| | 賀齊傳: |
賀齊字公苗，會稽山陰人也。 |
| | He Qi, courtesy name Gongmiao, was a native of Shanyin, Kuaiji.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
少為郡吏，守剡長。縣吏斯從輕俠為姧，齊欲治之，主簿諫曰：「從，縣大族，山越所附，今日治之，明日寇至。」齊聞大怒，便立斬從。從族黨遂相糾合，衆千餘人，舉兵攻縣。齊率吏民，開城門突擊，大破之，威震山越。後太末、豐浦民反，轉守太末長，誅惡養善，期月盡平。 |
| | Yu Yu's Jin shu states: The He family originally bore the surname Qing. He Qi's paternal uncle Chun was a Confucian scholar of great renown. During the reign of Emperor An of Han, he served as Shizhong and Taishou of Jiangxia. After resigning from office, he was jointly summoned by imperial decree along with Huang Qiong of Jiangxia and Yang Hou of Hanzhong. They changed their surname to He in order to avoid the taboo name of Emperor An's father, Emperor Xiaode. He Qi's father was Fu, who served as Chang of Yongning. As a young man, he became an official in the commandery and served as Chang of Shan. A county official named Si Cong was a petty ruffian who committed misconduct. He Qi wanted to punish him, but the chief clerk advised: "Cong is from a prominent family in the county and has been attached by the Shanyue people. If we deal with him today, bandits will come tomorrow." He Qi heard this and became greatly enraged; he immediately beheaded Cong. Cong's clan members then gathered together, forming a group of more than a thousand people, and raised arms to attack the county. He Qi led officials and civilians, opened the city gate for a surprise attack, and thoroughly defeated them, establishing his authority over the Shanyue. Later, when civilians in Taimei and Fengpu rebelled, he was transferred to serve as Chang of Taimei. By punishing the wicked and nurturing the virtuous, within a month he completely pacified the region.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
建安元年，孫策臨郡，察齊孝廉。時王朗奔東冶，候官長商升為朗起兵。策遣永寧長韓晏領南部都尉，將兵討升，以齊為永寧長。晏為升所敗，齊又代晏領都尉事。升畏齊威名，遣使乞盟。齊因告喻，為陳禍福，升遂送上印綬，出舍求降。賊帥張雅、詹彊等不願升降，反共殺升，雅稱無上將軍，彊稱會稽太守。賊盛兵少，未足以討，齊住軍息兵。雅與女壻何雄爭勢兩乖，齊令越人因事交構，遂致疑隙，阻兵相圖。齊乃進討，一戰大破雅，彊黨震懼，率衆出降。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 1, Sun Ce visited the commandery in person and recommended He Qi as a filial and upright official (Xiaolian). At that time, Wang Lang had fled to Dongye, and Shang Sheng, the Chang of Houguan, raised arms in support of him. Sun Ce dispatched Han Yan, who was then the Chang of Yongning and concurrently served as Duwei of the southern region, to lead troops in suppressing Shang Sheng. He Qi was appointed as the new Chang of Yongning. Han Yan was defeated by Shang Sheng, and He Qi then took over Han Yan's duties as Duwei. Shang Sheng feared He Qi's reputation and sent envoys to request a truce. He Qi then explained the situation, detailing the consequences of both good and evil actions. As a result, Shang Sheng surrendered his official seal and came out from his residence to request surrender. The bandit chieftains Zhang Ya and Zhan Qiang, unwilling to see Shang Sheng surrender, instead jointly killed him. Zhang Ya declared himself Wu shang jiangjun (Unsurpassed General), while Zhan Qiang proclaimed himself Taishou of Kuaiji. With the rebels strong and his own forces weak, He Qi was not yet capable of launching an attack; he therefore halted his troops and ceased military operations. Zhang Ya quarreled with his son-in-law He Xiong over power, causing a rift between them. Taking advantage of the situation, He Qi instructed the Yue people to incite discord between them, which eventually led to mutual suspicion and conflict as they mobilized troops against each other. He Qi then launched an attack, defeating Zhang Ya in a single battle. Zhan Qiang's faction was greatly frightened and surrendered with their entire force.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
候官旣平，而建安、漢興、南平復亂，齊進兵建安，立都尉府，是歲八年也。郡發屬縣五千兵，各使本縣長將之，皆受齊節度。賊洪明、洪進、苑御、吳免、華當等五人，率各萬戶，連屯漢興，吳五六千戶別屯大潭，鄒臨六千戶別屯蓋竹，同出餘汗。軍討漢興，經餘汗。齊以為賊衆兵少，深入無繼，恐為所斷，令松陽長丁蕃留備餘汗。蕃本與齊鄰城，恥見部伍，辭不肯留。齊乃斬蕃，於是軍中震慄，無不用命。遂分兵留備，進討明等，連大破之。臨陣斬明，其免、當、進、御皆降。轉擊蓋竹，軍向大潭，三將又降。凡討治斬首六千級，名帥盡禽，復立縣邑，料出兵萬人，拜為平東校尉。十年，轉討上饒，分以為建平縣。 |
| | After Houguan was pacified, Jian'an, Hanxing, and Nanping once again fell into chaos. He Qi advanced his troops to Jian'an and established the Duwei office there; this year was Jian'an Year 8. The commandery mobilized five thousand troops from its subordinate counties, each led by the respective county Changs, all of whom were subject to He Qi's command. The rebels Hong Ming, Hong Jin, Yuan Yu, Wu Mian, and Hua Dang led ten thousand households each, establishing joint encampments in Hanxing. Separately, the five clans of Wu, with a total of more than 50,000 households, set up their own camp at Datan; Zou Lin's six thousand households established another camp at Gaizhu, all originating from Yuhang. Yin Gan. The army advanced to Hanxing, passing through Yuhang. He Qi considered that the rebels outnumbered his troops; a deep advance without reinforcements would risk being cut off. Therefore, he ordered Ding Fan, the Chang of Songyang, to remain and guard Yuhang as a precaution. Ding Fan had originally been He Qi's neighbor in the city; he was ashamed of being placed under command and refused to stay, declining with words. He Qi then beheaded Ding Fan. As a result, the entire army was deeply frightened and no one failed to obey orders. He Qi therefore divided his forces to remain on guard while advancing against Hong Ming and others, achieving successive major victories. Hong Ming was beheaded in battle; Wu Mian, Hua Dang, Hong Jin, and Yuan Yu all surrendered. He Qi then turned to attack Gaizhu, directing his forces toward Datan; the three generals there also surrendered. In total, he subdued and beheaded six thousand rebels; all prominent bandit leaders were captured. He reestablished the county towns, mustered ten thousand troops, and was appointed Pingdong Jiao Wei (Commander of the Eastern Pacification). In Jian'an Year 10, he transferred his campaign to Shangrao and divided it into a new county named Jianping.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
十三年，遷威武中郎將，討丹陽黟、歙。時武彊、葉鄉、東陽、豐浦四鄉先降，齊表言以葉鄉為始新縣。而歙賊帥金奇萬戶屯安勤山，毛甘萬戶屯烏聊山，黟帥陳僕、祖山等二萬戶屯林歷山。林歷山四靣壁立，高數十丈，徑路危狹，不容刀楯，賊臨高下石，不可得攻。軍住經日，將吏患之。齊身出周行，觀視形便，陰募輕捷士，為作鐵弋，密於隱險賊所不備處，以弋拓斬山為緣道，夜令潛上，乃多縣布以援下人，得上百數人，四靣流布，俱鳴皷角，齊勒兵待之。賊夜聞皷聲四合，謂大軍悉已得上，驚懼惑亂，不知所為，守路備險者，皆走還依衆。大軍因是得上，大破僕等，其餘皆降，凡斬首七千。齊復表分歙為新定、黎陽、休陽。并黟、歙，凡六縣，權遂割為新都郡，齊為太守，立府於始新，加偏將軍。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 13, he was promoted to Weiwu Zhonglangjiang (Middle General of Martial Valor) and led a campaign against Yi and She in Danyang. At that time, the four townships of Wuqiang, Yexiang, Dongyang, and Fengpu had already surrendered. He Qi submitted a report recommending that Yexiang be established as Xin Xian (New County). Meanwhile, the rebel chieftain Jin Qi of She, with ten thousand households, was stationed at Anqin Mountain; Mao Gan, also with ten thousand households, occupied Wuliao Mountain. In Yi, the chieftains Chen Pu and Zu Shan, together commanding twenty thousand households, were stationed at Linli Mountain. Linli Mountain was surrounded by sheer cliffs rising dozens of feet high, with narrow and perilous paths that could not accommodate weapons or shields. The rebels occupied the heights and rained down stones, making an attack impossible. The army remained stationed there for several days, and the officers and officials were greatly concerned about it. He Qi personally went out to inspect the terrain, searching for a feasible route. Secretly, he recruited agile and nimble soldiers, equipped them with iron hooks, and in hidden and dangerous places where the rebels were unprepared, they used these hooks to cut paths up the mountain as climbing routes. At night, he ordered them to secretly ascend, then had many people hold ropes from above to assist those below, enabling over a hundred men to climb up. They spread out on all sides, beating drums and blowing horns; He Qi led his troops in readiness to attack. At night, the rebels heard drums and horns coming from all directions. Thinking that the entire army had already ascended, they were greatly frightened and confused, not knowing what to do. Those guarding the paths and dangerous positions fled back to join the main rebel force. Taking advantage of this, the main army was able to ascend and thoroughly defeated Chen Pu and others; the rest all surrendered. In total, seven thousand rebels were beheaded. Baopu Zi said: In the past, Wu sent General He to suppress mountain bandits. Among the rebels was a man skilled in magical restraint; whenever they engaged in battle, the government soldiers could not draw their swords or spears, and arrows shot from bows would return and strike them, causing repeated defeats. General He, with keen insight and thoughtfulness, said: "I have heard that weapons with blades can be restrained by magic, and insects with poison can also be restrained. However, objects without blades or insects without poison cannot be restrained." "He must be the one capable of restraining our troops; but he certainly cannot restrain things that have no blades." He therefore made many sturdy wooden sticks, selected five thousand strong and elite soldiers as the vanguard, and had them all carry these sticks. The mountain bandits relied on their skilled magician and did not take any precautions at all. Thus, the government troops struck them with the wooden sticks; indeed, the magician's magic no longer worked, and they killed tens of thousands in the attack. He Qi again submitted a report requesting that She be divided into Xinding, Liyang, and Xiuyang counties. Combined with Yi and She, this totaled six counties; Sun Quan then carved them into a new commandery named Xindu. He Qi was appointed Taishou (Governor) of the commandery, established his office in Xin, and received the additional title of Bian Jiangjun (General on the Side).
