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《儒林外史 - The Scholars》 | [Qing] 1750 | Library Resources |
《說楔子敷陳大義 借名流隱括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book》 | Library Resources |
| 3 | 說楔子敷... : | 雖然如此說，元朝末年，也曾出了一個嶔崎磊落的人。這人姓王名冕，在諸暨縣鄉村裏住。七歲上死了父親，他母親做些針黹，供給他到村學堂裏去讀書。看看三個年頭，王冕已是十歲了。母親喚他到面前來說道：「兒啊，不是我有心要耽誤你。只因你父親亡後，我一個寡婦人家，只有出去的，沒有進來的；年歲不好，柴米又貴；這幾件舊衣服和些舊傢伙，當的當了，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針黹生活尋來的錢，如何供得你讀書。如今沒奈何，把你僱在間壁人家放牛，每月可以得他幾錢銀子，你又有現成飯喫，只在明日就要去了。」王冕道：「娘說的是。我在學堂裏坐著，心裏也悶；不如往他家放牛，倒快活些。假如我要讀書，依舊可以帶幾本去讀。」當夜商議定了。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty a really remarkable man was born. His name was Wang Mian, and he lived in a village in Zhuji County in Zhejiang. When he was seven his father died, but his mother took in sewing so that he could study at the village school. Soon three years had passed and Wang Mian was ten. His mother called him to her and said, 「Son, it's not that I want to stand in your way. But since your father died and left me a widow, I have had nothing coming in. Times are hard, and fuel and rice are expensive. Our old clothes and our few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. We have nothing to live on but what I make by my sewing. How can I pay for your schooling? There's nothing for it but to set you to work looking after our neighbour's buffalo. You'll be making a little money every month, and you'll get your meals there too. You start tomorrow.」 「Yes, mother,」 said Wang Mian. 「I find sitting in school boring anyway. I'd rather look after buffaloes. If I want to study, I can take a few books along to read.」 So that very night the matter was decided. | |
| 5 | 說楔子敷... : | 王冕自此只在秦家放牛，每到黃昏，回家跟著母親歇宿。或遇秦家煮些醃魚、臘肉給他喫，他便拿塊荷葉包了來家，遞與母親。每日點心錢，他也不買了喫，聚到一兩個月，便偷個空，走到村學堂裏，見那闖學堂的書客，就買幾本舊書，日逐把牛栓了，坐在柳蔭樹下看。 |
| In which an introductory...: | From this time onwards, Wang Mian looked after Old Qin's buffalo; and every evening he went home to sleep. Whenever the Qin family gave him salted fish or meat, he would wrap it up in a lotus leaf and take it to his mother. He also saved the coppers he was given each day to buy a snack with, and every month or so would seize an opportunity to go to the village school to buy some old books from the book-vendor making his rounds. Every day, when he had tethered the buffalo, he would sit down beneath the willows and read. | |
| 6 | 說楔子敷... : | 彈指又過了三四年。王冕看書，心下也著實明白了。那日，正是黃梅時候，天氣煩躁。王冕放牛倦了，在綠草地上坐著。須臾，濃雲密布，一陣大雨過了。那黑雲邊上鑲著白雲，漸漸散去，透出一派日光來，照耀得滿湖通紅。湖邊上山，青一塊，紫一塊，綠一塊。樹枝上都像水洗過一番的，尤其綠得可愛。湖裏有十來枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷葉上水珠滾來滾去。王冕看了一回，心裏想道：「古人說：『人在畫圖中』，其實不錯。可惜我這裏沒有一個畫工，把這荷花畫他幾枝，也覺有趣。」又心裏想道：「天下那有個學不會的事，我何不自畫他幾枝。」 |
| In which an introductory...: |
So three or four years quickly passed. Wang Mian studied and began to see things clearly. One sultry day in early summer, tired after leading the buffalo to graze, he sat down on the grass. Suddenly dense clouds gathered, and there was a heavy shower of rain. Then the black storm clouds fringed with fleecy white drifted apart, and the sun shone through, bathing the whole lake in crimson light. The hills by the lake were blue, violet and emerald. The trees, freshly washed by the rain, were a lovelier green than ever. Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled about the leaves. As Wang Mian watched, he thought, 「The ancients said, 'In a beautiful scene a man feels he is part of a picture.' How true! What a pity there is no painter here to paint these sprays of lotus. That would be good.」 Then he reflected, 「There's nothing a man can't learn. Why shouldn't I paint them myself?」 | |
| 7 | 說楔子敷... : | 正存想間，只見遠遠的一個夯漢，挑了一擔食盒來，手裏提著一瓶酒，食盒上掛著一塊氈條，來到柳樹下，將氈鋪了，食盒打開。那邊走過三個人來，頭帶方巾，一個穿寶藍夾紗直裰，兩人穿元色直裰，都有四五十歲光景，手搖白紙扇，緩步而來。那穿寶藍直裰的是個胖子，來到樹下，尊那穿元色的一個鬍子坐在上面，那一個瘦子坐在對席；他想是主人了，坐在下面把酒來斟。 |
