Wan was appointed as Shangshu Ling (Minister of the Secretariat) and later promoted to Grand General in charge of secretarial affairs. At that time, with their great leader recently deceased, people near and far felt anxious and uneasy. Yet Jiang Wan stood out among his peers, taking a leading position. He showed neither sorrow nor joy on his face; his composure and demeanor remained as they had always been. As a result, public confidence gradually returned to him, and he was later elevated to Grand Marshal (Da Sima).
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东曹掾杨戏，素性简略，琬与言论，时不应答。或欲构戏于琬曰：公与戏语而不见应，戏之慢上，不亦甚乎。琬曰：人心不同，各如其面，面从后言，古人之所诫也。戏欲赞吾是邪，则非其本心，欲反吾言，则显吾之非，是以默然，是戏之快也。又督农杨敏曾毁琬曰：作事愦愦，诚非及前人，或以白琬，主者请推治敏。琬曰：吾实不如前人，无可推也。主者重据据疑请，听不听不字倒，推，则乞问其愦愦之状。琬曰：苟其不如，则事不当理，事不当理，则愦愦矣。复何问邪，后敏坐事系狱，衆人犹惧其必死，琬心无适莫，得免重罪。 |
| | Dongcao Yuan Yang Xi, who by nature was simple and unassuming, often did not respond when Jiang Wan engaged him in conversation. Some people wanted to accuse Yang Xi of disrespect toward Jiang Wan, saying: "You spoke with Master Xi but received no response. Isn't his disregard for you extremely disrespectful?" Wan replied: "People's hearts differ as their faces do. To agree on the surface but dissent later is what ancient people warned against." "If Xi wished to praise me, it would not be from his true heart; if he wished to contradict my words, that would expose my faults. Therefore, he remained silent—this is what makes Xi a straightforward man." Another official, Du Nong Yang Min, once criticized Jiang Wan by saying: "He acts in a muddled and indecisive manner; indeed, he is not as capable as his predecessors." Someone reported this to Jiang Wan. The responsible officials requested permission to investigate and punish Yang Min. Wan said: "I am indeed not as capable as my predecessors; there is no need for an investigation." The responsible official, citing lingering doubts, requested further inquiry. Whether to approve or not was uncertain; thus, he asked for an investigation into the nature of Yang Min's accusations that Wan acted "muddled and indecisively." Wan said: "If I am indeed not up to the task, then my affairs should be handled improperly. If my affairs are mishandled, that is precisely what 'muddled and indecisive' means." "There is no need to ask further," he said. Later, when Yang Min was imprisoned for another matter, people still feared that he would surely die. However, Jiang Wan treated the case without bias or favoritism, and in the end, Yang Min escaped a severe punishment.
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杨戏字文然，犍为人也。为射声校尉，著季汉辅臣赞。 |
| | Yang Xi, courtesy name Wenran, was a native of Qianwei. He served as She Sheng Jiao Wei (Commander of the Archery Corps) and authored "Ji Han Fu Chen Zan" ("Eulogies for the Assistants of the Later Han Dynasty").
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| | 吴志上: |
孙权字仲谋，吴郡人，策弟也。策薨，以事授权，权待张昭以师傅之礼，而周瑜，程普，吕范等为将率，招延俊秀，聘求名士，鲁肃，诸葛瑾等，始为宾客，分部诸将，鎭抚山越，讨不从命，赤乌元年，初，权信任校事吕壹，壹性苛惨，用法深刻，太子登数谏，权不纳，大臣由是莫敢言，后壹奸罪发露伏诛，权引咎责躬，乃使中书郎袁礼吿谢诸将，因问时事所当损益。 |
| | Sun Quan, courtesy name Zhongmou, was a native of Wu Jun and the younger brother of Sun Ce. After Sun Ce died, he entrusted the affairs to Sun Quan. Sun Quan treated Zhang Zhao with the courtesy of a teacher and mentor, while Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Fan, and others served as generals. He recruited talented individuals and sought out renowned scholars; Lu Su, Zhuge Jin, and others first became his guests. He assigned various commanders their positions to pacify the mountain Yue people and suppress those who disobeyed orders. In the first year of Chiwu (238 AD), at first, Sun Quan entrusted Jiaoshi Lü Yi with authority. Lü Yi was harsh and cruel in nature, enforcing laws severely. Crown Prince Deng repeatedly advised against this, but Sun Quan did not listen. As a result, no ministers dared to speak out. Later, when Lü Yi's corrupt crimes were exposed and he was executed, Sun Quan took responsibility for his mistake and personally apologized by sending Zhongshulang Yuan Li to inform the generals of his regret. He then asked about what should be added or removed in current affairs.