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| | 賀齊傳: |
十六年，吳郡餘杭民郎稚合宗起賊，復數千人，齊出討之，即復破稚，表言分餘杭為臨水縣。被命詣所在，及當還郡，權出祖道，作樂舞象。賜齊軿車駿馬，罷坐住駕，使齊就車。齊辭不敢，權使左右扶齊上車，令導吏卒兵騎，如在郡儀。權望之笑曰：「人當努力，非積行累勤，此不可得。」去百餘步乃旋。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 16, a civilian named Lang Zhi from Yuhang in Wu Jun conspired with his clan to raise a bandit force of several thousand. He Qi went out to suppress them and quickly defeated Lang Zhi; he submitted a report recommending the division of Yuhang into Linshui Xian (Linshui County). Wu Lu states: In the Jin dynasty, it was renamed Lin'an. When ordered to report to his post and upon returning to the commandery, Sun Quan personally came out to see him off with a farewell ceremony, accompanied by music and dance performances. Wu Shu states: Sun Quan said to He Qi, "Now that we have pacified the world and established our capital in China proper, causing exotic peoples to present their treasures and rare beasts suddenly perform dances—without you, who else could achieve this?" He Qi replied, "Your Highness has demonstrated divine martial prowess in accordance with the Mandate of Heaven and expanded the royal cause. I am fortunate to have encountered this opportunity, enabling me to serve under your banner amidst the dust and turmoil, assisting in minor capacities as a mere hunting dog or hawk—this is my greatest wish." "If it is the exotic peoples who present their treasures and the rare beasts that perform dances, this should be attributed to Your Majesty's holy virtue, not something I could achieve." Sun Quan bestowed a palanquin carriage and swift horses upon He Qi. The procession halted, the imperial chariot stopped, and he was ordered to take his seat in the carriage. He Qi declined out of humility, but Sun Quan had attendants assist him into the carriage and ordered officials, soldiers, and cavalry to lead the way with full honors as if he were returning to his commandery. Sun Quan looked after him and smiled, saying, "A person should strive diligently; without accumulated virtue and hard work, such honors cannot be attained." The procession turned back only after traveling more than a hundred paces.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
十八年，豫章東部民彭材、李玉、王海等起為賊亂，衆萬餘人。齊討平之，誅其首惡，餘皆降服。揀其精健為兵，次為縣戶。遷奮武將軍。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 18, civilians Peng Cai, Li Yu, Wang Hai and others from the eastern part of Yuzhang rose in rebellion, gathering more than ten thousand followers. He Qi suppressed and pacified them, executing their ringleaders while the rest surrendered. He selected the strongest among them to become soldiers, and those less fit were registered as county households. He was promoted to Fengwu Jiangjun (General of Martial Valor).
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| | 賀齊傳: |
二十年，從權征合肥。時城中出戰，徐盛被創失矛，齊引兵拒擊，得盛所失。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 20, he followed Sun Quan on a campaign against Hefei. At that time, when the defenders of the city launched an attack, Xu Sheng was wounded and lost his spear. He Qi led troops to resist and recover it for him, retrieving what had been lost by Xu Sheng. Jiangbiao Zhuan states: When Sun Quan returned from his campaign against Hefei, he was ambushed by Zhang Liao at the northern bank of the river and nearly faced a critical danger. At that time, He Qi was leading three thousand troops stationed to the south of the riverbank to meet Sun Quan. After Sun Quan had boarded his large ship, he held a banquet with the generals. He Qi left his seat and wept as he said, "Your Majesty is the Son of Heaven; you should always exercise caution." "Today's events nearly led to disaster. The subordinates were greatly frightened, as if the heavens and earth had collapsed. I hope this will serve as a lifelong warning for you." Sun Quan stepped forward to wipe away his tears and said, "I am deeply ashamed!" "I will keep this lesson in my heart, not merely record it on the sash."
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| | 賀齊傳: |
二十一年，鄱陽民尤突受曹公印綬，化民為賊，陵陽、始安、涇縣皆與突相應。齊與陸遜討破突，斬首數千，餘黨震服，丹楊三縣皆降，料得精兵八千人。拜安東將軍，封山陰侯，出鎮江上，督扶州以上至皖。 |
| | In Jian'an Year 21, a civilian from Poyang named You Tu accepted an official seal and title from Cao Cao, inciting the people to become rebels. Lingyang, Shian, and Jing Xian all responded in support of You Tu. He Qi and Lu Xun suppressed and defeated You Tu, beheading several thousand rebels. The remaining bandits were terrified into submission; the three counties of Danyang all surrendered, from which eight thousand elite soldiers were recruited. He was appointed Andong Jiangjun (General of the East Pacification) and enfeoffed as Marquis of Shanyin. He was stationed to oversee the area along the river above Jiangshang, supervising from Fuzhou up to Wan.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
黃武初，魏使曹休來伐，齊以道遠後至，因住新市為拒。會洞口諸軍遭風流溺，所亡中分，將士失色，賴齊未濟，偏軍獨全，諸將倚以為埶。 |
| | In the early years of Huangwu, Wei sent Cao You on an invasion campaign. He Qi arrived late due to the long distance and therefore stationed his forces at Xinshi for resistance. At that time, the troops at Dongkou encountered a storm and many drowned; half of them were lost. The officers and soldiers turned pale with fear, but He Qi had not yet crossed the river, so his contingent remained intact. All the other generals relied on him for support.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
齊性奢綺，尤好軍事，兵甲器械極為精好，所乘船雕刻丹鏤，青蓋絳襜，干櫓戈矛，葩瓜文畫，弓弩矢箭，咸取上材，蒙衝鬬艦之屬，望之若山。休等憚之，遂引軍還。遷後將軍，假節領徐州牧。 |
| | He Qi was by nature extravagant and fond of luxury, especially passionate about military affairs. His weapons, armor, and equipment were extremely fine. The ship he rode was elaborately carved in red lacquer, with a blue canopy and crimson awning; the oars, halberds, and spears were decorated with intricate floral patterns. Bows, crossbows, arrows, and bolts were all made from top-quality materials. His swift attack ships and war vessels were so numerous that they appeared like mountains when viewed from afar. Cao You and others feared him, so they withdrew their troops. He was promoted to Hou Jiangjun (Later General), granted a military commission, and appointed as acting Mu of Xu Zhou.
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| | 賀齊傳: |
初，晉宗為戲口將，以衆叛如魏，還為蘄春太守，圖襲安樂，取其保質。權以為恥忿，因軍初罷，六月盛夏，出其不意，詔齊督麋芳、鮮于丹等襲蘄春，遂生虜宗。後四年卒，子達及弟景皆有令名，為佳將。 |
| | Initially, Jin Zong had served as a general at Xikou but defected to Wei with his troops. After returning, he became Taishou of Qichun and plotted an attack on Anle in order to seize its security guarantees. Sun Quan considered this a disgrace and, taking advantage of the recent conclusion of military campaigns in midsummer (June), launched an unexpected attack. He ordered He Qi to lead Mi Fang, Xianyu Dan, and others on a surprise assault against Qichun, capturing Jin Zong alive. Four years later, He Qi died. His son Da and his younger brother Jing both gained reputations for virtue and became distinguished generals. Huiji Dianlu states: He Jing served as Miaozhe Jiao Wei (Officer for Suppressing Bandits). He was strict yet kind in commanding his troops, and his weapons were finely decorated, surpassing all others of the time. However, he died at an early age. He Da was somewhat hot-tempered and often incurred conflicts, so although he had meritorious service in military campaigns, his rank did not rise. Nevertheless, he valued righteousness over wealth and possessed extraordinary courage. His son Zhi attained the position of Huya Jiangjun (Fangte General). He Jing's son Shao is separately recorded in a biography.
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| | 全琮傳: |
全琮字子璜，吳郡錢唐人也。父柔，漢靈帝時舉孝廉，補尚書郎右丞，董卓之亂，棄官歸，州辟別駕從事，詔書就拜會稽東部都尉。孫策到吳，柔舉兵先附，策表柔為丹楊都尉。孫權為車騎將軍，以柔為長史，徙桂陽太守。柔甞使琮齎米數千斛到吳，有所市易。琮至，皆散用，空船而還。柔大怒，琮頓首曰：「愚以所市非急，而士大夫方有倒縣之患，故便振贍，不及啟報。」柔更以奇之。 |
| | Quan Cong, courtesy name Zihuang, was a native of Qiantang Commandery, Wu Jun. His father Quan Rou was recommended as a filial and upright official during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, and was appointed to serve as Youcheng of Shangshu Lang. During the chaos caused by Dong Zhuo, he resigned from office and returned home. Later, the state governor appointed him as Biejia Chengshi (an assistant official), and an imperial edict conferred upon him the title of Dushuai of Eastern Kuaiji without requiring him to go to court for appointment. When Sun Ce arrived in Wu, Quan Rou raised his troops and submitted first; Sun Ce then recommended Quan Rou to serve as Dushuai of Danyang. When Sun Quan was appointed General Cheqi, he appointed Quan Rou as his chief clerk (Changshi), and later transferred him to serve as governor of Guiyang. Quan Rou once sent Quan Cong to Wu with several thousand hu of rice for trade purposes. Upon arriving, Quan Cong distributed all the rice and returned on an empty ship. Quan Rou became very angry, but Quan Cong kowtowed and said, "I considered what was purchased to be not urgent, while the gentry were suffering from dire hardships. Therefore, I immediately provided relief without having time to report first." Quan Rou then found him even more remarkable.
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| | 全琮傳: |
是時中州士人避亂而南，依琮居者以百數，琮傾家給濟，與共有無，遂顯名遠近。後權以為奮威校尉，授兵數千人，使討山越。因開募召，得精兵萬餘人，出屯牛渚，稍遷偏將軍。 |
| | Xu Zhong commented: According to the rites, a son serving his father should have no private wealth and must not give alms privately; this is done in order to avoid disrespecting one's superior. To disregard orders, take control of the father's wealth for oneself, and seek fame thereby does not fully conform to the rites between father and son. I, Songzhi, believe that when Zilu asked, "When one hears of something, should he act on it immediately?" the Master said, "You have a father and elder brothers present." Quan Cong immediately dispersed his father's wealth, which was indeed not in accordance with the conduct of a son. However, when scholars' lives were hanging by a thread and their distress was imminent, weighing the urgency between filial duty and saving others, he chose to prioritize people's immediate needs first. This is similar to Feng Xuan buying righteousness or Ji An providing relief; to label this entirely as seeking fame may be unjust and misrepresent his intentions. At that time, many scholars from the Central Plains fled northward turmoil and took refuge in the south, settling with Quan Cong. Hundreds of them lived under his protection; Quan Cong spent all his family's resources to support them, sharing what he had without distinction between himself and others, thus gaining a prominent reputation near and far. Later, Sun Quan appointed him as Fengwei Jiao Wei (a military rank), gave him several thousand soldiers, and ordered him to campaign against the mountain tribes. He then recruited volunteers, raising more than ten thousand elite troops, who were stationed at Niuzhu. He was gradually promoted to the rank of Bianjiangjun (a minor general).
