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Scope: The Scholars Request type: Paragraph
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《儒林外史 - The Scholars》

 [Qing] 1750 Library Resources

《說楔子敷陳大義　借名流隱括全文 - In which an introductory story of a good scholar points the moral of the book》

 Library Resources
3 說楔子敷... :
雖然如此說，元朝末年，也曾出了一個嶔崎磊落的人。這人姓王名冕，在諸暨縣鄉村裏住。七歲上死了父親，他母親做些針黹，供給他到村學堂裏去讀書。看看三個年頭，王冕已是十歲了。母親喚他到面前來說道：「兒啊，不是我有心要耽誤你。只因你父親亡後，我一個寡婦人家，只有出去的，沒有進來的；年歲不好，柴米又貴；這幾件舊衣服和些舊傢伙，當的當了，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針黹生活尋來的錢，如何供得你讀書。如今沒奈何，把你僱在間壁人家放牛，每月可以得他幾錢銀子，你又有現成飯喫，只在明日就要去了。」王冕道：「娘說的是。我在學堂裏坐著，心裏也悶；不如往他家放牛，倒快活些。假如我要讀書，依舊可以帶幾本去讀。」當夜商議定了。
In which an introductory...:
However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty a really remarkable man was born. His name was Wang Mian, and he lived in a village in Zhuji County in Zhejiang. When he was seven his father died, but his mother took in sewing so that he could study at the village school. Soon three years had passed and Wang Mian was ten. His mother called him to her and said, 「Son, it's not that I want to stand in your way. But since your father died and left me a widow, I have had nothing coming in. Times are hard, and fuel and rice are expensive. Our old clothes and our few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. We have nothing to live on but what I make by my sewing. How can I pay for your schooling? There's nothing for it but to set you to work looking after our neighbour's buffalo. You'll be making a little money every month, and you'll get your meals there too. You start tomorrow.」
「Yes, mother,」 said Wang Mian. 「I find sitting in school boring anyway. I'd rather look after buffaloes. If I want to study, I can take a few books along to read.」 So that very night the matter was decided.

4 說楔子敷... :
第二日，母親同他到間壁秦老家。秦老留著他母子兩個喫了早飯，牽出一條水牛來交與王冕，指著門外道：「就在我這大門過去兩箭之地，便是七泖湖，湖邊一帶綠草，各家的牛都在那裏打睡。又有幾十夥合抱的垂楊樹，十分陰涼。牛要渴了，就在湖邊上飲水。小哥，你只在這一帶頑耍，不必遠去。我老漢每日兩餐小菜飯是不少的，每日早上，還折兩個錢與你買點心喫。只是百事勤謹些，休嫌怠慢。」他母親謝了擾要回家去，王冕送出門來。母親替他理理衣服，口裏說道：「你在此須要小心，休惹人說不是；早出晚歸，免我懸望。」王冕應諾，母親含著兩眼眼淚去了。
In which an introductory...:
The next morning his mother took him to the Qin family next door. Old Qin gave them some breakfast, and when they had finished he led out a water buffalo and made it over to Wang Mian.
「Two bow shots from my gate is the lake,」 he said, pointing outside. 「And by the lake is a belt of green where all the buffaloes of the village browse. There are a few dozen big willows there too, so that it is quiet, shady and cool; and if the buffalo is thirsty it can drink at the water's edge. You can play there, son; but don't wander off. I shall see that you get rice and vegetables twice a day; and each morning I shall give you a few coppers to buy a snack to eat while you're out. Only you must work well. I hope you'll find this satisfactory.」
Wang Mian's mother thanked Old Qin and turned to go home. Her son saw her to the gate, and there she straightened his clothes for him.
「Mind now, don't give them any reason to find fault with you,」 she charged him. 「Go out early and come back at dusk. I don't want to have to worry about you.」
Wang Mian nodded assent. Then, with tears in her eyes, she left him.

10 說楔子敷... :
這王冕天性聰明，年紀不滿二十歲，就把那天文、地理，經史上的大學問，無一不貫通。但他性情不同：既不求官爵，又不交納朋友，終日閉戶讀書。又在楚辭圖上看見畫的屈原衣冠，他便自造一頂極高的帽子，一件極闊的衣服。遇著花明柳媚的時節，把一乘牛車載了母親，他便戴了高帽，穿了闊衣，執著鞭子，口裏唱著歌曲，在鄉村鎮上，以及湖邊，到處頑耍，惹的鄉下孩子們三五成群跟著他笑，他也不放在意下。只有隔壁秦老，雖然務農，卻是個有意思的人；因自小看見他長大，如此不俗，所以敬他，愛他，時時和他親熱，邀在草堂裏坐著說話兒。
In which an introductory...:
Wang Mian had genius. While still in his teens, he mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history. He was, however, eccentric. He did not look for an official post, and did not even have any friends. All day he studied behind closed doors; and when he saw in an edition of the poems of Chu Yuan a picture of the poet's costume, he made himself a very high hat and a loose flowing gown. In the fresh and flowering spring he would take his mother out in a buffalo cart, and, dressed in his high hat and loose gown, flourishing the whip and singing songs, would drive all over the countryside and around the lake. Small groups of village children would tag after him, laughing; but he did not mind them. Only his neighbour, Old Qin, realized how remarkable he was; for Old Qin was an intelligent man, though a peasant, and he had seen Wang Mian grow up. He respected and loved Wang Mian, and often asked him to his thatched cottage to talk with him.

