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儒林外史 - The Scholars

[Qing] 1750 Library Resources

说楔子敷陈大义 借名流隐括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book

Library Resources
33 说楔子敷... :
一日,日中时分,王冕正从母亲坟上拜扫回来,只见十几骑竟投他村里来。为头一人,头戴武巾,身穿团花战袍,白净面皮,三绺髭须,真有龙凤之表。那人到门首下了,向王冕施礼道:“动问一声,那里是王冕先生家?”王冕道:“小人王冕,这里便是寒舍。”那人喜道:“如此甚妙,特来晋谒。”吩咐从人都下了,屯在外边,把都系在湖边柳树上。
In which an introductory...:
One day at noon, just as Wang Mian was returning from his mother's grave, he saw a dozen horsemen entering the village. The leader of the band wore a military cap and flowered silk costume. He had a clear complexion, his beard was fine, and he looked every inch a king. When this man reached Wang Mian's door, he alighted from his horse, saluted and said, “May I ask where Mr. Wang Mian lives?”
“I am he,” replied Wang Mian, “and this is my humble house.”
“I am in luck then,” said the stranger, “for I have come specially to pay my respects.” He ordered his followers to dismount and wait outside, and they tethered their horses beneath the willows by the lake.

35 说楔子敷... :
王冕道:“大王是高明远见的,不消乡民多说。若以仁义服人,何人不服,岂但浙江?若以兵力服人,浙人虽弱,恐亦义不受辱。不见方国珍么?”吴王叹息,点头称善。两人促膝谈到日暮。那些从者都带有乾粮。王冕自到厨下烙了一斤面饼,炒了一盘韭菜,自捧出来,陪著。吴王吃了,称谢教诲,上去了。这日,秦老进城回来,问及此事。王冕也不曾说就是吴王,只说是军中一个将官,向年在山东相识的,故此来看我一看。说著就罢了。
In which an introductory...:
“Your Highness is far-sighted,” said Wang Mian. “There is no need for a humble person like myself to say much. If you use goodness and justice to win the people, you will win them all — not only those in Zhejiang. But if you try to conquer by force, weak as the people of Zhejiang are, I am afraid they will not submit. Look at the case of Fang Guo-zhen whom you defeated.”
The prince nodded and expressed approval; and sitting face to face they talked till evening. The prince's followers had brought rations, and Wang Mian went to the kitchen to make bread and fry leeks for the prince, sharing the meal with him. The prince then thanked him for his advice, mounted his horse and rode away.
That day Old Qin had gone to the county-seat. On his return he asked Wang Mian who his visitors had been; but instead of telling him that it was the Prince of Wu, Wang Mian simply said, “It was an army officer I knew when I was in Shandong.”

王孝廉村学识同科 周蒙师暮年登上第 - Provincial Graduate Wang meets a fellow candidate in a village school. Zhou Meng passes the examination in his old age

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9 王孝廉村... :
夏总甲道:“先生倒有一个。你道是谁?就是咱衙门里户总科提控顾老相公家请的一位先生,姓周,官名叫做周进,年纪六十多岁。前任老爷取过他个头名,却还不曾中过学。顾老相公请他在家里三个年头,他家顾小舍人去年就中了学,和咱镇上梅三相一齐中的。那日从学里师爷家迎了回来,小舍人头上戴著方巾,身上披著大红紬,骑著老爷棚子里的,大吹大打,来到家门口。俺合衙门的人都拦著街递酒。落后请将周先生来,顾老相公亲自奉他三杯,尊在首席。点了一本戏,是梁灏八十岁中状元的故事。顾老相公为这戏,心里还不大喜欢,落后戏文内唱到梁灏的学生却是十七八岁就中了状元,顾老相公知道是替他儿子发兆,方才喜了。你们若要先生,俺替你把周先生请来。”众人都说是好。吃完了茶,和尚又下了一箸牛肉面吃了,各自散讫。
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
“A teacher?” said the village head. “I can think of one. You know who? He's in our yamen, and he used to teach in chief accountant Ku's house. His name is Zhou Jin. He's over sixty. The former magistrate placed him first on the list of county candidates, but he's never yet been able to pass the prefectural examination. Mr. Gu employed him as tutor for his son for three years; and his son passed the examination last year, at the same time as Mei Jiu from our village. The day that young Gu was welcomed back from the school he wore a scholar's cap and a broad red silk sash, and rode a horse from the magistrate's stable, while all the gongs and trumpets sounded. When he reached the door of his house, I and the other yamen officials offered him wine in the street. Then Mr. Zhou was asked over. Mr. Gu toasted his son's teacher three times and invited him to sit in the seat of honour. Mr. Zhou chose as entertainment the opera about Liang Hao, who won the first place in the palace examination when he was eighty; and Mr. Gu was not at all pleased. But then the opera showed how Liang Hao's pupil won the same distinction at seventeen or eighteen, and Mr. Gu knew that it was a compliment to his son. That made him feel better. If you want a teacher, I'll invite Mr. Zhou for you.” All the villagers approved. When they had finished their tea the monk brought in some beef noodles, and after eating these they went home.