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| | 全琮傳: |
建安二十四年，劉備將關羽圍樊、襄陽，琮上疏陳羽可討之計，權時已與呂蒙陰議襲之，恐事泄，故寢琮表不荅。及禽羽，權置酒公安，顧謂琮曰：「君前陳此，孤雖不相荅，今日之捷，抑亦君之功也。」於是封陽華亭侯。 |
| | In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD), when Liu Bei's general Guan Yu besieged Fan and Xiangyang, Quan Cong submitted a memorial proposing strategies to attack Guan Yu. At that time, Sun Quan had already secretly discussed with Lu Meng plans to launch a surprise attack on Guan Yu; fearing the plot might be revealed, he put Quan Cong's memorial aside without responding. After Guan Yu was captured, Sun Quan held a banquet in Gong'an and said to Quan Cong, "You previously proposed this strategy; although I did not respond at the time, today's victory is also due to your contribution." At that moment, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yanghuating.
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| | 全琮傳: |
黃初元年，魏以舟軍大出洞口，權使呂範督諸將拒之，軍營相望。敵數以輕船鈔擊，琮常帶甲仗兵，伺候不休。頃之，敵數千人出江中，琮擊破之，梟其將軍尹盧。遷琮綏南將軍，進封錢唐侯。四年，假節領九江太守。 |
| | In the first year of Huangchu (220 AD), Wei launched a large naval force at Dongkou, and Sun Quan dispatched Lu Fan to supervise all generals in resisting them; their military camps were visible from one another. łoży The enemy repeatedly launched raids with light warships, and Quan Cong often wore armor and led armed soldiers to keep watch without ceasing. Soon after, several thousand enemy troops emerged from the middle of the river; Quan Cong defeated them and beheaded their general Yin Lu. Quan Cong was promoted to Suinan Jiangjun (General Who Pacifies the South) and enfeoffed as Hou of Qiantang. In the fourth year, he was granted a military commission and appointed to concurrently serve as governor of Jiujiang.
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七年，權到皖，使琮與輔國將軍陸遜擊曹休，破之於石亭。是時丹楊、吳、會山民復為寇賊，攻沒屬縣，權分三郡險地為東安郡，琮領太守。至，明賞罰，招誘降附，數年中，得萬餘人。權召琮還牛渚，罷東安郡。黃龍元年，遷衞將軍、左護軍、徐州牧，尚公主。 |
| | In the seventh year, Sun Quan arrived at Wan and ordered Quan Cong to join Fu Guo Jiangjun Lu Xun in attacking Cao You; they defeated him at Shiting. At that time, the mountain tribes in Danyang, Wu, and Kuai again became bandits, attacking and seizing subordinate counties. Sun Quan divided the dangerous areas of three commanderies to establish Dong'an Commandery, and appointed Quan Cong as its governor. The Wu Lu records: At that time, Quan Cong governed Fuchun. Upon his arrival, he clearly enforced rewards and punishments, luring and persuading the rebels to surrender; within several years, he gained more than ten thousand people. Sun Quan summoned Quan Cong back to Niuzhu, and abolished Dong'an Commandery. The Jiangbiao Zhuan records: When Quan Cong returned, he passed through Qiantang and paid homage to his ancestors' tombs. With his banners, staffs, and ceremonial canopy shining in the old neighborhood, he invited local townspeople who had known him since childhood, as well as relatives of all kinds, and distributed gifts and kindnesses amounting to more than ten thousand units; this was considered a great honor by those from his native land. In the first year of Huanglong (229 AD), Quan Cong was promoted to Weijiangjun, Zuohujun, and Mu of Xu Zhou. The Wu Shu records: Initially, when serving as a general, Quan Cong was very brave and decisive; in the face of an enemy or crisis, he would fight fearlessly without regard for his own life. Later, when serving as a commander, he cultivated authority and maintained prudence; whenever leading troops, he often relied on strategy and did not pursue minor gains. The Jiangbiao Zhuan states: Sun Quan sent his son Sun Deng on a military campaign. After the army had already departed and was stationed at Anle, none of the ministers dared to advise against it. Quan Cong secretly submitted a memorial stating: "Since ancient times, the crown prince has never personally led partial military campaigns. Therefore, when accompanying an expedition he is called Fu Jun (military governor), and when remaining at court to oversee affairs he is known as Jian Guo (regent)." "Now that the crown prince is going east, this does not conform to ancient regulations. I secretly feel worried and doubtful." Sun Quan immediately heeded his advice and ordered Sun Deng to return with the army; those who discussed the matter all considered Quan Cong to have demonstrated the integrity of a great minister. He married the emperor's daughter in marriage.
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嘉禾二年，督步騎五萬征六安，六安民皆散走，諸將欲分兵捕之。琮曰：「夫乘危徼倖，舉不百全者，非國家大體也。今分兵捕民，得失相半，豈可謂全哉？縱有所獲，猶不足以弱敵而副國望也。如或邂逅，虧損非小，與其獲罪，琮寧以身受之，不敢徼功以負國也。」 |
| | In the second year of Jiahe (233 AD), Quan Cong commanded five ten thousand infantry and cavalry to campaign against Liu'an. The people of Liu'an all scattered and fled, and the generals wanted to divide their forces to pursue them. Quan Cong said: "To take advantage of danger for personal gain, and to act in a way that is not completely assured of success, does not conform with the fundamental interests of the state. Now, if we divide our forces to pursue civilians, the gains and losses will be about equal; can this possibly be called a complete or sound strategy?" Even if something is gained, it would still not be enough to weaken the enemy or meet the expectations of the state. Should there be any misfortune, the loss would not be small; rather than committing a crime, Quan Cong would rather bear the consequences himself and dare not seek personal merit at the expense of the state."
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赤烏九年，遷右大司馬、左軍師。為人恭順，善於承顏納規，言辭未甞切迕。初，權將圍珠崖及夷州，皆先問琮，琮曰：「以聖朝之威，何向而不克？然殊方異域，隔絕障海，水土氣毒，自古有之，兵入民出，必生疾病，轉相污染，往者懼不能反，所獲何可多致？猥虧江岸之兵，以兾萬一之利，愚臣猶所不安。」權不聽。軍行經歲，士衆疾疫死者十有八九，權深悔之。後言次及之，琮對曰：「當是時，羣臣有不諫者，臣以為不忠。」 |
| | In the ninth year of Chiwu (246 AD), Quan Cong was transferred to serve as You Dashima and Zu Junshi. He was a person of respectful and obedient character, skilled at observing expressions and accepting advice, and his words were never blunt or disrespectful. Initially, when Sun Quan planned to besiege Zhuyi and Yizhou, he first consulted Quan Cong. Quan Cong said: "With the might of Your Majesty's holy dynasty, what place cannot be conquered? However, these distant and foreign regions are separated by seas and natural barriers. The water, soil, and climate there have long been known to be unhealthy; when troops enter and the local people leave, diseases will inevitably arise and spread among them. Those who go may fear they cannot return, so how much can we realistically expect to gain?" "To recklessly sacrifice the troops along the riverbanks for a chance of one in ten thousand is something even this humble minister finds troubling." Sun Quan did not listen. The campaign lasted for a whole year, and eight or nine out of ten soldiers died from disease; Sun Quan deeply regretted it. Later, when the matter was mentioned in conversation, Quan Cong replied: "At that time, if any minister did not advise against it, I would have considered him disloyal."
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琮旣親重，宗族子弟並蒙寵貴，賜累千金，然猶謙虛接士，貌無驕色。十二年卒，子懌嗣。後襲業領兵，救諸葛誕於壽春，出城先降，魏以為平東將軍，封臨湘侯。懌兄子禕、儀、靜等亦降魏，皆歷郡守列侯。 |
| | Since Quan Cong was both beloved and respected, his relatives and younger generation were all honored with favor; he received gifts amounting to thousands of gold pieces. Yet he still remained humble in receiving scholars, always maintaining a modest demeanor without any signs of arrogance. He died in the twelfth year (249 AD); his son Quan Yi succeeded him. Later, after inheriting his father's position and command of troops, Quan Yi rescued Zhuge Dan at Shouchun but left the city first to surrender. The Wei court appointed him as Pingdong Jiangjun (General Pacifying the East) and enfeoffed him as Hou of Linxiang. Quan Yi's nephew Quan Wei, Quan Yi, and Quan Jing also surrendered to Wei; they all served as commandery governors or marquises. The Wu Shu records: Quan Cong's eldest son, Xu, was well known from an early age. He served in court as a regular official and was assigned to command troops; he gradually advanced to become Yangwu Jiangjun (General of Martial Valor) and military supervisor at Niuzhu. When Sun Liang ascended the throne, Xu was promoted to Zhenbei Jiangjun (General Who Stabilizes the North). During the Dongguan campaign, Xu and Ding Feng advised leading troops out first to defeat the Wei forces. For this, one of his sons was enfeoffed as a Tinghou (Marquis of a town). At age forty-four, Xu died. His second son Ji was executed by imperial decree for being an accomplice to Lu Wang Ba's factionalism. His youngest son Wu, Sun Quan's grandson-in-law, was enfeoffed as Duxiang Hou (Marquis of Duxiang).
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| | 呂岱傳: |
呂岱字定公，廣陵海陵人也，為郡縣吏，避亂南渡。孫權統事，岱詣幕府，出守吳丞。權親斷諸縣倉庫及囚繫，長丞皆見，岱處法應問，甚稱權意，召署錄事，出補餘姚長，召募精健，得千餘人。會稽東冶五縣賊呂合、秦狼等為亂，權以岱為督軍校尉，與將軍蔣欽等將兵討之，遂禽合、狼，五縣平定，拜昭信中郎將。 |
| | Lü Dai, courtesy name Dinggong, was a native of Hailing, Guangling. He served as an official in the commandery and county administrations, and crossed south to avoid war and chaos. When Sun Quan assumed control of affairs, Lü Dai visited his headquarters, and was dispatched to serve as the assistant administrator of Wu Cheng. Sun Quan personally reviewed the granaries, treasuries, and detained prisoners of various counties. The county magistrates and assistants were all summoned to appear. Lü Dai handled legal matters in accordance with proper procedures and was highly praised by Sun Quan for his actions. He was then appointed as a clerk in charge of records (lushi) and later dispatched to serve as the chief administrator of Yuyao. During this time, he recruited capable and strong men, gathering more than a thousand soldiers. Bandits named Lü He and Qin Lang, among others, caused disturbances in five counties of Dongye in Kuaiji. Sun Quan appointed Lü Dai as the military supervisor (dujun xiaowei) and ordered him to join General Jiang Qin and other commanders to lead troops against them. They captured Lü He and Qin Lang and pacified the five counties. For this achievement, Lü Dai was conferred the title of Zhaoxin Zhonglangjiang.