11 說楔子敷... :
一日，正和秦老坐著，只見外邊走進一個人來，頭帶瓦楞帽，身穿青布衣服。秦老迎接，敘禮坐下。這人姓翟，是諸暨縣一個頭役，又是買辦。因秦老的兒子秦大漢拜在他名下，叫他乾爺，所以常時下鄉來看親家。秦老慌忙叫兒子烹茶，殺雞、煮肉款留他；就要王冕相陪。彼此道過姓名。那翟買辦道：「只位王相公，可就是會畫沒骨花的麼？」秦老道：「便是了。親家，你怎得知道？」翟買辦道：「縣裏人那個不曉得。因前日本縣老爺吩咐：要畫二十四副花卉冊頁送上司，此事交在我身上。我聞有王相公的大名，故此一徑來尋親家。今日有緣，遇著王相公，是必費心大筆畫一畫。在下半個月後，下鄉來取。老爺少不得還有幾兩潤筆的銀子，一併送來。」秦老在傍，著實攛掇。王冕屈不過秦老的情，只得應諾了。回家用心用意，畫了二十四副花卉，都題了詩在上面。翟頭役稟過了本官，那知縣時仁，發出二十四兩銀子來。翟買辦扣剋了十二兩，只拿十二兩銀子送與王冕，將冊頁取去。時知縣又辦了幾樣禮物，送與危素，作候問之禮。
In which an introductory...:
One day Wang Mian was sitting in Old Qin's cottage when a man wearing a bailiff's cap and blue cloth gown came in. Old Qin welcomed him, and after an exchange of courtesies they sat down. This newcomer's name was Zhai. He was a county runner and also a bailiff, but since Old Qin's son was his godchild he often came to the village to visit their family. Old Qin hastily called his son to make tea, kill a chicken and cook some meat to entertain the bailiff, and asked Wang Mian to accompany them.
When Bailiff Zhai heard Wang Mian's name, he asked, 「Is this Mr. Wang the flower painter?」
「Yes,」 said Old Qin. 「How did you get to know of him?」
「Is there anyone in the county who doesn't know him?」 retorted the bailiff. 「The other day the county magistrate commissioned me to get twenty-four paintings of flowers to send to a superior. Knowing Mr. Wang's great reputation, I've come straight here; and now I'm lucky enough to meet Mr. Wang himself.」 Then he turned to Wang Mian and said: 「I must trouble you to do some paintings. In two weeks I shall come to fetch them, bringing the payment from Magistrate Shi.」
Old Qin pressed Wang Mian to consent and, to please the old man, he agreed.
He went home and took infinite pains to paint twenty-four pictures of flowers, each with a poem appended. Bailiff Zhai reported his meeting with Wang Mian to the magistrate, who gave him twenty-four taels of silver. Of this sum Zhai appropriated half, giving twelve taels only to Wang Mian. He took the flower album away with him, and then the magistrate sent it with some other presents to Mr. Wei.

32 說楔子敷... :
到了服闋之後，不過一年有餘，天下就大亂了。方國珍據了浙江，張士誠據了蘇州，陳友諒據了湖廣，都是些草竊的英雄。只有太祖皇帝起兵滁陽，得了金陵，立為吳王，乃是王者之師；提兵破了方國珍，號令全浙，鄉村鎮市，並無騷擾。
In which an introductory...:
A year after the period of mourning was over, the whole empire was plunged into confusion. Fang Guo-zhen occupied Zhejiang, Zhang Shi-cheng occupied Suzhou, and Chen Youliang occupied Huguang. They were mere rebels. But at the same time, Zhu Yuan-zhang, who later became the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, raised soldiers in Chuyang, took Nanjing, and established himself as Prince of Wu. His was a kingly army. He led his troops to defeat Fang Guo-zhen, and ruled over the whole province of Zhejiang, so that villages and towns were at peace once more.