周学道校士拔真才 胡屠户行凶闹捷报 - Examiner Zhou picks out true talent. Butcher Hu cuts up rough after good news

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5 周学道校... :
此时周进哭的住了。那客人道:“这也不难。现放著我这几个兄弟在此,每人拿出几十两银子借与周相公纳监进场。若中了做官,那在我们这几两银子。就是周相公不还,我们走江湖的人,那里不破掉了几两银子!何况这是好事。你众位意下如何?”众人一齐道:“‘君子成人之美。’又道:‘见义不为,是为无勇。’俺们有甚么不肯?只不知周相公可肯俯就?”周进道:“若得如此,便是重生父母,我周进变驴变,也要报效!”爬到地下,就磕了几个头。众人还下礼去。金有馀也称谢了众人。又吃了几碗茶,周进再不哭了,同众人说说笑笑,回到行里。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
By now Zhou Jin had stopped crying.
“That's not difficult,” said the same merchant. “We're all friends here. Let's raise some money between us and lend it to Mr. Zhou, so that he can go in for the examination. If he passes and becomes an official, a few taels of silver will mean nothing to him — he can easily repay us. Even if he doesn't pay us back, we merchants always fritter away a few taels one way or another, and this is in a good cause. What do you all say?”
The others responded heartily:
“A friend in need is a friend indeed!”
“A man who knows what is the right thing to do, but doesn't do it, is a coward!”
“Of course we'll help. We only wonder if Mr. Zhou will condescend to accept.”
“If you do this,” cried Zhou Jin, “I shall look on you as my foster-parents. Even if I become a mule or a horse in my next life, 1 I shall repay your kindness.” Then he knelt down and kowtowed to them all, and they bowed to him in return. Qin thanked them too. They drank a few more bowls of tea, and Zhou Jin no longer cried, but talked and laughed with the others until it was time to return to the guild.

15 周学道校... :
次日起,范进独自送在三十里之外,轿前打恭。周学道又叫到跟前,说道:“龙头属老成。本道看你的文字,火候到了,即在此科,一定发达。我复命之后,在京专候。”范进又磕头谢了,起来立著。学道轿子,一拥而去。范进立著,直望见门枪影子抹过前山,看不见了,方才回到下处,谢了房主人。他家离城还有四十五里路,连夜回来,拜见母亲。家里住著一间草屋,一厦披子,门外是个茅草棚。正屋是母亲住著,妻子住在披房里。他妻子乃是集上胡屠户的女儿。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
The next day, Commissioner Zhou set off for the capital. Fan Jin alone escorted him for ten miles of the way, doing reverence before his chair. Then the commissioner called him to his side. “First-class honours go to the mature,” he said. “Your essay showed real maturity, and you are certain to do well in the provincial examination too. After I have made my report to the authorities, I will wait for you in the capital.”
Fan Jin kowtowed again in thanks, then stood to one side of the road as the examiner's chair was carried swiftly off. Only when the banners had passed out of sight behind the next hill did he turn back to his lodgings to settle his bill. His home was about fifteen miles from the city, and he had to travel all night to reach it. He bowed to his mother, who lived with him in a thatched cottage with a thatched shed outside, his mother occupying the front room and his wife the back one. His wife was the daughter of Butcher Hu of the market.