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| | The Wu Shu records: In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211 AD), Lü Dai supervised Langjiang Yin Yi and others, leading 2,000 troops westward to lure Zhang Lu, the bandit leader of Hanzhong, into Hanxing Jicheng. However, due to suspicions on Zhang Lu's part and a severed route, the plan failed to materialize. Sun Quan then summoned Lü Dai back.
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建安二十年，督孫茂等十將從取長沙三郡。又安成、攸、永新、茶陵四縣吏共入陰山城，合衆拒岱，岱攻圍，即降，三郡克定。權留岱鎮長沙。安成長吳碭及中郎將袁龍等首尾關羽，復為反亂。碭據攸縣，龍在醴陵。權遣橫江將軍魯肅攻攸，碭得突走。岱攻醴陵，遂禽斬龍，遷廬陵太守。 |
| | In the twentieth year of Jian'an (215 AD), Lü Dai oversaw ten generals, including Sun Mao, and followed orders to capture the three commanderies of Changsha. Meanwhile, officials from four counties—Ancheng, You, Yongxin, and Chaling—together entered Yingshan Cheng and united their forces to resist Lü Dai. Lü Dai launched an attack and laid siege to them; they immediately surrendered, and thus the three commanderies were pacified. Sun Quan left Lü Dai in charge of garrisoning Changsha. Ancheng's chief administrator Wu Dong and Zhonglangjiang Yuan Long, among others, linked up with Guan Yu at the front and rear to rebel once again. Wu Dong occupied You Xian, while Yuan Long was stationed in Liling. Sun Quan dispatched Hengjiang Jiangjun Lu Su to attack You, and Wu Dong managed to break through the encirclement and fled. Lü Dai attacked Liling, captured and beheaded Yuan Long, and was then promoted to Taishou of Luling.
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延康元年，代步隲為交州刺史。到州，高涼賊帥錢愽乞降，岱因承制，以愽為高涼西部都尉。又鬱林夷賊攻圍郡縣，岱討破之。是時桂陽湞陽賊王金合衆於南海界上，首亂為害，權又詔岱討之，生縛金，傳送詣都，斬首獲生凡萬餘人。遷安南將軍，假節，封都鄉侯。 |
| | In the first year of Yankang (220 AD), Lü Dai succeeded Bu Zhi as the Cishi of Jiaozhou. Upon arriving in the commandery, Qian Bo, a bandit leader from Gaoliang, requested to surrender. Lü Dai then assumed authority by imperial decree and appointed Qian Bo as Duwei of the Western Region of Gaoliang. Bandits from Yulin among the Yi people also launched attacks on commandery and county offices, which Lü Dai suppressed and defeated. At that time, Wang Jin, a rebel leader from Nanhai bordering Guiyang Lingyang, gathered followers and initiated rebellion, causing great harm. Sun Quan again issued an order for Lü Dai to campaign against him. Lü Dai captured Wang Jin alive, sent him to the capital in chains, and during this campaign, he beheaded or captured over ten thousand rebels. Lü Dai was promoted to Annan Jiangjun, granted a military commission (jieshu), and conferred the title of Duxiang Hou.
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交阯太守士燮卒，權以燮子徽為安遠將軍，領九真太守，以校尉陳時代燮。岱表分海南三郡為交州，以將軍戴良為刺史，海東四郡為廣州，岱自為刺史。遣良與時南入，而徽不承命，舉兵戍海口以拒良等。岱於是上疏請討徽罪，督兵三千人晨夜浮海。或謂岱曰：「徽藉累世之恩，為一州所附，未易輕也。」岱曰：「今徽雖懷逆計，未虞吾之卒至，若我潛軍輕舉，掩其無備，破之必也。稽留不速，使得生心，嬰城固守，七郡百蠻，雲合響應，雖有智者，誰能圖之？」遂行，過合浦，與良俱進。徽聞岱至，果大震怖，不知所出，即率兄弟六人肉袒迎岱。岱皆斬送其首。徽大將甘醴、桓治等率吏民攻岱，岱奮擊，大破之，進封番禺侯。於是除廣州，復為交州如故。岱旣定交州，復進討九真，斬獲以萬數。又遣從事南宣國化，曁徼外扶南、林邑、堂明諸王，各遣使奉貢。權嘉其功，進拜鎮南將軍。 |
| | When Tai Shu Shi Xie died, Sun Quan appointed his son Shi Hui as Anyuan Jiangjun and concurrently Taishou of Jiuzhen. He also assigned Xiaowei Chen Shi to succeed Shi Xie in office. Lü Dai submitted a memorial proposing to divide the three commanderies in southern Hainan into Jiaozhou, appointing Jiangjun Dai Liang as Cishi. He also proposed dividing the four commanderies in eastern Hai into Guangzhou, with himself serving as its Cishi. Lü Dai dispatched Dai Liang and Chen Shi to proceed southward, but Shi Hui refused the order and raised troops to garrison the Hai Kou (Hai Gate) in resistance against Dai Liang and others. Lü Dai therefore submitted a memorial requesting permission to campaign against Shi Hui for his crimes, and led 3,000 troops across the sea day and night. Someone advised Lü Dai, "Shi Hui has relied on the accumulated grace of generations and is supported by all in the region; he should not be underestimated." Lü Dai replied, "Now although Shi Hui may be harboring rebellious intentions, he has not anticipated our sudden arrival. If I secretly advance my troops and launch a swift attack while they are unprepared, we will surely defeat him." "If we delay and fail to act quickly, he will gain the initiative, fortify his city for defense, and with the seven commanderies and hundreds of Yi tribes gathering in response like clouds, even a wise man would find it difficult to deal with this situation!" Lü Dai then proceeded forward. Passing through Hepu, he advanced together with Dai Liang. Upon hearing of Lü Dai's arrival, Shi Hui was indeed greatly frightened and did not know what to do. He immediately led his six brothers in surrender, offering up their flesh as a sign of submission by prostrating themselves before Lü Dai. Lü Dai beheaded them all and sent their heads to the capital. Shi Hui's top general Gan Li, along with Huanzhi and others, led officials and civilians to attack Lü Dai. Lü Dai fiercely counterattacked and decisively defeated them, and was subsequently advanced in title to Fanyu Hou. At this time, the Guangzhou commandery was abolished, and Jiaozhou was restored as it had been before. After pacifying Jiaozhou, Lü Dai advanced once more to campaign against Jiuzhen, killing and capturing tens of thousands. He also dispatched an official to travel southward to proclaim the state's influence, and the kings of Funan, Linyi, Tangming, and other regions beyond the frontier each sent envoys bearing tribute. Sun Quan commended his achievements and promoted him to Zhennan Jiangjun.
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黃龍三年，以南土清定，召岱還屯長沙漚口。會武陵蠻夷蠢動，岱與太常潘濬共討定之。嘉禾二年，權令岱領潘璋士衆，屯陸口，後徙蒲圻。四年，廬陵賊李桓、路合、會稽東冶賊隨春、南海賊羅厲等一時並起。權復詔岱督劉纂、唐咨等分部討擊，春即時首降，岱拜春偏將軍，使領其衆，遂為列將，桓、厲等皆見斬獲，傳首詣都。權詔岱曰：「厲負險作亂，自致梟首；桓凶狡反覆，已降復叛。前後討伐，歷年不禽，非君規略，誰能梟之？忠武之節，於是益著。元惡旣除，大小震懾，其餘細類，埽地族矣。自今已去，國家永無南顧之虞，三郡晏然，無怵惕之驚，又得惡民以供賦役，重自歎息。賞不踰月，國之常典，制度所宜，君其裁之。」 |
| | In the third year of Huanglong (231 AD), with the southern territories now pacified, Sun Quan summoned Lü Dai back and stationed him at Oukou in Changsha. Wang Yin's Jiaoguang Ji records: Later, Wu reestablished Guangzhou and appointed Nanyang Teng Xiu as Cishi. Someone told Teng Xiu that the shrimp whiskers in Xiaxu were one zhang long. Teng did not believe it, so later this person deliberately went to Donghai and retrieved a shrimp whisker measuring four zhang and four chi in length, sealed it, and showed it to Teng, who then admitted he had been wrong. When the Yi tribes of Wuling stirred up trouble, Lü Dai joined Taichang Pan Jun in suppressing and pacifying them. In the second year of Jiahe (233 AD), Sun Quan ordered Lü Dai to take command of Pan Zhang's troops and station them at Lukou. Later, they were transferred to Puqi. In the fourth year of Jiahe (245 AD), rebels Li Huan and Lu He from Luling, Suichun the bandit from Dongye in Kuaiji, and Luo Li the rebel from Nanhai all rose up at the same time. Sun Quan once again issued an edict appointing Lü Dai to oversee Liu Zuan, Tang Zi and others in dividing their forces to suppress the rebels. Suichun immediately surrendered. Lü Dai conferred on Suichun the title of Bianjiangjun and ordered him to command his own troops; thus he became a prominent general. Li Huan, Luo Li and others were all captured or killed, and their heads were sent to the capital for display. Sun Quan issued an edict to Lü Dai saying: "Luo Li took advantage of a perilous terrain to rebel, and thus brought upon himself the fate of having his head displayed on a pole; "Li Huan was vicious, cunning, and fickle, surrendering once but rebelling again. "After numerous campaigns over the years, he could not be captured. Without your strategy and planning, who else could have displayed his head on a pole?" "Your loyalty and martial virtue are thus even more evident." With the chief evildoers eliminated, both great and small rebels were terrified. The remaining minor bandits were completely wiped out like dust swept away. From now on, the state will forever be free from worries in the south. The three commanderies are at peace without any cause for alarm or fear. Moreover, we have gained wicked people to serve as subjects for taxes and labor duties—this is truly a matter of great relief and satisfaction. "Rewards should not be delayed beyond the month; this is an established state practice, in accordance with proper regulations. You are to decide accordingly."