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| | 吴志上: |
孙休，字子烈，权第六子也。弟亮废，孙綝使迎休，改元永安，以丞相濮阳兴及左将军张布有旧恩，委之以事，布典宫省，兴关军国，休鋭意于典籍，欲与韦曜，盛冲讲论道艺，曜，冲素皆切直，布恐入侍发其阴失，令己不得专，因妄饰说以拒遏之。休答曰：孤之涉学，所见不少，其明君暗主，奸臣贼子，成败之事，无不览也。今曜等入，但欲与讲论书耳，不为从曜等始更受学也。纵复如此，亦何所损，君特当以曜等恐道臣下奸变之事，以此不欲令入耳，布得诏陈谢，重自序述，又言惧妨政事。休答曰：书籍之事，患人不好，好之无伤也。此无所为非，而君以为不宜，是以孤有所及耳，政务学业，其流各异，不相妨也。不图君今日在事，更行此于孤也。良所不取，布拜表叩头。休答曰：聊相开悟耳，何至叩头乎。如君之忠诚，远近所知，诗云，靡不有初，鲜克有终，终之实难，君其终之，初，休为王时，布为左右将督，素见信爱，及至践祚，厚加宠待，专擅国势，多行无礼，自嫌瑕短，惧曜，冲言之，故尤患忌，休虽解此旨，心不能悦，更恐其疑惧，竟如布意，废其讲业，不复使冲等入。 |
| | Sun Xiu, courtesy name Zilie, was the sixth son of Sun Quan. After his brother Sun Liang was deposed, Sun Chen sent for Sun Xiu to be installed as emperor. He changed the era name to Yong'an. Because of past kindnesses from Chancellor Pu Yangxing and Left General Zhang Bu, he entrusted them with affairs; Zhang Bu oversaw palace matters, while Pu Yangxing managed military and state affairs. Sun Xiu was keenly interested in classical texts and wished to discuss Confucian learning and the arts with Wei Yao and Sheng Chong. However, since both Wei Yao and Sheng Chong were known for their straightforwardness, Zhang Bu feared that if they entered court service, they might expose his hidden faults and prevent him from holding exclusive power. Therefore, he fabricated false arguments to oppose and block them. Sun Xiu replied, "My study of learning has given me many insights. I have examined all matters—whether wise rulers or foolish sovereigns, loyal ministers or treacherous sons—the successes and failures are well known to me." "Now that Wei Yao and others have entered court, they merely wish to discuss the classics with me; I am not beginning anew to study from them." "Even if this were the case, what harm would it cause? You are merely afraid that Wei Yao and others might reveal corrupt acts among your subordinates, hence you do not wish to allow them in." Upon receiving the imperial decree, Zhang Bu made a formal apology, reiterated his own explanation, and further stated that he feared they would interfere with government affairs. Sun Xiu replied, "The problem with books is not their existence but people's lack of interest in them; having an interest in them does no harm." "This is not wrong, yet you consider it inappropriate; therefore, I have intervened. Government affairs and scholarly study are different matters and do not interfere with each other." "I did not expect that today, while you hold office, you would act in this way toward me." Such conduct is unacceptable. Zhang Bu kowtowed and submitted a memorial of apology. Sun Xiu replied, "I was merely trying to enlighten you; it is not necessary to kowtow." Zhang Bu's loyalty was well known far and wide. As the Classic of Poetry says, "All have a beginning; few reach an end." It is indeed difficult to maintain one's virtue until the end—please see that you do so. When Sun Xiu was still a prince, Zhang Bu had served as his close general and supervisor, and had long been trusted and favored by him. After Sun Xiu ascended the throne, he greatly honored and treated Zhang Bu with favor; however, Zhang Bu became increasingly domineering in state affairs and often acted disrespectfully. Because of his own flaws and shortcomings, he feared that Wei Yao or Sheng Chong might speak against him, so he especially resented them. Although Sun Xiu understood this motive, he was not pleased and even more worried about Zhang Bu's suspicions and fears. In the end, as Zhang Bu wished, Sun Xiu abandoned his plan to study, and no longer allowed Sheng Chong or others to enter court.
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| | 吴志上: |
孙晧，字元宗，权孙也。休薨，迎立晧。晧既得志，粗暴骄盈，多忌讳，好酒色，大小失望，凤皇二年，晧爱妾或使人至市，劫夺百姓财物，司市中郎将陈声，素晧幸臣也。绳之以法，妾诉晧，晧大怒，假他事，烧锯断声头，投其身于四望之下，天玺元年，会稽大守车浚，湘东大守张咏不出算缗，就在所斩之，狥首诸郡。 |
| | Sun Hao, courtesy name Yuanzong, was the grandson of Sun Quan. After Sun Xiu died, they welcomed and installed Sun Hao as emperor. After Sun Hao achieved his ambitions, he became coarse, violent, and arrogant. He was filled with suspicions and taboos, indulged in wine and women, and both the officials and common people were disappointed. In the second year of Fenghuang (273 AD), one of Sun Hao's favorite concubines sent someone to the market to rob the property of ordinary citizens. Chen Sheng, who was a middle-ranking Langjiang officer responsible for the market and had long been favored by Sun Hao, reported the matter to Sun Hao. The concubine complained to Sun Hao, who became furious and fabricated another charge, using a burning saw to behead Chen Sheng and then threw his body into the Four Wangs River. In the first year of Tianxi (276 AD), Kuaiji Commandery Governor Che Xun and Xiangdong Commandery Governor Zhang Yong failed to submit their tax records; Sun Hao had them executed on the spot and displayed their heads in all the commanderies as a warning.
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| | 吴志上: |
天纪三年，晋命杜预向江陵，王浚，唐彬浮江东下，初，晧每宴会羣臣，无不咸令沉醉，置黄门郎十人，特不与酒，侍立终日，为司过之吏，宴罢之后，各奏其阙失，逆视之咎，谬言之愆，罔有不举，大者即加威刑，小者辄以为罪，后宫数千，而采择无已，又激水入宫，宫人有不合意者，辄杀流之，或剥人之面，或凿人之眼，岑昏险谀贵幸，致位九列，好兴功役，衆所患苦，是以上下离心，莫为尽力，盖积恶已极，不复堪命故也。四年，浚，彬所至，则土崩瓦解，皓奉书于浚，浚受皓之降，。 |
| | In the third year of Tianji (279 AD), the Jin dynasty ordered Du Yu to advance toward Jiangling, while Wang Jun and Tang Bin sailed down the Yangtze River. At first, whenever Sun Hao held banquets for his ministers, he made sure that all were drunk. He stationed ten Huangmen Lang officials who were specifically forbidden from drinking wine; they had to stand by throughout the day as overseers of misconduct. After each banquet ended, these officials would report any shortcomings or mistakes—whether disrespectful glances or inappropriate words—without exception. For serious offenses, he immediately imposed harsh punishments; for minor ones, he still treated them as crimes. With thousands in his harem, he continued to select and take more concubines without end. He also diverted water into the palace, and if a palace woman failed to meet his expectations, he would kill her or throw her body down the river. Some had their faces skinned; others had their eyes gouged out. Cen Hun, who was treacherous and fawning, gained great favor and rose to high rank among the Nine Ministers. He enjoyed initiating grand construction projects, which caused widespread suffering among the people. Because of this, both officials and commoners became disaffected and no longer gave their full efforts. This was because Sun Hao's accumulated evils had reached an extreme point; he could no longer command loyalty or obedience. In the fourth year (280 AD), wherever Wang Jun and Tang Bin advanced, resistance collapsed like crumbling walls. Sun Hao sent a letter to Wang Jun surrendering; Wang Jun accepted his submission. {{The original text lacked these five characters "浚受皓之降," which have now been added.