| In which an introductory...: | Just then, he saw in the distance a fellow carrying two hampers over his shoulder and a bottle of wine in his hand. Hanging from one hamper was a rug. The man spread the rug under the willows, and opened the hampers. Behind him came three men in scholars' square caps, all some forty to fifty years old. Two were dressed in dark grey, and the third in a blue linen gown. Fanning themselves with white paper fans, they advanced slowly. The one in blue was fat. When he reached the willows he asked one of the men in grey, one with a long beard, to take the seat of honour, and another, a thin one, to sit on the rug opposite. He himself was evidently the host, for he sat in the lowest place and poured the wine. They began eating. | |
| 10 | 說楔子敷... : | 這王冕天性聰明，年紀不滿二十歲，就把那天文、地理，經史上的大學問，無一不貫通。但他性情不同：既不求官爵，又不交納朋友，終日閉戶讀書。又在楚辭圖上看見畫的屈原衣冠，他便自造一頂極高的帽子，一件極闊的衣服。遇著花明柳媚的時節，把一乘牛車載了母親，他便戴了高帽，穿了闊衣，執著鞭子，口裏唱著歌曲，在鄉村鎮上，以及湖邊，到處頑耍，惹的鄉下孩子們三五成群跟著他笑，他也不放在意下。只有隔壁秦老，雖然務農，卻是個有意思的人；因自小看見他長大，如此不俗，所以敬他，愛他，時時和他親熱，邀在草堂裏坐著說話兒。 |
| In which an introductory...: | Wang Mian had genius. While still in his teens, he mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history. He was, however, eccentric. He did not look for an official post, and did not even have any friends. All day he studied behind closed doors; and when he saw in an edition of the poems of Chu Yuan a picture of the poet's costume, he made himself a very high hat and a loose flowing gown. In the fresh and flowering spring he would take his mother out in a buffalo cart, and, dressed in his high hat and loose gown, flourishing the whip and singing songs, would drive all over the countryside and around the lake. Small groups of village children would tag after him, laughing; but he did not mind them. Only his neighbour, Old Qin, realized how remarkable he was; for Old Qin was an intelligent man, though a peasant, and he had seen Wang Mian grow up. He respected and loved Wang Mian, and often asked him to his thatched cottage to talk with him. | |
| 11 | 說楔子敷... : | 一日，正和秦老坐著，只見外邊走進一個人來，頭帶瓦楞帽，身穿青布衣服。秦老迎接，敘禮坐下。這人姓翟，是諸暨縣一個頭役，又是買辦。因秦老的兒子秦大漢拜在他名下，叫他乾爺，所以常時下鄉來看親家。秦老慌忙叫兒子烹茶，殺雞、煮肉款留他；就要王冕相陪。彼此道過姓名。那翟買辦道：「只位王相公，可就是會畫沒骨花的麼？」秦老道：「便是了。親家，你怎得知道？」翟買辦道：「縣裏人那個不曉得。因前日本縣老爺吩咐：要畫二十四副花卉冊頁送上司，此事交在我身上。我聞有王相公的大名，故此一徑來尋親家。今日有緣，遇著王相公，是必費心大筆畫一畫。在下半個月後，下鄉來取。老爺少不得還有幾兩潤筆的銀子，一併送來。」秦老在傍，著實攛掇。王冕屈不過秦老的情，只得應諾了。回家用心用意，畫了二十四副花卉，都題了詩在上面。翟頭役稟過了本官，那知縣時仁，發出二十四兩銀子來。翟買辦扣剋了十二兩，只拿十二兩銀子送與王冕，將冊頁取去。時知縣又辦了幾樣禮物，送與危素，作候問之禮。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
One day Wang Mian was sitting in Old Qin's cottage when a man wearing a bailiff's cap and blue cloth gown came in. Old Qin welcomed him, and after an exchange of courtesies they sat down. This newcomer's name was Zhai. He was a county runner and also a bailiff, but since Old Qin's son was his godchild he often came to the village to visit their family. Old Qin hastily called his son to make tea, kill a chicken and cook some meat to entertain the bailiff, and asked Wang Mian to accompany them. When Bailiff Zhai heard Wang Mian's name, he asked, 「Is this Mr. Wang the flower painter?」 「Yes,」 said Old Qin. 「How did you get to know of him?」 「Is there anyone in the county who doesn't know him?」 retorted the bailiff. 「The other day the county magistrate commissioned me to get twenty-four paintings of flowers to send to a superior. Knowing Mr. Wang's great reputation, I've come straight here; and now I'm lucky enough to meet Mr. Wang himself.」 Then he turned to Wang Mian and said: 「I must trouble you to do some paintings. In two weeks I shall come to fetch them, bringing the payment from Magistrate Shi.」 Old Qin pressed Wang Mian to consent and, to please the old man, he agreed. He went home and took infinite pains to paint twenty-four pictures of flowers, each with a poem appended. Bailiff Zhai reported his meeting with Wang Mian to the magistrate, who gave him twenty-four taels of silver. Of this sum Zhai appropriated half, giving twelve taels only to Wang Mian. He took the flower album away with him, and then the magistrate sent it with some other presents to Mr. Wei. | |