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潘濬卒，岱代濬領荊州文書，與陸遜並在武昌，故督蒲圻。頃之，廖式作亂，攻圍城邑，零陵、蒼梧、鬱林諸郡搔擾，岱自表輒行，星夜兼路。權遣使追拜岱交州牧，及遣諸將唐咨等駱驛相繼，攻討一年破之，斬式及遣諸所偽署臨賀太守費楊等，并其支黨，郡縣悉平，復還武昌。時年已八十，然體素精勤，躬親王事。奮威將軍張承與岱書曰：「昔旦奭翼周，二南作歌，今則足下與陸子也。忠勤相先，勞謙相讓，功以權成，化與道合，君子歎其德，小人悅其美。加以文書鞅掌，賔客終日，罷不舍事，勞不言倦，又知上馬輒自超乘，不由跨躡，如此足下過廉頗也，何其事事快也。周易有之，禮言恭，德言盛，足下何有盡此美耶！」及陸遜卒，諸葛恪代遜，權乃分武昌為兩部，岱督右部，自武昌上至蒲圻。遷上大將軍，拜子凱副軍校尉，監兵蒲圻。孫亮即位，拜大司馬。 |
| | After Pan Jun died, Lü Dai succeeded him in overseeing the official documents of Jingzhou. He and Lu Xun were stationed together at Wuchang, hence he was also in charge of Puqi. Soon after, Liao Shi rebelled and launched attacks on cities and towns. The commanderies of Lingling, Cangwu, Yulin, and others were disturbed and troubled. Lü Dai submitted a self-initiated report to take action and set out at night without delay, traveling day and night along the route. Sun Quan sent envoys to bestow upon Lü Dai the title of Jiaozhou Mu. At the same time, he dispatched various generals such as Tang Zi and others by relayed caravans to follow in succession. After a year of attacking and suppressing them, they defeated Liao Shi's forces, beheading him along with Fei Yang, who had been falsely appointed Tai Shu of Linhe, and other accomplices. All the commanderies and counties were restored to peace, and Lü Dai returned once more to Wuchang. At that time he was already eighty years old; yet his body had always been strong and diligent, and he personally attended to state affairs with dedication. Fenwei Jiangjun Zhang Cheng wrote a letter to Lü Dai, saying: "In ancient times, Dan and Shi assisted the Zhou dynasty, and the two southern regions composed songs in their honor. Now it is you and Lu Ziyi who are comparable." "Your loyalty and diligence precede all others, your toil and humility are shared in mutual deference. Your achievements were realized through authority, and your transformation aligns with the Way. The virtuous sigh at your virtue, while the petty rejoice in your excellence." "Moreover, despite the heavy burden of official documents and constant guests throughout the day, you never abandon your duties even when exhausted, nor do you speak of fatigue. Furthermore, whenever you mount a horse, you leap onto it effortlessly without needing to climb or step up—such is your vigor! In this regard, you surpass 廉 po (Lian Po). How remarkable that you accomplish everything so swiftly and efficiently!" "The Yijing says: 'The rites speak of reverence, virtue speaks of flourishing.' How is it that you possess all these virtues to the fullest extent!" After Lu Xun died, Zhuge Ke succeeded him. Sun Quan then divided Wuchang into two sections, with Lü Dai overseeing the right section from Wuchang upstream to Puqi. Lü Dai was promoted to Shang Dajiangjun, and his son Lü Kai was appointed as Fujun Xiaowei, overseeing troops stationed at Puqi. When Sun Liang ascended the throne, he conferred on Lü Dai the title of Dashima.
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岱清身奉公，所在可述。初在交州，歷年不餉家，妻子飢乏。權聞之歎息，以讓羣臣曰：「呂岱出身萬里，為國勤事，家門內困，而孤不早知。股肱耳目，其責安在？」於是加賜錢米布絹，歲有常限。 |
| | Lü Dai maintained personal integrity and served the public faithfully; his conduct in every position was commendable. Initially when he was stationed in Jiaozhou, for many years he did not send home any provisions, and his wife and children suffered from hunger and poverty. Sun Quan heard of this and sighed, reprimanding his ministers by saying: "Lü Dai has traveled thousands of miles from his homeland to serve the state diligently. His family suffers within their home, yet I did not learn of it soon enough." "Where lies the responsibility of my trusted advisors and eyes and ears?" Thus, he bestowed additional gifts of money, rice, cloth, and silk to Lü Dai's family, with a fixed annual amount.
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始，岱親近吳郡徐原，慷慨有才志，岱知其可成，賜巾褠，與共言論，後遂薦拔，官至侍御史。原性忠壯，好直言，岱時有得失，原輒諫諍，又公論之，人或以告岱，岱歎曰：「是我所以貴德淵者也。」及原死，岱哭之甚哀，曰：「德淵，呂岱之益友，今不幸，岱復於何聞過？」談者美之。 |
| | Initially, Lü Dai was close to Xu Yuan from Wu Jun. Xu Yuan was generous and talented with lofty aspirations. Recognizing his potential for success, Lü Dai gave him a headscarf and trousers (jinhou), engaged in discussions with him, and later recommended and promoted him; he eventually attained the post of Shiyushi. Xu Yuan was by nature loyal and bold, fond of speaking his mind. Whenever Lü Dai made mistakes or had shortcomings, Xu Yuan would promptly remonstrate with him and also publicly comment on them. Some people informed Lü Dai about this, who sighed and said: "This is precisely why I value Xu Yuan so highly." When Xu Yuan died, Lü Dai mourned him deeply and said: "Xu Yuanyuan was a true friend who benefited me. Now that he is unfortunately gone, to whom shall I turn for advice on my faults?" Commentators praised this greatly.
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| | 呂岱傳: |
太平元年，年九十六卒，子凱嗣。遺令殯以素棺，疏巾布褠，葬送之制，務從約儉，凱皆奉行之。 |
| | In the first year of Taiping (256 AD), at the age of ninety-six, Lü Dai died; his son Lü Kai succeeded him. He left instructions to be buried in a plain wooden coffin, with only a simple headscarf and cloth trousers. The funeral arrangements were to follow the principle of simplicity and frugality; Lü Kai carried out all these wishes accordingly.
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| | 周魴傳: |
周魴字子魚，吳郡陽羨人也。少好學，舉孝廉，為寧國長，轉在懷安。錢唐大帥彭式等蟻聚為寇，以魴為錢唐侯相，旬月之間，斬式首及其支黨，遷丹楊西部都尉。黃武中，鄱陽大帥彭綺作亂，攻沒屬城，乃以魴為鄱陽太守，與胡綜戮力攻討，遂生禽綺，送詣武昌，加昭義校尉。被命密求山中舊族名帥為北敵所聞知者，令譎挑魏大司馬揚州牧曹休。魴荅，恐民帥小醜不足仗任，事或漏泄，不能致休，乞遣親人齎牋七條以誘休： |
| | Zhou Fang, courtesy name Ziyu, was a native of Wu Jun Yangxian. He was fond of learning from an early age and was recommended as a filial and upright official. He served as the magistratus of Ningguo, later transferring to Huai'an. The great commander of Qiantang, Peng Shi, and others gathered like ants to become bandits. Zhaofang was appointed as the marquis xiang (magistrate) of Qiantang. Within a few months, he beheaded Peng Shi along with his followers, and was then transferred to serve as the western commandant of Danyang. During the Huangwu period, the great commander of Po Yang, Peng Qi, rebelled and attacked and captured several cities. Zhaofang was then appointed as governor of Po Yang. Working together with Hu Zong, they launched an attack to suppress the rebellion, capturing Peng Qi alive and sending him to Wuchang. For this achievement, he was awarded the title of Zhao Yi Jiao Wei (Chivalrous Officer of Righteousness). He was ordered to secretly seek out famous commanders from the old families in the mountains whose names were known by the northern enemy, and to instruct them to deceive and provoke Cao You, the Grand Marshal and Yangzhou Governor of Wei. Zhaofang replied, fearing that minor local commanders might not be reliable enough and that the plan could accidentally leak out, thus failing to entice Cao You. He requested permission to send a close relative carrying seven letters to lure Cao You:
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| | 周魴傳: |
其一曰：「魴以千載徼幸，得備州民，遠隔江川，敬恪未顯，瞻望雲景，天寔為之。精誠微薄，名位不昭，雖懷焦渴，曷緣見明？狐死首丘，人情戀本，而逼所制，奉覿禮違。每獨矯首西顧，未甞不寤寐勞歎，展轉反側也。今因隙穴之際，得陳宿昔之志，非神啟之，豈能致此！不勝翹企，萬里託命。謹遣親人董岑、邵南等託叛奉牋。時事變故，列於別紙，惟明公君侯垂日月之光，照遠民之趣，永令歸命者有所戴賴。」 |
| | The first letter read: "Zhaofang, by sheer good fortune in a thousand years, has been allowed to serve as a citizen of the state. Far separated by rivers and mountains, my respectful devotion remains unacknowledged. Looking up at your lofty virtue from afar, it is truly heaven's doing." My sincere devotion and humble status are obscure; though I am filled with longing and yearning, how can I possibly gain your recognition? Even a fox dies facing its native hill; it is human nature to cherish one's roots. Yet constrained by circumstances, I have been compelled to violate the rites of formal audience. Whenever I alone raise my head and look westward, I have never failed to sigh in weariness day and night, tossing and turning in restless anxiety. Now, taking advantage of this opportunity, I am able to express my long-held aspirations; if it were not for divine inspiration, how could such a chance have come about! I cannot contain my eager anticipation and entrust my life across ten thousand miles. With utmost care, I have sent close relatives Dong Cen and Shao Nan to deliver this letter by pretending to be defectors. The changes and events of the times are detailed in a separate document. I humbly request that you, my esteemed lord, bestow your luminous wisdom like sun and moon to illuminate the aspirations of distant subjects, ensuring forever those who submit will have someone to rely upon and look up to."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其二曰：「魴遠在邊隅，江汜分絕，恩澤教化，未蒙撫及，而於山谷之間，遙陳所懷，懼以大義，未見信納。夫物有感激，計因變生，古今同揆。魴仕東典郡，始願已獲，銘心立報，永矣無貳。豈圖頃者中被橫譴，禍在漏刻，危於投卵，進有離合去就之宜，退有誣罔枉死之咎，雖志行輕微，存沒一節，顧非其所，能不悵然！敢緣古人，因知所歸，拳拳輸情，陳露肝膈。乞降春天之潤，哀拯其急，不復猜疑，絕其委命。事之宣泄，受罪不測，一則傷慈損計，二則杜絕向化者心，惟明使君遠覽前世，矜而愍之，留神所質，速賜祕報。魴當候望舉動，俟須嚮應。」 |
| | The second letter read: "Zhaofang is far away in a remote corner, separated by rivers and streams. I have not yet received the grace or instruction of your benevolence. Yet from among the mountains and valleys, I dare to express my thoughts afar, fearing that appeals based on great righteousness may not be trusted or accepted. Indeed, things can stir emotions, and strategies arise from changing circumstances—this has been the same throughout ancient and modern times. Serving in the eastern commandery of our state, Zhaofang has already achieved his initial aspiration; I have engraved this in my heart and vowed to repay it with loyalty, forever without any second thoughts. Who could have foreseen that recently I was unjustly condemned, facing disaster within a moment, as precarious as an egg about to be dropped. Proceeding forward would mean separation and uncertainty; retreating would invite false accusations and wrongful death. Though my aspirations and actions are humble, whether alive or dead, I remain steadfast in integrity—yet this is not the path for me, how could I help but feel sorrowful! Daring to follow the example of ancient men, I now know where my allegiance lies. With earnest sincerity, I lay bare my heart and innermost feelings before you. I humbly beg for the grace of spring's nourishment, to compassionately rescue me from this dire strait and no longer entertain suspicions that would sever my submission. If this matter were to be exposed, the unforeseen punishment would bring two harms: first, it would wound your kindness and undermine your strategy; second, it would cut off the hearts of those who wish to turn toward civilization. I beg you, esteemed magistratus, to look far back into past precedents, take pity on me with compassion, pay attention to my earnest plea, and swiftly grant a secret reply. "Zhaofang will await your commands and movements, ready to respond accordingly."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其三曰：「魴所代故太守廣陵王靖，往者亦以郡民為變，以見譴責，靖勤自陳釋，而終不解，因立密計，欲北歸命，不幸事露，誅及嬰孩。魴旣目見靖事，且觀東主一所非薄，嫿不復厚，雖或蹔舍，終見翦除。今又令魴領郡者，是欲責後效。必殺魴之趣也。雖尚視息，憂惕焦灼，未知軀命，竟在何時。人居世間，猶白駒過隙，而常抱危怖，其可言乎！惟當陳愚，重自披盡，懼以卑賤，未能采納。願明使君少垂詳察，忖度其言。今此郡民，雖外名降首，而故在山草，看伺空隙，欲復為亂，為亂之日，魴命訖矣。東主頃者潛部分諸將，圖欲北進。呂範、孫韶等入淮，全琮、朱桓趨合肥，諸葛瑾、步隲、朱然到襄陽，陸議、潘璋等討梅敷。東主中營自掩石陽，別遣從弟孫奐治安陸城，脩立邸閣，輦貲運糧，以為軍儲，又命諸葛亮進指關西，江邊諸將無復在者，才留三千所兵守武昌耳。若明使君以萬兵從皖南首江渚，魴便從此率厲吏民，以為內應。此方諸郡，前後舉事，垂成而敗者，由無外援使其然耳；若北軍臨境，傳檄屬城，思詠之民，誰不企踵？願明使君上觀天時，下察人事，中參蓍龜，則足昭往言之不虛也。」 |