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张昭，字子布，彭城人也。孙策创业，命昭为长史，升堂拜母，如比肩之旧，文武之事，一以委昭，每得北方士大夫书疏，专归美于昭，昭欲嘿而不宣，则惧有私，宣之则恐非宜也。进退不安，策闻之。欢笑曰：昔管子相齐，一则仲父，二则仲父，而桓公为霸者宗，今子布贤，我能用之，其功名独不在我乎。 |
| | Zhang Zhao, courtesy name Zibù, was a native of Pengcheng. When Sun Ce began establishing his cause, he appointed Zhang Zhao as Changshi (chief clerk) and honored him by inviting him into the hall to pay respects to his mother, treating him like an old friend of equal status. All matters related to civil administration and military affairs were entrusted entirely to Zhang Zhao. Whenever Sun Ce received letters or documents from northern scholars and officials, they always praised Zhang Zhao exclusively. If Zhang Zhao remained silent about these praises, he feared it might be seen as concealing a private favor; but if he publicized them, he worried that it would not be appropriate. Torn between these concerns and feeling uneasy about the situation, Zhang Zhao reported this to Sun Ce. Sun Ce laughed and said, "In the past, Guan Zhong served as prime minister of Qi. When Duke Huan of Qi first appointed him, he called him 'Zhongfu,' and when he later reaffirmed his trust in him, he again addressed him as 'Zhongfu.' Yet it was Duke Huan who became the leader among the feudal lords. Now that Zibù is virtuous and I am able to employ him, should not the glory and achievements be mine alone?"
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策临亡，以弟权托昭，昭率羣僚立而辅之，权每田猎，常乘马射虎，虎常突前攀持马鞍。昭变色而前曰：将军何有当尔，夫为人君者，谓能驾御英雄，驱使羣贤，岂谓驰逐于原野，校勇猛兽者乎。如有一旦之患，柰天下笑何。权谢昭曰：年少虑事不远，权于武昌，临钓台饮酒，大醉。权使人以水洒羣臣曰：今日酣饮，惟醉堕台中，乃当止耳，昭正色不言，出外车中坐，权遣人呼昭还。谓曰：为共作乐耳，公何为怒乎。昭曰：昔纣为糟丘酒池长夜之饮，当时亦以为乐，不以为恶也。权嘿然有惭色，遂罢酒。 |
| | When Sun Ce was on his deathbed, he entrusted his younger brother Sun Quan to Zhang Zhao. Zhang Zhao led the officials in establishing and assisting Sun Quan. Whenever Sun Quan went hunting, he often rode a horse while shooting tigers; sometimes, the tiger would charge forward and grab hold of the saddle. Zhang Zhao turned pale and stepped forward, saying, "How can a general behave in such a manner? To be a ruler means to be able to command heroes and lead the virtuous. How could it mean galloping across open fields and competing with fierce beasts for bravery?" "If there is a sudden misfortune, how will you face the ridicule of the entire world?" Sun Quan apologized to Zhang Zhao and said, "I am young and have not considered matters far enough ahead." While in Wuchang, Sun Quan was drinking at the Diaotai (fishing terrace) when he became very drunk. Sun Quan had people sprinkle water on the ministers and said, "Today we will drink heartily until someone falls drunk from the terrace—that is when we shall stop." Zhang Zhao maintained a serious expression without saying anything and sat in his carriage outside. Sun Quan sent someone to call Zhang Zhao back. He said, "I was merely trying to enjoy some fun with you all—why are you angry?" Zhang Zhao said, "In the past, King Zhou of Shang built wine pools and drunkards' hills for all-night drinking sessions. At that time too, people considered it fun, not evil." Sun Quan fell silent with a look of shame and thus ended the drinking session.
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每朝见言论，辞气壮厉，义形于色，曾以直言逆旨，中不进见，后遣中使劳问，因请见昭。昭曰：昔太后，桓王不以老臣属陛下，而以陛下属老臣，是以思尽臣节，以报厚恩，使泯没之后，有可称述，而意虑浅短，违逆盛旨，自分幽沦，长弃沟壑，不图复蒙引见，得奉帷幄，然臣愚，所以事国，志在忠益，毕命而已，若乃变心易虑，以偸荣取容，此臣所不能也。权辞谢焉。 |
| | Whenever Zhang Zhao spoke during court audiences, his words and tone were bold and resolute, with righteousness clearly evident on his face. Once, he gave a direct reply that went against the emperor's wishes; as a result, Sun Quan did not summon him to court for some time. Later, Sun Quan sent an imperial messenger to inquire after Zhang Zhao's well-being and then personally requested an audience with him. Zhang Zhao said, "In the past, Empress Dowager and King Huan did not entrust me to Your Majesty, but entrusted Your Majesty to an old minister like myself. Therefore, I have always wished to fulfill my duty as a loyal subject in order to repay their great kindness, so that after my death there might still be something worthy of praise. However, due to my shallow thinking and short-sightedness, I offended the imperial will. I expected only to be forgotten and cast into obscurity for the rest of my life. I did not expect Your Majesty would again grant me an audience and allow me to serve in your inner court. Yet, as a foolish subject, this is how I have served the state: with loyalty and dedication until death. If I were to change my mind or alter my purpose merely to gain favor and avoid disgrace, that is something I am utterly incapable of doing." Sun Quan responded with words of apology and gratitude.