| 13 | 說楔子敷... : | 危素歎道：「我學生出門久了，故鄉有如此賢士，竟坐不知，可為慚愧。此兄不但才高，胸中見識，大是不同，將來名位不在你我之下。不知老父臺可以約他來此相會一會麼？」時知縣道：「這個何難，門生出去，即遣人相約。他聽見老師相愛，自然喜出望外了。」說罷，辭了危素，回到衙門，差翟買辦持個侍生帖子去約王冕。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
Mr. Wei sighed and said, 「I left home so long ago that, though my native place has produced so great a man, I did not know it. I am ashamed. He shows not only remarkable skill but exceptional insight, and in future his fame and rank will at least equal ours. I wonder if you would invite him to pay me a visit?」 「What could be simpler?」 replied Magistrate Shi. 「When I leave I shall send a man to invite him. He will be only too pleased to come.」 When Magistrate Shi had taken his leave of Mr. Wei, he returned to his yamen and ordered Bailiff Zhai to take an invitation card couched in most respectful terms to Wang Mian. | |
| 22 | 說楔子敷... : | 說話之間，知縣轎子已到。翟買辦跪在轎前稟道：「小的傳王冕，不在家裏，請老爺龍駕到公館裏略坐一坐，小的再去傳。」扶著轎子，過王冕屋後來。屋後橫七豎八，幾稜窄田埂，遠遠的一面大塘，塘邊都栽滿了榆樹、桑樹。塘邊那一望無際的幾頃田地，又有一座山，雖不甚大，卻青蔥樹木，堆滿山上。約有一里多路，彼此叫呼，還聽得見。知縣正走著，遠遠的有個牧童，倒騎水牯牛，從山嘴邊轉了過來。 |
| In which an introductory...: |
During this conversation the magistrate's chair had come up. Bailiff Zhai knelt before the chair and said, 「I asked for Wang Mian and found he is not at home. Won't Your Honour go to the local office to rest for a little, while I make further inquiries?」 Then he escorted the chair past the back of Wang Mian's cottage. Behind the cottage were a few strips of arable land and a big lake, its banks thickly grown with elms and mulberry trees. Then more fields could be seen, stretching to the horizon. There was a hill too, covered with fresh green trees, only a few hundred yards away. If you shouted, your voice would carry there. And round the foot of this hill, as the magistrate's chair advanced, came a little cowherd riding back to front on a water buffalo. | |
| 24 | 說楔子敷... : | 冕並不曾遠行，即時走了來家。秦老過來抱怨他道：「你方纔也太執意了。他是一縣之主，你怎的這樣怠慢他？」王冕道：「老爹請坐，我告訴你。時知縣倚著危素的勢，要在這裏酷虐小民，無所不為。這樣的人，我為甚麼要相與他？但他這一番回去，必定向危素說；危素老羞變怒，恐要和我計較起來。我如今辭別老爹，收拾行李，到別處去躲避幾時。只是母親在家，放心不下。」 |
| In which an introductory...: |
Wang Mian had not really gone far. He came back presently and was reproached by Old Qin, who said, 「You are too obstinate. He is the head of a county; how can you show such disrespect?」 「Please sit down, uncle,」 said Wang Mian, 「and I will explain. This magistrate relies on Mr. Wei's authority to tyrannize over the common people here, and do all kinds of bad things. Why should I have anything to do with such a man? But now that he has gone back, he will certainly tell Mr. Wei; and if Mr. Wei becomes angry he may want to make trouble for me. So now I shall pack up my things, leave my mother, and go into hiding for a time. The only thing that worries me is leaving my mother here by herself.」 | |
| 29 | 說楔子敷... : | 那日清早，纔坐在那裏，只見許多男女，啼啼哭哭，在街上過。也有挑著鍋的，也有籮擔內挑著孩子的，一個個面黃肌瘦，衣裳襤褸。過去一陣，又是一陣，把街上都塞滿了。也有坐在地上就化錢的。問其所以，都是黃河沿上的州縣，被河水決了。田廬房舍，盡行漂沒。這是些逃荒的百姓，官府又不管，只得四散覓食。 |
| In which an introductory...: | One morning, as he was sitting in his room, his attention was attracted by a number of men and women, many of them in tears, passing down the street. Some were carrying pans, others had children in baskets suspended from a pole over their shoulders. Group after group passed, haggard, half-starved, their clothes in rags. They filled the streets, and some of them sat on the ground to beg. When Wang Mian asked where they were from, he found that they came from the villages by the Yellow River. Their fields and homes had been flooded, so now they were refugees; and since the government would do nothing for them, they were reduced to beggary. |
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