| | The third letter read: "Zhaofang's predecessor, the former governor of Guangling Wang Jing, was once also blamed for disturbances caused by local citizens. He earnestly explained his situation in an attempt to clear himself, but he was never exonerated. Consequently, he devised a secret plan to surrender northward, but unfortunately the plot was uncovered and even infants were executed along with him. Having witnessed Wang Jing's fate firsthand, and observing that the eastern ruler has grown increasingly indifferent to those he once favored, showing no more leniency—though perhaps temporarily spared, they are ultimately eliminated. Now that I have been ordered again to govern the commandery, it is clearly an attempt to hold me accountable for future results. This must be a ploy to kill my aspirations. Though I still draw breath, I am filled with anxiety and torment, uncertain whether my life will end at any moment. A man's life in this world is like a white steed passing through a crevice—fleeting and brief. To constantly live with fear and terror, how can such suffering be put into words! I can only present my humble thoughts once more in full sincerity, fearing that due to my lowly status, they may still not be heeded. I pray you, esteemed magistratus, will kindly take a moment to examine and consider my words carefully. Now, the people of this commandery, though outwardly claiming submission, still hide in the mountains and grasslands, watching for an opportunity to rise again. On the day they rebel once more, my life will surely come to an end. Recently, the eastern ruler secretly divided his generals and planned to advance northward. Lü Fan and Sun Shao entered the Huai River region, Quan Cong and Zhu Huan advanced toward Hefei, Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, and Zhu Ran arrived at Xiangyang, while Lu Yi and Pan Zhang led troops to suppress Mei Fu. The eastern ruler's central camp personally occupied Shiyang, while separately dispatching his cousin Sun Huan to garrison the city of Anlu. He ordered the construction of pavilions and storehouses, transporting wealth and grain by cart for military provisions. Additionally, he commanded Zhuge Liang to advance toward Guanxi (the western passes). There were no longer any generals stationed along the riverfront; only about three thousand troops remained to defend Wuchang. If you, esteemed magistratus, lead ten thousand troops from the southern bank of Wannan at the head of the river, Zhaofang will then rally and inspire local officials and civilians here to serve as an inner ally. The previous uprisings in the various commanderies of this region, which were on the verge of success but ultimately failed, did so precisely because there was no external support. If northern troops approach our border and issue proclamations to the subordinate cities, who among the people longing for change would not eagerly look forward to this moment? I pray you, esteemed magistratures, will look upward at the celestial omens, downward at human affairs, and consult divination in between—this would be sufficient to prove that my previous words were not empty."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其四曰：「所遣董岑、邵南少長家門，親之信之，有如兒子，是以特令齎牋，託叛為辭，目語心計，不宣脣齒，骨肉至親，無有知者。又已勑之，到州當言往降，欲北叛來者得傳之也。魴建此計，任之於天，若其濟也，則有生全之福；邂逅泄漏，則受夷滅之禍。常中夜仰天，告誓星辰。精誠之微，豈能上感，然事急孤窮，惟天是訴耳。遣使之日，載生載死，形存氣亡，魄爽怳惚。私恐使君未深保明，岑、南二人可留其一，以為後信。一齎教還，教還故當言悔叛還首。東主有常科，悔叛還者，皆自原罪。如是彼此俱塞，永無端原。縣命西望，涕筆俱下。」 |
| | The fourth letter read: "Dong Cen and Shao Nan, whom I have sent, were raised in my household from a young age. They are as dear to me as sons; therefore, I specially instructed them to carry the letters, feigning defection as an excuse. Their communication was through glances and inner thoughts, never spoken aloud—such intimate family matters, no one else knows of it. Moreover, I have already given them strict orders that upon arriving at the state capital they should declare their intention to surrender, so as to allow those who wish to defect northward to learn of it. Zhaofang devised this plan, leaving its success or failure in the hands of heaven. If it succeeds, there will be a blessing of survival and safety; If by chance it is exposed, we shall suffer the calamity of annihilation. I often gaze at the sky in the middle of the night, swearing oaths to the stars and constellations. Though my sincere devotion is faint, how could it possibly move heaven above? Yet in this desperate and lonely hour, I can only appeal to the heavens. On the day I sent off my envoys, it was as if I were living and dying at once; though my body remained, my spirit seemed to vanish, my soul drifting in uncertainty. I secretly fear that you may not yet fully trust them; one of Dong Cen and Shao Nan could be left behind as a future assurance. One can carry your instructions back, and upon returning, it will naturally appear that he has repented of his defection and returned to surrender. The eastern ruler has a standing regulation: those who repent from rebellion and return, are all pardoned of their crimes. In this way, both sides would be satisfied, and there would forever be no further grounds for suspicion or conflict. With my life hanging in the balance, I gaze westward with tears streaming down as I write."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其五曰：「鄱陽之民，實多愚勁，帥之赴役，未即應人，倡之為變，聞聲響抃。今雖降首，盤節未解，山栖草藏，亂心猶存，而今東主圖興大衆，舉國悉出，江邊空曠，屯塢虛損，惟有諸刺姦耳。若因是際而搔動此民，一旦可得便會，然要恃外援，表裏機互，不爾以往，無所成也。今使君若從皖道進住江上，魴當從南對岸歷口為應。若未徑到江岸，可住百里上，令此閒民知北軍在彼，即自善也。此閒民非苦飢寒而甘兵寇，苦於征討，樂得北屬，但窮困舉事，不時見應，尋受其禍耳。如使石陽及青、徐諸軍首尾相銜，牽綴往兵，使不得速退者，則善之善也。魴生在江、淮，長於時事，見其便利，百舉百捷，時不再來，敢布腹心。」 |
| | The fifth letter read: "The people of Po Yang are indeed mostly stubborn and foolish. When ordered to perform duties, they do not immediately respond; yet when incited to rebellion, they eagerly rally at the sound of a call. Now, although they have outwardly surrendered, their hidden tensions remain unresolved. They dwell in the mountains and hide among the grasses; their rebellious thoughts still linger. At present, the eastern ruler is planning to raise a large force, mobilizing the entire country, leaving the riverfront desolate and depopulated, with only scattered outposts remaining. If we take advantage of this moment to stir up these people, a sudden opportunity may be seized. Yet success still depends on external support; coordination between inside and outside forces is essential—without it, nothing can be accomplished. Now, if you, magistratus, advance along the Wannan road and take position on the riverbank, Zhaofang shall respond by moving from the southern opposite bank at Likou. If you have not yet reached the riverbank directly, you may halt a hundred li upstream. This will allow the people in this region to know that northern troops are there, and they will then act of their own accord. The people in this region do not suffer from hunger or cold and yet willingly become bandits; they are tormented by constant military levies and would gladly submit to the north. However, when driven to desperation and taking action without timely support, they soon face disaster. If the forces at Shiyang and from Qingzhou, Xuzhou, etc., could link up front and rear to tie down the enemy troops, preventing them from retreating quickly, this would be most advantageous. Zhaofang was born along the Yangtze and Huai rivers, raised amidst current affairs. I see these opportunities clearly; a hundred attempts would yield a hundred successes. Such an opportunity will not come again—I dare to lay bare my true thoughts."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其六曰：「東主致恨前者不拔石陽，今此後舉，大合新兵，并使潘濬發夷民，人數甚多，聞豫設科條，當以新羸兵置前，好兵在後，攻城之日，云欲以羸兵填壍，使即時破，雖未能然，是事大趣也。私恐石陽城小，不能乆留往兵，明使君速垂救濟，誠宜疾密。王靖之變，其鑒不遠。今魴歸命，非復在天，正在明使君耳。若見救以往，則功可必成，如見救不時，則與靖等同禍。前彭綺時，聞旌麾在逢龍，此郡民大小歡喜，並思立效。若留一月日間，事當大成，恨去電速，東得增衆專力討綺，綺始敗耳。願使君深察此言。」 |
| | The sixth letter read: "The eastern ruler deeply regrets not having captured Shiyang previously. Now, in this subsequent campaign, he has gathered a large number of new troops and ordered Pan Xun to mobilize the Yi people, amassing many soldiers. It is said that he has already prepared regulations, intending to place his weak and inexperienced troops at the front while keeping his strong forces behind. On the day of attacking the city, it was claimed they would use these weak troops to fill in ditches so as to break through immediately. Although this may not actually happen, such a plan is still highly significant. I secretly fear that the small size of Shiyang city may not allow enemy troops to remain for long. Esteemed magistratus, you should swiftly provide relief—this is truly urgent and must be done in secret. The fate of Wang Jing serves as a recent warning. Now, my submission is no longer in the hands of heaven—it rests entirely with you, esteemed magistratus. If timely rescue is provided, success will surely be achieved; if not, I shall share the same fate as Wang Jing. During the time of Peng Qi's rebellion, it was heard that your banner was at Fenglong; people in this commandery, young and old, rejoiced together and all wished to establish merit. If you had remained for even a month, the matter would have been greatly accomplished. Regrettably, your departure was too swift; the eastern forces were able to reinforce and concentrate their strength against Peng Qi, who then began to suffer defeat. I pray you will deeply consider these words."