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| | 吴志上: |
权以公孙渊称藩，遣张弥，许晏至辽东，拜渊为燕王。昭谏曰：渊背魏惧讨，远来求援，非本志也。若渊改图，欲自明于魏，两使不反，不亦取笑于天下乎。权与相反覆，昭意弥切，权不能堪。案刀而怒曰：吴国士人，入宫则拜孤，出宫则拜君，孤之敬君，亦为至矣。而数于衆中折孤，孤尝恐失计。昭孰视权曰：臣虽知言不用，而每竭愚忠者，诚以太后临崩，呼老臣于床下，遗诏顾命之言故耳，因涕泣横流，权掷刀致地，与昭对泣，昭容貌矜严，有威风。权常曰：孤与张公言，不敢妄也。举邦惮之。 |
| | Sun Quan, because Gong Sun Yuan declared himself a vassal state, sent Zhang Mi and Xu Yan to Liaodong to bestow the title of King of Yan upon Gong Sun Yuan. Zhang Zhao advised, "Gong Sun Yuan has turned his back on Wei out of fear of punishment and has come far to seek aid; this is not in accordance with our original intentions." "If Gong Sun Yuan changes his plan and tries to clear himself before Wei, the two envoys will not return. Would this not invite ridicule from all under heaven?" Sun Quan debated back and forth with him, but Zhang Zhao's advice became even more urgent; Sun Quan could no longer bear it. He brandished a sword and angrily said, "The scholars of Wu who enter the palace bow to me; when they leave, they bow to you. My respect for you has already reached its utmost." "Yet you repeatedly criticize me in public. I have often feared that my plans might fail." Zhang Zhao looked intently at Sun Quan and said, "Although I know my words will not be heeded, I still strive to offer my loyal advice. This is because when Empress Dowager was on her deathbed, she called me to the foot of her bed and left behind a final decree entrusting you to me." Saying this, Zhang Zhao wept bitterly. Sun Quan threw his sword onto the ground and wept with him. Zhang Zhao had a dignified appearance and an imposing presence. Sun Quan often said, "When I speak with Lord Zhang, I dare not be careless." The whole country feared him.
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| | 吴志上: |
顾谭，字子默，吴郡人也。祖父雍卒，代雍平尚书事，是时鲁王霸有盛宠，与太子和齐衡。谭上疏曰：臣闻有国有家者，必明嫡庶之端，异尊卑之礼，高下有差，阶级逾邈，如此则骨肉之恩生，觊觎之望绝，昔贾谊陈治安之计，论诸侯之势，以为势重，虽亲必有逆节之累，势轻，虽疏必有保全之祚，故淮南亲弟，不终飨国，失之于势重也。吴芮疏臣，传祚长沙，得之于势轻也。今臣所陈，非有偏，诚欲以安太子而便鲁王也。由是霸与谭有隙。 |
| | Gu Tan, courtesy name Zimo, was a native of Wu jun. lineno When his grandfather Gu Yong died, Gu Tan succeeded him in handling the affairs of Ping Shangshu (Minister of Works). At that time, Lu Wang Ba enjoyed great favor and was on equal footing with Crown Prince He. Gu Tan submitted a memorial stating, "I have heard that those who govern a state or manage a family must clearly distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate heirs, and establish different rites for the noble and the lowly. There should be clear distinctions in rank so that hierarchy is evident; only then can familial affection flourish while ambitions of usurpation are extinguished. In ancient times, Jia Yi proposed strategies for national stability by discussing the power of feudal lords, arguing that when a vassal's power was too great, even close relatives would eventually face rebellion and downfall. When their power was limited, even distant relations could maintain peace and security. Hence, Prince Huainan, though a beloved younger brother to Emperor Wen, did not ultimately inherit his state; this failure stemmed from the excessive weight of his authority." In contrast, Wu Rui, a distant relative, was granted the fief of Changsha and passed it down through generations; this success came precisely from his limited power. What I have presented now is not biased in any way; indeed, it is my sincere desire to ensure the Crown Prince's safety and also benefit Prince Ba. Because of this, Lu Wang Ba became resentful toward Gu Tan and a rift developed between them.
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| | 吴志上: |
步骘，字子山，临淮人也。拜骠骑将军，都督西陵，中书吕壹典校文书，多所纠举。骘上疏曰：伏闻诸典校，掷抉细微，吹毛求瑕，重案深诬，趣陷人以成威福，无罪无辜，横受大刑，是以吏民局天蹐地，谁不战栗，昔之狱官，唯贤是任，故民无寃枉，升泰之祚，实由此兴，今之小臣，动与古异，狱以贿成，轻忽人命，归咎于上，为国速怨，甚可仇疾，明德慎罚，哲人惟刑，书传所美，自今蔽狱，都下则宜谘顾雍，武昌则陆逊，潘浚，平心专意，务在得情，骘党神明，受罪何恨，此三臣者，思虑不至则已，岂敢专擅威福，欺其所天乎。权亦觉寤，遂诛吕壹。 |
| | Bu Zhi, courtesy name Zishan, was a native of Linhuai. He was appointed as Biaoqi Jiangjun (General of the Chariot and Horse), and Inspector-in-Chief of Xiling. Zhongshu Lü Yi, who oversaw official documents, frequently investigated and reported on various matters. Bu Zhi submitted a memorial saying, "I have heard that the officials responsible for reviewing documents are picking out trivial details, nitpicking over minor flaws, and fabricating serious charges to pressure people into false confessions. As a result, innocent individuals suffer cruel punishments. Because of this, officials and commoners alike live in fear, with no one feeling secure. In former times, judicial officers were appointed only if they were virtuous; thus the people had no grievances, and national stability was achieved through such justice. Today's petty officials act differently from those of old. They decide cases based on bribes, disregard human lives, and shift blame onto superiors, bringing swift resentment to the state—this is truly something to be condemned. The virtue of a wise ruler lies in careful punishment; this principle of just governance has always been praised in historical records. From now on, when major legal cases are being decided, those in the capital should consult Gu Yong, while those in Wuchang should seek advice from Lu Xun and Pan Jun. These three men must act with impartiality and focus solely on uncovering the truth. I, Bu Zhi, revere divine justice; —if I am punished for this, what regret could there be? These three ministers will either fail to consider matters thoroughly or dare not act arbitrarily and abuse their power to deceive Heaven itself." Sun Quan also came to realize the truth, and thus executed Lü Yi.