21 周学道校... :
到出榜那日,家里没有早饭米,母亲吩咐范进道:“我有一只生蛋的母鸡,你快拿集上去卖了,买几升米来煮餐粥吃。我已是饿的两眼都看不见了!”范进慌忙抱了鸡,走出门去。才去不到两个时候,只听得一片声的锣响,三匹闯将来。那三个人下了,把栓在茅草棚上,一片声叫道:“快请范老爷出来,恭喜高中了。”
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
The day the results came out there was nothing to eat in the house, and Fan Jin's mother told him, “Take that hen of mine to the market and sell it; then buy a few measures of rice to make gruel. I'm faint with hunger.” Fan Jin tucked the hen under his arm and hurried out. He had only been gone an hour or so, when gongs sounded and three horsemen galloped up. They alighted, tethered their horses to the shed, and called out: “Where is the honourable Mr. Fan? We have come to congratulate him on passing the provincial examination.”

23 周学道校... :
正在吵闹,又是几匹,二报、三报到了,挤了一屋的人,茅草棚地下都坐满了。邻居都来了,挤著看。老太太没奈何,只得央及一个邻居去寻他儿子。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
In the midst of this excitement two more batches of horsemen arrived. Some squeezed inside while the others packed. themselves into the shed, where they had to sit on the ground. Neighbours gathered round, too, to watch; and the flustered old lady asked one of them to go to look for her son.

荐亡斋和尚吃官司 打秋风乡绅遭横事 - In which a monk invited to say masses is involved in a lawsuit, and a country gentleman out to raise money runs into trouble

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3 荐亡斋和... :
到得二七过了,范举人念旧,拿了几两银子,交与胡屠户,托他仍旧到集上庵里请平日相与的和尚做揽头,请大寺八众僧人来念经,拜“梁皇忏”,放焰口,追荐老太太生天。屠户拿著银子,一直走到集上庵里滕和尚家。恰好大寺里僧官慧敏也在那里坐著。僧官因有田在左近,所以常在这庵里起坐。滕和尚请屠户坐下,言及:“前日新中的范老爷得病在小庵里,那日贫僧不在家,不曾候得;多亏门口卖药的陈先生烧了些茶水,替我做个主人。”胡屠户道:“正是,我也多谢他的膏药。今日不在这里?”滕和尚道:“今日不曾来。”又问道:“范老爷那病随即就好了,却不想又有老太太这一变。胡老爹这几十天想总是在那里忙?不见来集上做生意。”
In which a monk...:
When the second seventh day had passed, Fan Jin gave his father-in-law a few taels of silver and told him to go to the temple in the market to ask a monk there whom he knew to invite other monks from the big monastery to recite the Buddhist scriptures, chant intercessions and say masses so that Mrs. Fan's soul might go to heaven.
Butcher Hu took the silver and went straight to the temple in the market where Monk Teng lived. There he found Abbot Huei Min from the monastery, too; for the abbot, who owned land nearby, often dropped in at the temple.
Monk Teng invited Butcher Hu to sit down, and said, “Mr. Fan was taken ill in front of my temple just after he passed the examination, but I was out that day and could not do anything for him. Luckily Mr. Chen the apothecary was on hand. He made some tea for him and acted as host in my place.”
“That's right,” said the butcher. “I also had some of his ointment, and was very grateful for it too. He's not here today, is he?”
“He hasn't come today,” said the monk. “Mr. Fan soon got over his disorder; but the old lady's seizure was very unexpected. You must have been busy at home recently, Mr. Hu. We haven't seen you doing any business in the market.”
胡屠户道:“可不是么?自从亲家母不幸去世,合城乡绅,那一个不到他家来?就是我主顾张老爷、周老爷,在那里司宾,大长日子,坐著无聊,只拉著我说闲话,陪著吃酒吃饭;见了客来,又要打躬作揖,累个不了。我是个闲散惯了的人,不耐烦作这些事!欲待躲著些──难道是怕小婿怪!惹绅衿老爷们看乔了,说道:‘要至亲做甚么呢?’”说罢,又如此这般把请僧人做斋的话说了。和尚听了,屁滚尿流,慌忙烧茶,下面;就在胡老爹面前转托僧官去约僧众,并备香、烛、纸、写法等事。胡屠户吃过面去。
“Yes. Since the sad death of Mr. Fan's mother, all the local gentry have called; and my former customers, the honourable Mr. Zhang and Mr. Zhou, have been in charge of the ceremonies. They sit there the whole day long with nothing to do, just making conversation with me, the three of us eating and drinking together. Whenever a guest comes, I have to bow and greet him — I'm sick and tired of it all. I'm an easygoing man, and I've no patience with all that. I'd like to keep out of the way. My son-in-law wouldn't mind, but those gentlemen would probably think it strange. 'What use is a relative like this?' they might say.”
Then he told the monk that Mr. Fan wanted to invite him to say masses. The moment the monk heard this, he was beside himself with excitement and bustled officiously off to make tea and prepare noodles for Butcher Hu. And then, in the butcher's presence, he asked the abbot to notify the other monks and to prepare incense, candles, paper horses and all that was necessary. Butcher Hu finished his noodles and left.