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| | 周魴傳: |
其七曰：「今舉大事，自非爵號無以勸之，乞請將軍、侯印各五十紐，郎將印百紐，校尉、都尉印各二百紐，得以假授諸魁帥，獎厲其志，并乞請幢麾數十，以為表幟，使山兵吏民，目瞻見之，知去就之分已決，承引所救畫定。又彼此降叛，日月有人，闊狹之間，輒得聞知。今之大事，事宜神密，若省魴牋，乞加隱祕。伏知智度有常，防慮必深，魴懷憂震灼，啟事蒸仍，乞未罪怪。」 |
| | The seventh letter read: "Now, undertaking such a great endeavor, without titles and ranks it would be impossible to encourage the people. I humbly request fifty seals for generals and marquises, one hundred for lieutenants, two hundred each for chao wei (chivalrous officers) and dou wei (commanders), so that these may be temporarily bestowed upon outstanding leaders to inspire their resolve. Furthermore, I beg permission to obtain several dozen banners and standards as symbols, enabling the mountain troops, officials, and civilians to see them with their own eyes, knowing clearly whether they should remain or leave, and thus follow the guidance of those who have been rescued and whose plans are already set." Moreover, as people defect or surrender between our sides on a daily basis, the wide and narrow spaces of communication allow such news to be frequently heard. This great endeavor must remain secret; if you review Zhaofang's letters, I humbly request they be kept confidential. I am fully aware that your wisdom and judgment are sound, and your precautions must be thorough. Zhaofang is filled with anxiety and distress, repeatedly submitting these matters for consideration; I humbly beg you not to hold me in blame or resentment."
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| | 周魴傳: |
魴因別為密表曰：「方北有逋寇，固阻河洛，乆稽王誅，自擅朔土，臣曾不能吐奇舉善，上以光贊洪化，下以輸展萬一，憂心如擣，假寐忘寢。聖朝天覆，含臣無效，猥發優命，勑臣以前誘致賊休，恨不如計。令於郡界求山谷魁帥為北賊所聞知者，令與北通。臣伏思惟，喜怖交集，竊恐此人不可卒得，假使得之，懼不可信，不如令臣譎休，於計為便。此臣得以經年之兾願，逢值千載之一會，輒自督竭，竭盡頑蔽，撰立牋草以誑誘休者，如別紙。臣知無古人單複之術，加卒奉大略，伀矇狼狽，懼以輕愚，忝負特施，豫懷憂灼。臣聞唐堯先天而天弗違，博詢芻蕘，以成盛勳。朝廷神謨，欲必致休於步度之中，靈贊聖規，休必自送，使六軍囊括，虜無孑遺，威風電邁，天下幸甚。謹拜表以聞，并呈牋草，懼於淺局，追用悚息。」被報施行。休果信魴，帥步騎十萬，輜重滿道，徑來入皖。魴亦合衆，隨陸遜橫截休，休幅裂瓦解，斬獲萬計。 |
| | Zhaofang then separately drafted a secret memorial, stating: "In the north there are fugitive bandits who stubbornly block the He and Luo rivers. For a long time they have evaded royal punishment,擅自 claiming dominion over northern territories. As an official, I am unable to offer extraordinary strategies or recommend virtuous men; above, I cannot contribute to the great cause of your rule, below, I can barely fulfill even one ten-thousandth of my duty. My heart is filled with worry as if being pounded, and I lie awake in restless sleep. Your holy dynasty's heavenly protection encompasses even an ineffective subject like me, yet I am unworthy of the generous orders bestowed upon me. You commanded me to entice and capture the bandit Cao You beforehand, but alas, my plan did not succeed as intended. You ordered me to seek out outstanding leaders in the mountain valleys within this commandery whose names are known by northern bandits, and instruct them to establish contact with the north. I pondered deeply, my heart filled with both joy and fear. I secretly feared that such a person could not be found quickly; even if one were found, I doubted their reliability. It would be more advantageous to have me deceive Cao You instead. This is the long-held aspiration of a lifetime, an opportunity that comes once in a thousand years. I have therefore urged myself to exert every effort, despite my stubbornness and limitations, composing these letters to deceive and lure Cao You, as detailed in the separate document. I know that I lack the strategies of ancient sages, and hastily executing such a grand plan has left me confused and in disarray. Fearing my own foolishness and inadequacy, I am ashamed to have failed your special trust; this anxiety burns within me even before action is taken. I have heard that Emperor Tang Yao, who acted in accordance with heaven before heaven itself moved, achieved great achievements by widely consulting even the lowliest commoners. The court's divine strategy aims to capture Cao You within the course of his march. With spiritual support for your holy plan, he will surely surrender on his own, allowing our six armies to encircle and capture him completely, leaving not a single enemy behind. The might of this campaign shall spread like lightning, bringing great fortune to all under heaven. With utmost reverence I submit this memorial and present the draft letters. Fearing my narrow-mindedness, I shudder with anxiety." He was reported to have carried out the plan as instructed. Cao You indeed believed Zhaofang and led ten thousand infantry and cavalry, with supply wagons filling the roads, directly advancing into Wannan. Zhaofang also gathered his forces and joined Lu Xun, who ambushed Cao You from the side. Cao's army was shattered like broken tiles, with tens of thousands captured or killed.
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| | 周魴傳: |
魴初建密計時，頻有郎官奉詔詰問諸事，魴乃詣部郡門下，因下髮謝，故休聞之，不復疑慮。事捷軍旋，權大會諸將歡宴，酒酣，謂魴曰：「君下髮載義，成孤大事，君之功名，當書之竹帛。」加裨將軍，賜爵關內侯。 |
| | When Zhaofang first devised his secret plan, officials frequently arrived with imperial orders to question him about various matters. To dispel suspicion, he went in person to the commandery's gate and shaved his head as a sign of submission and apology. Upon hearing this, Cao You no longer harbored doubts or suspicions. After the victory and the return of the troops, Sun Quan held a grand banquet for all his generals. When the wine flowed freely, he said to Zhaofang: "You shaved your head in pursuit of righteousness and helped me achieve this great success. Your name and merit shall be recorded on bamboo slips and silk." He was then granted the title of Bi Jiang Jun (Assisting General) and bestowed with the marquisate of Guannei Hou.
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| | 周魴傳: |
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| | Xu Zhong commented: "When a subject establishes merit and upholds virtue, although there may be many paths to do so, each has its own proper role. As a general holding the drum and leading troops, one must be prepared to die for duty; as a defender of one's post, there is the virtue of standing firm without relying on external tools. To die in such a cause ensures a worthy end, and righteousness lies in not acting recklessly or with compromise. Zhaofang, as a commandery governor, was responsible for governing the people. Without being ordered by his lord, he took it upon himself to lure the enemy and shaved his head in order to pursue fame and reward. Although his plan succeeded and he received honors, such actions are not considered commendable by gentlemen.
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| | 周魴傳: |
賊帥董嗣負阻劫鈔，豫章、臨川並受其害。吾粲、唐咨甞以三千兵攻守，連月不能拔。魴表乞罷兵，得以便宜從事。魴遣間諜，授以方策，誘狙殺嗣。嗣弟怖懼，詣武昌降於陸遜，乞出平地，自改為善，由是數郡無復憂惕。 |
| | The bandit commander Dong Si relied on his position to commit raids and plundering, causing harm to both Yu Zhang and Linchuan. Min Songzhi's annotation: The commandery of Linchuan was first established in the second year of the Taiping era under Sun Liang; therefore, at that time there had not yet been a Linchuan. Wu Can and Tang Zi once attacked and defended with three thousand troops, but failed to capture the position even after several months of continuous effort. Zhaofang submitted a memorial requesting that military operations be suspended so he could act with discretion and flexibility. Zhaofang sent secret spies, providing them with strategies to entice and ambush Dong Si for his assassination. Dong Si's younger brother, terrified by the developments, went to Wuchang and surrendered to Lu Xun. He pleaded for a chance to leave the mountainous region and reform himself as a good man; thus, several commanderies were freed from further worry or fear.
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| | 周魴傳: |
魴在郡十三年卒，賞善罰惡，威恩並行。子處，亦有文武材幹，天紀中為東觀令、無難督。 |
| | Zhaofang died in office after thirteen years of service as governor. He rewarded the virtuous and punished the wicked, administering both authority and benevolence together. His son Zhaochu also possessed talent in both literary and martial affairs, serving during the Tianji period as Dongguan Ling (Commander of Dongguan) and Wunan Du (Supervisor of Wunan). Yu Yu's Jin Shu records: Zhaochu entered the Jin dynasty and served as Zhongcheng of the Yushi (Imperial Censorate), frequently exposing and censuring wrongdoings without fear of powerful adversaries. When Qi Wannian rebelled, Zhaochu was appointed as Jianwei Jiangjun (General of Martial Valor) and sent westward to campaign. Facing a vastly outnumbered force, he bravely led his troops in battle without regard for personal safety and ultimately died on the battlefield. He was posthumously honored with the title Pingxi Jiangjun (General Pacifying the West). Zhaochu's sons, Qi and Zha, both possessed talent and strength. During the early years of the dynasty's revival, they were both favored and entrusted with important positions. All his sons and nephews occupied prominent positions, becoming powerful aristocrats in Yangzhou. However, Zha was vicious, licentious, and unrestrained, causing great suffering to the common people. In the Taining period, Wang Dun executed him and exterminated his entire clan.