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| | 吴志上: |
张紘，字子纲，广陵人也。权以为长史，病卒。临困留笺曰：自古有国有家者，咸欲修德政以比隆盛世，至于其治，多不馨香，非无忠臣贤佐，暗于治体也。由主不胜其情，弗能用耳，夫人情惮难而趣易，好同而恶异，与治道相反。传曰：从善如登，从恶如崩，言善之难也。人君承奕世之基，据自然之势，操八柄之威，甘易同之欢，无假取于人，而忠臣挟难进之术，吐逆耳之言，其不合也。不亦宜乎。虽则有衅，巧辩缘间，眩于小忠，恋于恩爱，贤愚杂错，长幼失叙，其所由来，情乱之也。故明君悟之，求贤如饥渴，受谏而不厌，抑情损欲，以义割恩，上无偏谬之授，下无希冀之望，宜加三思，含垢藏疾，以成仁覆之大，权省书流涕。 |
| | Zhang Hong, courtesy name Zigang, was a native of Guangling. Sun Quan appointed him as Changshi (chief clerk), but Zhang Hong died from illness before assuming the post. On his deathbed, Zhang Hong left behind a letter saying: "Since ancient times, those who ruled states or families have all wished to cultivate virtue and good governance in order to rival the golden ages of prosperity. Yet when it comes to actual administration, many fail to achieve lasting success—not because there are no loyal ministers or wise advisors, but because they lack an understanding of sound governance." This is because the ruler cannot overcome his personal emotions and thus fails to employ them. Human nature fears difficulty and prefers ease, favors agreement over dissent—this runs counter to the principles of good governance. The Classic says: "Following virtue is like climbing a mountain; following vice is like an avalanche." This illustrates how difficult it is to pursue goodness. A ruler inherits a long-established foundation, holds the natural advantage of power, wields authority through the eight instruments of control, and enjoys the easy pleasure of agreement without needing to seek anything from others. Yet loyal ministers must employ difficult strategies and speak words that are unpleasant to hear—this is why their advice often goes unheeded. Is this not only natural? Even if there are faults, clever arguments may exploit these gaps. A ruler might be dazzled by superficial loyalty or become attached to personal affection, leading to a mixture of the virtuous and the foolish, with no order between elders and juniors. The root cause of this disorder lies in emotional confusion. Therefore, a wise ruler understands this and seeks virtuous men with the urgency of one suffering from hunger or thirst. He accepts advice without growing weary, restrains his emotions and desires, and sacrifices personal affection for righteousness. In such a way, there will be no biased appointments at court and no unreasonable expectations among officials below. This matter should be carefully considered; rulers must endure grievances and conceal faults in order to achieve the great virtue of benevolence and protection. Sun Quan wept as he read this letter.
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| | 吴志上: |
吕蒙，字子明，汝南人也。拜虎威将军，关羽讨樊，权遣蒙到南郡，糜芳降，蒙入据城，尽得羽及将士家属，蒙皆抚慰过于平时，故羽吏士无鬬心，皆委羽降，荆州遂定，以蒙为南郡守，蒙疾发，权时在公安，迎置内殿，所以治护者万方，募封内，有能愈蒙疾者，赐千金，时有减加，权为之惨戚，欲数见其顔色，又恐其劳动，常穿壁瞻之，见其小能下食则喜，顾左右言笑，不然则咄唶，夜不能寐，病中瘳，为下赦令，令羣臣毕贺，后更增笃，权自临视，卒，权哀痛甚。 |
| | Lü Meng, courtesy name Ziming, was a native of Rujnan. He was appointed as Huwei Jiangjun (Tiger-Brave General). When Guan Yu attacked Fan, Sun Quan dispatched Lü Meng to Nanjun. Mi Fang surrendered, and Lü Meng entered the city and captured all of Guan Yu's family members and those of his soldiers. Lü Meng treated them with more kindness than usual during peace time; as a result, Guan Yu's officers and men had no will to fight and instead abandoned him in surrender. Thus, Jingzhou was pacified. Lü Meng was appointed as the governor of Nanjun. However, Lü Meng fell ill. At that time Sun Quan was stationed at Gong'an, so he personally brought Lü Meng into his inner palace for treatment. He employed every possible method to cure him and issued a decree offering 1000 gold pieces to anyone within the kingdom who could heal Lü Meng's illness. As his condition fluctuated between improvement and decline, Sun Quan became deeply distressed. He wanted to see Lü Meng often but was afraid of overworking him; instead, he would secretly look through holes in the wall. If he saw that Lü Meng had managed to eat a little, he would be delighted and speak joyfully with his attendants. Otherwise, he would grow angry and unable to sleep at night. When Lü Meng showed signs of recovery, Sun Quan issued an amnesty decree and ordered all officials to celebrate together. Later, however, Lü Meng's condition worsened again. Sun Quan personally visited him before he died. Upon his death, Sun Quan grieved deeply.
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| | 吴志上: |
吕范，字子衡，汝南人也。迁前将军，初，策使范典主财计，权时年少，私从有求，范必关白，不敢专许，当时以此见望，权守阳羡长，有所私用，策或料覆，功曹周谷辄为传著簿书，使无谴问，权临时悦之，及后统事，以范忠诚，厚见信任，以谷能欺更簿书，不用也。 |
| | Lü Fan, courtesy name Ziheng, was a native of Ruinan. He was later promoted to Qian Jiangjun (General-in-Chief). At first, Sun Ce entrusted Lü Fan with financial affairs. When Sun Quan was still young and secretly requested personal use of funds, Lü Fan always reported the matter for approval and never acted on his own authority. Because of this integrity, he gained respect at that time. While Sun Quan served as magisterial officer (Chang) of Yangxian, he used funds privately; when Sun Ce occasionally reviewed accounts, Gongcao Zhou Gu would falsify records to cover up the misuse so that Sun Quan would not be questioned or reprimanded. At the time, Sun Quan was pleased with this arrangement. However, after later assuming power, Sun Quan valued Lü Fan's loyalty and placed great trust in him; but he regarded Zhou Gu as someone who falsified records for personal gain and did not employ him.