11 荐亡斋和... :
张静斋约定日期,雇齐夫,带了从人,取路往高要县进发。于路上商量说:“此来,一者见老师;二来,老太夫人墓志,就要借汤公的官衔名字。”不一日,进了高要城。那日知县下乡相验去了,二位不好进衙门,只得在一个关帝庙里坐下,那庙正修大殿,有县里工房在内监工。工房听见县主的相与到了,慌忙迎到里面客位内坐著,摆上九个茶盘来。工房坐在下席,执壶斟茶。
In which a monk...:
They settled a date for the journey, hired horses and, accompanied by attendants, set off for Gaoyao County. On the road they decided to make use of this visit to their patron to borrow his name for the epitaph. In a few days they reached the city of Gaoyao; but since the magistrate happened to have gone into the country to make an investigation, they were unable to enter the yamen and had to sit down in a temple to wait. The central hall of that temple was under repair, and the county foreman was there supervising the work. When he heard that friends of the magistrate had come, he hastily invited them into the guest room. Nine plates of refreshments were served, and the foreman poured tea for them.

乡绅发病闹船家 寡妇含冤控大伯

Library Resources
7 乡绅发病... :
过了几日,大老爷果然带著第二个儿子往省里去了。赵氏在家掌管家务,真个是钱过北斗,米烂成仓,僮仆成群,牛成行,享福度日。不想皇天无眼,不佑善人,那小孩子出起天花来,发了一天热,医生来看,说是个险症,药里用了犀角、黄连、人牙,不能灌浆,把赵氏急的到处求神许愿,都是无益。到七日上,把个白白胖胖的孩子跑掉了。赵氏此番的哭泣,不但比不得哭大娘,并且比不得哭二爷,直哭得眼泪都哭不出来。整整的哭了三日三夜,打发孩子出去。叫家人请了两位舅爷来商量,要立大房里第五个侄子承嗣。二位舅爷踌躇道:“这件事,我们做不得主。况且大先生又不在家,儿子是他的,须是要他自己情愿,我们如何硬做主?”赵氏道:“哥哥,你妹夫有这几两银子的家私,如今把个正经主儿去了,这些家人小厮都没个投奔,这立嗣的事是缓不得的。知道他伯伯几时回来?间壁第五个侄子才十一二岁,立过来,还怕我不会疼热他,教导他?他伯娘听见这个话,恨不得双手送过来。就是他伯伯回来,也没得说。你做舅舅的人,怎的做不得主?”王德道:“也罢,我们过去替他说一说罢。”王仁道:“大哥,这是那里话?宗嗣大事,我们外姓如何做得主?如今姑奶奶若是急的很,只好我弟兄两人公写一字,他这里叫一个家人连夜到省里请了大先生回来商议。”王德道:“这话最好,料想大先生回来也没得说。”王仁摇著头笑道:“大哥,这话也且再看。但是不得不如此做。”赵氏听了这话,摸头不著,只得依著言语,写了一封字,遣家人来富连夜赴省接大老爹。

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