34 說楔子敷... :
那人獨和王冕攜手進到屋裏，分賓主施禮坐下。王冕道：「不敢拜問尊官尊姓大名？因甚降臨這鄉僻所在？」那人道：「我姓朱，先在江南起兵，號滁陽王；而今據有金陵，稱為吳王的便是。因平方國珍到此，特來拜訪先生。」王冕道：「鄉民肉眼不識，原來就是王爺。但鄉民一介愚人，怎敢勞王爺貴步？」吳王道：「孤是一個粗鹵漢子，今得見先生儒者氣像，不覺功利之見頓消。孤在江南，即慕大名，今來拜訪，要先生指示：浙人久反之後，何以能服其心？」
In which an introductory...:
The stranger took Wang Mian's hand and went into the house with him. They sat down in the positions of guest and host, and Wang Mian asked, 「May I know your honourable name and what has brought you to this village?」
「My name is Zhu. I raised troops in Jiangnan and was known as the Prince of Chuyang; but now, because I hold Nanjing, I am called the Prince of Wu. The campaign against Fang Guo-zhen brought me here, and now I have come to pay my respects to you.」
「I am an ignorant villager,」 said Wang Mian, 「and did not recognize Your Highness. This is indeed an overwhelming honour for a simple peasant like myself.」
「I am a rough and ready fellow,」 answered the Prince of Wu, 「but at the sight of your scholarly bearing, my thirst for fame and wealth has vanished. When I was still in Jiangnan your fame reached my ears, and now I have come to consult you. The people of Zhejiang have rebelled many times. What can I do to win their love?」

35 說楔子敷... :
王冕道：「大王是高明遠見的，不消鄉民多說。若以仁義服人，何人不服，豈但浙江？若以兵力服人，浙人雖弱，恐亦義不受辱。不見方國珍麼？」吳王歎息，點頭稱善。兩人促膝談到日暮。那些從者都帶有乾糧。王冕自到廚下烙了一斤麵餅，炒了一盤韭菜，自捧出來，陪著。吳王喫了，稱謝教誨，上馬去了。這日，秦老進城回來，問及此事。王冕也不曾說就是吳王，只說是軍中一個將官，向年在山東相識的，故此來看我一看。說著就罷了。
In which an introductory...:
「Your Highness is far-sighted,」 said Wang Mian. 「There is no need for a humble person like myself to say much. If you use goodness and justice to win the people, you will win them all — not only those in Zhejiang. But if you try to conquer by force, weak as the people of Zhejiang are, I am afraid they will not submit. Look at the case of Fang Guo-zhen whom you defeated.」
The prince nodded and expressed approval; and sitting face to face they talked till evening. The prince's followers had brought rations, and Wang Mian went to the kitchen to make bread and fry leeks for the prince, sharing the meal with him. The prince then thanked him for his advice, mounted his horse and rode away.
That day Old Qin had gone to the county-seat. On his return he asked Wang Mian who his visitors had been; but instead of telling him that it was the Prince of Wu, Wang Mian simply said, 「It was an army officer I knew when I was in Shandong.」

《王孝廉村學識同科　周蒙師暮年登上第 - Provincial Graduate Wang meets a fellow candidate in a village school. Zhou Meng passes the examination in his old age》

 Library Resources
3 王孝廉村... :
荀老爹先開口道：「今年龍燈上廟，我們戶下各家，須出多少銀子？」申祥甫道：「且住，等我親家來一同商議。」正說著，外邊走進一個人來，兩隻紅眼邊，一副鍋鐵臉，幾根黃鬍子，歪戴著瓦楞帽，身上青布衣服就如油簍一般；手裏拿著一根趕驢的鞭子，走進門來，和眾人拱一拱手，一屁股就坐在上席。這人姓夏，乃薛家集上舊年新參的總甲。
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
Old Mr. Xun was the first to speak.
「How much do we each have to pay for the lantern dance in the temple this year?」 he asked.
「Wait till my relative comes,」 said Shen. 「We'll discuss it together.」
As they were speaking, a man walked in. He had redrimmed eyes, a swarthy face, and sparse, dingy whiskers. His cap was cocked to one side, his blue cloth gown was greasy as an oil-vat, and he carried a donkey switch in one hand. Making a casual gesture of greeting to the company, he plumped himself down in the seat of honour. This was Xia, the new village head for Xue Market.

31 王孝廉村... :
次早，天色已晴，王舉人起來洗了臉，穿好衣服，拱一拱手，上船去了。撒了一地的雞骨頭、鴨翅膀、魚刺、瓜子殼，周進昏頭昏腦，掃了一早晨。
Provincial Graduate Wang meets...:
The next day the weather cleared. Wang Hui got up, washed and dressed, bade Zhou Jin a casual goodbye and went away in his boat, leaving the schoolroom floor so littered with chicken, duck and fish bones, and melon-seed shells, that it took Zhou Jin a whole morning to clear them all away, and the sweeping made him dizzy.

《周學道校士拔真才　胡屠戶行兇鬧捷報 - Examiner Zhou picks out true talent. Butcher Hu cuts up rough after good news》

 Library Resources
8 周學道校... :
看看上京會試，盤費、衣服，都是金有餘替他設處。到京會試，又中了進士，殿在三甲，授了部屬。荏苒三年，陞了御史，欽點廣東學道。
Examiner Zhou picks out...:
Soon it was time to go to the examination in the capital. Zhou Jin's travelling expenses and clothes were provided by Jin. He passed the metropolitan examination too; and after the palace examination he was given an official post. In three years he rose to the rank of censor and was appointed commissioner of education for Guangdong Province.

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