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| | 吴志上: |
虞翻，字仲翔，会稽人也。孙策命为功曹，待以交友之礼，孙权以为骑都尉，数犯顔谏争，权不能悦，又性不协俗，多见谤毁，权既为吴王，欢宴之末，自起行酒，翻伏地阳醉，不持，权去，翻起坐，权于是大怒，手剑欲击之，侍坐者莫不遑遽。惟大司农刘基起抱权谏曰：大王以三爵之后，手杀善士，虽翻有罪，天下孰知之，且大王以能容贤畜衆，故海内望风，今一朝弃之，可乎。权曰：曹孟德杀孔文举，孤于虞翻何有哉。基曰：孟德轻害士人，天下非之，今大王躬行德义，欲与尧舜比隆，何得自喻于彼乎。翻由是得免，权因敕左右，自今酒后言杀，皆不得杀，翻性疏直，数有酒失，权积怒非一，遂徙翻交州。 |
| | Yu Fan, courtesy name Zhongxiang, was a native of Kuaiji. Sun Ce appointed him as Gongcao (magistrate of records) and treated him with the courtesy of a friend. Sun Quan later made him Qiduwei (Riding 尉). Yu Fan frequently gave bold advice that contradicted Sun Quan's will, which greatly displeased him. Moreover, because his personality did not conform to conventional norms, he often faced slander and criticism. After Sun Quan became King of Wu, during the final part of a banquet, he personally rose to serve wine. Yu Fan feigned drunkenness by lying on the ground and refused to hold the cup. When Sun Quan left, Yu Fan got up and sat down again. This enraged Sun Quan, who drew his sword and intended to strike him; those present at the banquet were all alarmed and frightened. Only Dainong Liu Ji rose to embrace and advise Sun Quan, saying, "Your Majesty, if you kill a virtuous man with your own hands after three cups of wine, even if Yu Fan has committed a crime, who in the world will know about it? Moreover, Your Majesty is known for being able to tolerate virtue and gather talent, which is why people throughout the land look up to us. Can we now abandon this reputation in an instant?" Sun Quan said, "Cao Cao killed Kong Wenju; what is my treatment of Yu Fan compared to that?" Liu Ji replied, "Cao Cao carelessly harmed a scholar and was condemned by the whole world. Now Your Majesty personally practices virtue and righteousness, seeking to rival Yao and Shun in prosperity—how can you compare yourself to him?" Because of this, Yu Fan was spared. Sun Quan then issued an order to his attendants: "From now on, if I say after drinking that someone should be killed, you must not carry it out." However, because Yu Fan had a blunt and straightforward nature and often made mistakes while drunk, Sun Quan had long harbored accumulated anger toward him. Eventually, he exiled Yu Fan to Jiaozhou (Jiaozhi).
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| | 吴志上: |
张温，字慧恕，吴人也。容貌奇伟，权延见，文辞占对，观者倾竦，权改容加礼，拜议郎，选曹尚书，以辅义中郎将使蜀，还，权既阴衔温称美蜀政，又嫌其声名太盛，衆庶炫惑，恐终不为己用，思有以中伤之，会暨艳事起，遂因此发举，艳，字子休，亦吴郡人也。温引致之，以为选曹郎，至尚书，艳性狷厉，好为清议，见时郎署杂浊，多非其人，欲令臧否区别，贤愚异贯，弹射百僚，核选三署，率皆贬高就下，其居位贪鄙，志节污卑者，皆以为军吏，置营府以处之，而怨愤之声积，浸润之谮行矣。竞言艳及选曹郎徐彪，专用私情憎爱，不由公理，艳，彪皆坐自杀，温宿与艳，彪同意，数交书疏，闻问往还，即罪温，权幽之有司，斥还本郡。 |
| | Zhang Wen, courtesy name Huishu, was a native of Wu. Zhang Wen had an extraordinary and imposing appearance. When Sun Quan received him, Zhang's eloquent responses left the onlookers in awe; impressed, Sun Quan changed his expression and treated him with greater courtesy, appointing him as Yilang (Debating Official) and Xuancao Shangshu (Official of Personnel Selection). As Fu Yi Zhonglangjiang (General Who Upholds Righteousness), he was sent on a mission to Shu. Upon returning, Sun Quan secretly resented Zhang Wen for praising the administration in Shu, and also feared that his growing reputation might dazzle the common people and ultimately prevent him from being loyal to Wu. Thus, Sun Quan began plotting ways to undermine him. At this time, an incident involving JI Yan arose, so Sun Quan used it as a pretext to accuse Zhang Wen. Ji Yan, courtesy name Zixiu, was also a native of Wu Jun. Zhang Wen recommended Ji Yan and appointed him as Xuancao Lang (Official of Personnel Selection), eventually promoting him to Shangshu. Ji Yan had a narrow-minded and harsh personality, enjoyed making moral judgments, and observed that many officials in the current bureaucracy were corrupt or unqualified. He wished to distinguish between the virtuous and the wicked, separating the wise from the foolish. As a result, he criticized numerous officials and rigorously reviewed appointments across three departments, often demoting those who had previously held high positions. Those in office who were greedy, vulgar, or morally base were all assigned as military clerks and placed under camp administrations for management. Consequently, resentment accumulated among many people, and malicious rumors began to spread. Complaints soon arose accusing Ji Yan and Xuancao Lang Xu Biao of using personal favoritism and hatred to make appointments, rather than following public justice. Both Ji Yan and Xu Biao committed suicide as a result. Zhang Wen had previously been in agreement with them, frequently exchanging letters and maintaining communication. Sun Quan therefore held him responsible for the matter and ordered that he be detained by officials and banished back to his native commandery.
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| | 吴志上: |
骆统表理温曰：伏惟陛下，天生明德，神啓圣心，招髦秀于四海，置俊乂于宫朝，多士既受普笃之恩，张温又蒙最隆之施，而温自招罪谴，孤负荣遇，念其如此，诚可悲疚，然臣周旋之间，为国观听，深知其状，故密陈其理，温实心无他情，事无逆迹，但年纪尚少，鎭重尚浅，而戴赫烈之宠，体卓伟之才，亢臧否之谈，效褒贬之议，于是务势者妒其宠，争名者嫉其才，玄嘿者非其谈，瑕衅者讳其议，此臣下所当详辩，明朝所当究察也。在昔，贾谊至忠之臣也。汉文，大明之君也。然而绛，灌一言，贾谊远退，何者，疾之者深，谮之者巧也。然而误闻于天下，失彰于后世。故孔子曰：为君难，为臣不易，温虽智非从横，武非虓虎，然其弘雅之素，英秀之德，文章之采，论议之辩，卓跞冠羣，炜晔曜世，世人未有及之者也。故论温才即可惜，言罪则可恕，若忍威烈以赦盛德，宥贤才以敦大业，固明朝之休光，四方之丽观也。 |
| | Luo Tong submitted a memorial defending Zhang Wen, saying: "I humbly believe that Your Majesty was born with bright virtue and has been divinely inspired to possess a wise heart. You have recruited the most talented individuals from all over the world and placed virtuous men in your court. Many scholars have already received your widespread kindness; Zhang Wen especially has enjoyed the highest favor of grace. Yet now, he has brought upon himself punishment and disgrace, failing to live up to his honor. Thinking about this situation, I truly feel sorrowful and distressed. However, as an official who has served in close proximity to court affairs and observed public opinion for the state's benefit, I have a deep understanding of the matter, so I now secretly present my defense: Zhang Wen indeed had no hidden intentions or ulterior motives, nor did he commit any acts that could be considered treasonous. He is still young and lacks sufficient experience in handling major responsibilities; yet he has been granted great honor and possesses extraordinary talent. His boldness in distinguishing between good and bad, and his willingness to speak openly about praise and criticism, have caused those who seek power to envy his favor, those who desire fame to resent his abilities, and those who prefer silence to criticize his outspokenness. Meanwhile, those with hidden faults or flaws fear the exposure of their own misconduct through his discussions. This is a matter that officials should carefully examine and that Your Majesty's court must thoroughly investigate." In ancient times, Jia Yi was the most loyal of ministers. Emperor Wen of Han was a great and enlightened ruler. Yet, with just one word from Jiao or Guan, Jia Yi was sent far away. Why? Because those who resented him were determined and the slanderers were skillful in their schemes. As a result, false accusations spread throughout the world, and his injustice was not revealed to later generations. Therefore, Confucius said: "To be a ruler is difficult; to be a minister is no easy task." Although Zhang Wen was not a strategist of the 纵横 (Zongheng) school nor a warrior as fierce as a tiger, his noble character, outstanding virtue, literary talent, and eloquent arguments were truly remarkable. His brilliance surpassed others and shone brightly in this age; there has been no one in the world who can match him. Therefore, to speak of Zhang Wen's talents is to lament their loss; to discuss his crimes is to find them forgivable. If Your Majesty can restrain your anger and forgive a man of great virtue, show mercy to a virtuous talent in order to strengthen the grand cause, this would surely be a source of glory for your court and an admirable example for all under heaven.
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| | 吴志上: |
君臣之义，义之最重，朋友之交，交之最轻者，国家不嫌与艳为最重之义，是以温亦不嫌与艳为最轻之交也。时世宠之于上，温窃亲之于下也。臣窃念人君虽有圣哲之姿，非常之智，然以一人之身，御兆民之衆，从增宫之内，瞰四国之外，照羣下之情，求万机之理，犹未易周也。固当听察羣下之言，以广聪明之烈，今者人非温既殷勤，臣是温又契阔，辞则俱巧，意则俱至，各自言欲为国，谁其言欲为私，仓卒之间，犹难既别，然以殿下之聪睿，察讲论之曲直，若潜神留思，纤粗研核，情何嫌而不宣，事何昧而不昭哉。温非亲臣也。臣非爱温者也。昔之君子，皆抑私忿，以增君明，彼独行之于前，臣耻废之于后，故遂发宿怀于今日，纳愚言于圣听，实尽心于明朝，非有念于温身也。权终不纳。 |
| | The relationship between ruler and minister is the most important of all duties; by contrast, friendship among common people is the lightest form of association. Since the state does not consider Ji Yan's actions as violating the most sacred duty, then Zhang Wen should also be seen as having committed no serious offense in forming a relatively minor personal connection with Ji Yan. At that time, the ruler favored Ji Yan from above; Zhang Wen merely formed an affectionate bond with him from below. I humbly think that although a ruler may possess the virtue of sages and extraordinary wisdom, it is still difficult for one person to govern millions of people. From within his palace, he must oversee matters beyond all four directions; from above, he must understand the feelings of his ministers and officials while seeking solutions to countless affairs—this remains no easy task. Therefore, the ruler should listen carefully to his ministers' words in order to broaden his wisdom and insight. Now, those who accuse Zhang Wen do so with great effort; yet I, as one of his supporters, also have a long-standing relationship with him. Both sides present their arguments skillfully, and both express sincere intentions for the good of the state. Who among them truly speaks out of self-interest? In such an urgent situation, it is difficult to distinguish clearly between right and wrong. However, given Your Majesty's wisdom and discernment, if you carefully examine the details of these discussions, scrutinize each point thoroughly, what emotion could remain unexpressed or misunderstood? What matter could fail to be made clear? Zhang Wen is not a close minister. I am not one who favors Zhang Wen personally. In the past, virtuous men always suppressed personal grievances in order to enhance their ruler's wisdom. Others have acted this way before; I would be ashamed to abandon such conduct now. Therefore, today I have finally spoken out my long-held concerns and submitted these humble words for Your Majesty's consideration. This is truly an act of loyalty toward the state, not a concern for Zhang Wen himself. Sun Quan ultimately did not accept this advice.
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| | 吴志上: |
骆统，字公绪，会稽人也。权召为功曹，统志在补察，苟所闻见，夕不待旦，常劝权以尊贤接士，勤求损益，飨赐之日，可人人别进，问其燥湿，加以密意，诱谕使言，察其志趣，令皆感恩戴义，怀欲报之心，权纳用焉。出为建忠郎将。 |
| | Luo Tong, courtesy name Gongxu, was a native of Kuai Ji. Sun Quan summoned him as Gongcao. Luo Tong was determined to correct and improve governance, and whenever he heard or saw something, he would act on it without delay, even waiting until dawn if necessary. He often advised Sun Quan to respect virtuous men and treat scholars with courtesy, to diligently seek ways to improve state affairs, and during days of banquets and rewards, to personally meet with each individual, inquire about their well-being, express sincere concern, encourage them to speak freely, and observe their aspirations in order to cultivate a sense of gratitude and loyalty. Sun Quan accepted his advice and put it into practice. He was later appointed as Jianzhong Langjiang (General Who Establishes Loyalty).
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| | 吴志上: |
是时徴役繁数，重以疫疠，民户损耗。统上疏曰：臣闻君国者，以据疆土为强富，制威福为尊贵，曜德义为荣显，永世胤为丰祚，然财须民生，强赖民力，威恃民势，福由民殖，德俟民茂，义以民行，六者既备，然后应天受祚，保族宜邦。书曰：衆非后无能胥以宁，后非衆无以辟四方，推是言之，则民以君安，君以民济，不易之道也。今强敌未殄，海内未乂，三军有无已之役，江境有不释之备，徴赋调数，由来积纪，加以殃疫死丧之灾郡县荒虚，田畴芜旷，听闻属城，民户浸寡，又多残老，少有丁夫，思寻所由，小民无知，既有安土重迁之性，且又前后出为兵者，生则困苦，无有温饱，死则委弃，骸骨不反，是以尤用恋本畏远，同之于死，每有徴发，羸谨居家重累者，先见输送，小有财货，倾居行赂，不顾穷尽，轻剽者则迸入险阻，党就羣恶，百姓虚竭，嗷然愁扰，愁扰则不营业，不营业则致穷困，致穷困则不乐生，故口腹急，则奸心动而携叛多也。夫国之有民，犹水之有舟，停则以安，扰则以危，愚而不可欺，弱而不可胜也。是以圣王重焉。祸福由之，故与人消息，观时制政，方今长吏亲民之职，惟以办具为能，取过目前之急，少复以恩惠为治，副称陛下天覆之仁，勤恤之德者也。官民政俗，日以雕獘，渐以陵迟，势不可久，夫治疾及其未笃，除患贵其未深，愿陛下少以万机馀闲，留神思省，补复荒虚，深图远计，臣统之大愿，足以死而不朽矣。权感统言，深加意焉。迁偏将军，数陈便宜，前后书数十上，所言皆善。 |
| | At that time, military conscriptions were frequent and compounded by an outbreak of plague, causing a significant decline in the population. Luo Tong submitted a memorial saying: "I have heard that to govern a state, one must regard the possession of territory as strength and wealth, control power and blessings as dignity and nobility, display virtue and righteousness as honor and distinction, and ensure the continuation of descendants for lasting prosperity. However, wealth depends on the people's production; strength relies on their labor; authority is based on their support; blessings arise from their cultivation; virtue awaits their flourishing; and righteousness is carried out through them. Only when these six elements are present can a ruler be in harmony with Heaven to receive his mandate and preserve his family while benefiting the state." The Classic of Documents says: "The people cannot find peace without their ruler, and the ruler cannot expand his dominion without the support of the people." By this reasoning, it is clear that the people depend on the ruler for stability, while the ruler depends on the people to achieve success—this is an unchanging principle. Now, the powerful enemy has not yet been eliminated and peace has not returned to all under heaven. The three armies are burdened with endless campaigns, while along the Yangtze there is no respite from military preparations. Taxation and conscription have continued for many years without relief. Added to this are disasters of plague, death, and mourning, causing commanderies and counties to become desolate and fields to lie fallow. Reports from subordinate cities indicate that the population is rapidly declining; many people are elderly or disabled, with few able-bodied men remaining. Investigating the causes of this situation, it becomes clear that ordinary people lack knowledge and possess a natural tendency to prefer stability in their homeland over relocation. Moreover, those who have previously been conscripted into military service suffer from hardship and poverty, lacking even basic warmth and sustenance; if they die, their bodies are abandoned without being returned for burial. Because of this, the common folk especially fear leaving home and view military service as tantamount to death. Whenever new levies occur, those who are weak or have family burdens at home are sent first, while those with a little wealth exhaust their resources on bribes in order to avoid conscription, regardless of how impoverished they become. The more reckless among them flee into remote and dangerous areas, joining gangs of outlaws. As the people's strength is drained and their suffering grows, they become restless and anxious. When anxiety takes hold, they neglect farming; when farming ceases, poverty follows. In poverty, life becomes unbearable, so when hunger strikes, criminal thoughts arise and rebellions multiply. The people of a state are to the ruler as water is to a boat: when still, they bring stability; when agitated, they cause danger. The people may be ignorant but cannot be deceived, and though weak, they cannot be easily overcome. Therefore, sage rulers have always placed great importance on this matter. Therefore, calamity or fortune depends on how the people are treated. Hence, one should communicate with them and adjust policies according to circumstances. At present, however, local officials in charge of the people focus only on fulfilling immediate demands as a sign of competence, rarely governing through kindness and benevolence. This fails to live up to Your Majesty's virtue of universal compassion and diligent concern for your subjects. The relationship between officials and the people, as well as local customs, is deteriorating day by day, gradually declining into decline. This situation cannot endure for long. To treat an illness before it becomes severe, or to eliminate a disaster before it deepens—this is of great importance. I humbly request that Your Majesty, in your spare moments from the many duties of state, devote some attention and reflection toward restoring desolate regions and planning for the future with foresight. This would be my greatest wish; it is a goal worth dying for in order to achieve lasting glory. Sun Quan was moved by Luo Tong's words and gave the matter serious consideration. He was promoted to Bian Jiangjun (General of the Flank). He frequently submitted proposals on matters of state, and over time presented dozens of memorials; all that he said were sound suggestions.
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| | 吴志上: |
朱据，字子范，吴郡人也。拜左将军，嘉禾中，始铸大钱，一当五百，后据部曲应受三万缗，工王遂诈而受之，典校吕壹疑据实取，考问主者，死于杖下，据哀其无辜，以厚棺敛之，壹又表据吏为据隐，故厚其殡，权数责问据，据无以自明，籍草待罪数月，典军吏刘助觉，言王遂所取。权大感寤曰：朱据见枉，况吏民乎。乃穷治壹罪，赏助百万。 |
| | Zhu Ju, courtesy name Zifan, was a native of Wu jun. Zhu Ju was appointed as Zuo Jiangjun (Left General). During the Jiahe period, large coins were first cast, with each coin worth 500 regular ones. Later, Zhu Ju's subordinates should have received a total of thirty thousand qian, but Wang Sui, an official in charge of work, fraudulently accepted them instead. Lü Yi, the director of inspections, suspected that Zhu Ju had actually taken the money and ordered the responsible officials to be interrogated; they died under torture. Moved by their innocence, Zhu Ju provided a fine coffin for their burial. Lü Yi then reported that Zhu Ju's staff had concealed this from him, which was why such an elaborate funeral was arranged. Sun Quan repeatedly questioned Zhu Ju about it, but Zhu could not clear himself of suspicion and waited in disgrace on straw mats for several months. Finally, Liu Zhu, a military official, discovered the truth and revealed that Wang Sui had taken the money. Sun Quan was deeply moved and realized: "If Zhu Ju, a loyal official, has been wronged, how much more so for ordinary officials and common people?" He then thoroughly investigated Lü Yi's crimes and rewarded Liu Zhu with one million.
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