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| | 鍾離牧傳: |
鍾離牧字子幹，會稽山陰人，漢魯相意七世孫也。 |
| | Zhonglimu, courtesy name Ziguan, was a native of Shanyin, Kuaiji, and the seventh-generation descendant of Han dynasty Lu Xiang Yi.
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| | 鍾離牧傳: |
少爰居永興，躬自墾田，種稻二十餘畝。臨熟，縣民有識認之，牧曰：「本以田荒，故墾之耳。」遂以稻與縣人。縣長聞之，召民繫獄，欲繩以法，牧為之請。長曰：「君慕承宮，自行義事，僕為民主，當以法率下，何得寢公憲而從君邪？」牧曰：「此是郡界，緣君意顧，故來蹔住。今以少稻而殺此民，何心復留？」遂出裝，還山陰，長自往止之，為釋繫民。民慙懼，率妻子舂所取稻得六十斛米，送還牧，牧閉門不受。民輸置道旁，莫有取者。牧由此發名。 |
| | The Kuaiji Dianluo records: "Mu's father, Xu, was a Louchuan Duwei. His elder brother, Yin, served as an Shangjili official. When young, Zhonglimu was equally renowned with his fellow native Xie Zan and Gu Tan of Wuju." When Zhonglimu was a child, he was known as Chine. Yin often told people: "Mu will surely surpass me; I must not underestimate him." At that time, everyone thought otherwise. When young, he resided in Yongxing and personally tilled the land, planting more than twenty mu of rice fields. When it was about to ripen, county residents who recognized the field claimed ownership, but Zhonglimu said: "I cultivated this land because it had been fallow." He then gave the rice to the county people. The county magistrate, upon hearing of this, summoned the villagers and put them in prison, intending to punish them according to law. Zhonglimu pleaded on their behalf. The magistrate said: "You admire Cheng Gong and have personally done a righteous deed. The Xuhanshu records: 'Gong, courtesy name Shaizi, was a native of Langya. He once cultivated millet in Mengyin Mountain. When it was about to ripen, people came forward to claim the field, so Gong gave it up and left; thus he became famous, eventually attaining the position of Zuo Zhonglangjiang and Shizhong.'" "I am your official; I should govern according to the law. How can I ignore public justice and follow you?" Zhonglimu said: "This is within the jurisdiction of the commandery, and we have come here temporarily because of your kindness." "Now, if you kill these people over a small amount of rice, how can I possibly stay any longer?" He then packed up and returned to Shanyin. The magistrate personally went after him and stopped him, releasing the detained villagers. The villagers were ashamed and fearful; they brought their wives and children to pound the rice they had taken, producing sixty hu of grain, which they sent back to Zhonglimu. He closed his door and refused to accept it. The villagers left the grain by the roadside, but no one took it. Zhonglimu thus became famous. Xu Zhong commented: "Mu followed the conduct of a noble gentleman." An inquirer asked: "What Mu did—being wronged but not retaliating, then rescuing those who had wronged him; being upright yet not claiming credit, and returning what was given without accepting it—can this not be called benevolence and humility?" The response said: "This is different from what I have heard." Yuan Xian asked Confucius: "If one refrains from aggression, resentment, and desire, can this be considered benevolence?" Confucius said: "It may be difficult to do so, but whether it is benevolence I cannot say." "Those who hate what is not benevolent are themselves practicing benevolence." Now, these commoners did not stretch out their limbs to work the land but claimed another's rice; this is extremely un-benevolent. Yet Mu gave it up and even rescued them from punishment—this act of yielding was not in accordance with righteousness, nor was the person saved worthy. This does not meet what is meant by 'hating what is not benevolent.' If one does not hate what is un-benevolent, how can one be considered benevolent! Cangwu Jiao married a beautiful wife and gave her to his elder brother; Weisheng was faithful, remaining steadfast until the water came and he died; Zhigong valued uprightness so much that he testified against his father for stealing a sheep; Shen Ming upheld the law, remained loyal to his lord, and arrested his own father. Loyalty, trustworthiness, uprightness, and humility—these four virtues are what sages and virtuous men hold in high esteem. Yet to not value the humility of Cangwu is not to understand the Way of humility; To reject Weisheng's faithfulness is not to recognize true faithfulness; To disapprove Zhigong's uprightness is not to grasp the essence of uprightness; To not commend Shen Ming's loyalty is not to understand true loyalty. Now, Mu being wronged but not retaliating and returning what was given without taking it may be considered difficult to do, yet this does not amount to benevolent humility. The sage repays virtue with virtue and uprightness with resentment, yet Mu wishes to repay resentment with virtue—this is wrong. If one must choose between the two, which should be followed? "I follow Confucius."
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| | 鍾離牧傳: |
赤烏五年，從郎中補太子輔義都尉，遷南海太守。還為丞相長史，轉司直，遷中書令。會建安、鄱陽、新都三郡山民作亂，出牧為監軍使者，討平之。賊帥黃亂、常俱等出其部伍，以充兵役。封秦亭侯，拜越騎校尉。 |
| | In the fifth year of Chiwu, he was appointed as a Langzhong and served as Fuyi Duwei to the crown prince. He later transferred to serve as Taishou of Nanhai. The Kuaiji Dianlu records: "Gaoliang bandit leaders, such as Sheng Nu, plundered the common people and harmed officials and civilians. Mu crossed jurisdictional boundaries to suppress them, subduing them within ten days." Also, in Jieyang Xian, bandit leaders such as Ceng Xia led thousands of followers. For more than ten years, despite offering a thousand bolts of silk and noble titles to recruit informants or capture them, they could not be subdued at all. Mu sent envoys to pacify and persuade them; upon arrival, the bandits all surrendered and confessed their crimes, reforming themselves into law-abiding citizens. Shixing Taishou Yang Dao, in a letter to Taichang Teng Yin, said: "I did not know Zhongli Ziguan well in the past. Now that I have seen him serving in Nanhai, he commands his troops with both authority and benevolence; his wisdom and courage are clearly evident. Moreover, his conduct is upright and pure, embodying the virtues of ancient men." He was thus held in such high esteem. After serving for four years in the commandery, he resigned from office due to illness. He returned and served as Changshi of the Chancellor, later transferring to Sizhi, and was promoted to Zhongshu Ling. When the mountain dwellers of Jian'an, Poyang, and Xindu commanderies rebelled, Mu was dispatched as a Jijun Shizhe (supervisory military envoy) to suppress and pacify them. The bandit leaders Huang Luan, Chang Ju, et al., emerged from their ranks to serve in the military conscription. He was enfeoffed as Duke of Qingtong and appointed as Yueqi Jiao Wei (Commander of the Yueqi Cavalry).
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| | 鍾離牧傳: |
永安六年，蜀并于魏，武陵五谿夷與蜀接界，時論懼其叛亂，乃以牧為平魏將軍，領武陵太守，往之郡。魏遣漢葭縣長郭純試守武陵太守，率涪陵民入蜀遷陵界，屯于赤沙，誘致諸夷邑君，或起應純，又進攻酉陽縣，郡中震懼。牧問朝吏曰：「西蜀傾覆，邊境見侵，何以禦之？」皆對曰：「今二縣山險，諸夷阻兵，不可以軍驚擾，驚擾則諸夷盤結。宜以漸安，可遣恩信吏宣教慰勞。」牧曰：「不然。外境內侵，誑誘人民，當及其根柢未深而撲取之，此救火貴速之勢也。」勑外趣嚴，掾史沮議者便行軍法。撫夷將軍高尚說牧曰：「昔潘太常督兵五萬，然後以討五谿夷耳。又是時劉氏連和，諸夷率化，今旣無往日之援，而郭純已據遷陵，而明府以三千兵深入，尚未見其利也。」牧曰：「非常之事，何得循舊？」即率所領，晨夜進道，緣山險行，垂二千里，從塞上，斬惡民懷異心者魁帥百餘人及其支黨凡千餘級，純等散，五谿平。遷公安督、揚武將軍，封都鄉侯，徙濡須督。復以前將軍假節，領武陵太守。卒官。家無餘財，士民思之。子禕嗣，代領兵。 |
| | In the sixth year of Yongan, Shu was annexed by Wei. The Wuxi Yi people in Wuling, who bordered Shu, were feared to rebel at that time; thus Mu was appointed as Pingwei Jiangjun (General Pacifying Wei) and concurrently served as Taishou of Wuling, being sent to the commandery. Wei dispatched Guan Xia Xianchang Guo Chun to serve as acting Taishou of Wuling. He led Fuling civilians into the territory of Shulan in Shu and stationed at Chisha, luring various Yi chieftains. Some responded to Guo Chun's call; he then advanced to attack Youyang Xian, causing alarm throughout the commandery. Mu asked his officials: "The western Shu has collapsed and our borders are being invaded—how can we defend against this?" They all replied: "Now, the two counties are mountainous and treacherous; the various Yi tribes resist with arms. We cannot use military force to disturb them, for disturbance would only cause the tribes to unite more firmly." "We should pacify them gradually and send officials of benevolence and trustworthiness to proclaim our teachings, offer comfort, and show kindness." Mu said: "Not so." "When an external force invades our territory and deceives the people, we should strike before their roots are firmly established; this is akin to extinguishing a fire—speed is essential." He ordered strict preparation for action and declared that any clerks or officials who opposed the plan would be punished by military law. Fu Yi Jiangjun Gao Shang advised Mu: "In the past, Pan Taichang commanded fifty thousand troops before he could campaign against the Wuxi Yi." "Moreover, at that time the Liu family maintained alliances and the various Yi tribes were already pacified. Now we have no support as in the past; Guo Chun has already occupied Qianling. If you lead only three thousand troops deep into enemy territory, it is not yet clear what benefit this will bring." Mu said: "For extraordinary matters, how can we follow old precedents?" He immediately led his forces, advancing day and night through treacherous mountain terrain for nearly two thousand li. From the frontier, he beheaded more than a hundred ringleaders of wicked civilians with disloyal hearts as well as over one thousand of their followers. Guo Chun's forces scattered, and Wuxi was pacified. He was transferred to serve as Gong'an Du (commander of Gong'an) and Yangwu Jiangjun, enfeoffed as Duxiang Hou, and later moved to Ruxu Du. The Kuaiji Dianlu recorded: "While serving at Ruxu, Mu believed that great achievements could be made through proactive action but dared not present his strategy. During a banquet with Shizhong Dongguan Ling Zhu Yu, he sighed deeply in sorrow." Yu said that Mu was resentful because his strategy and rank did not match. He then told Mu: "The officials of the court have attained high positions merely by chance. The title of Tinghou is unmatched in merit, yet you refuse to be beneath others; even those who show concern for you still feel uneasy, how much more so with a marquis!" Mu smiled and replied: "What you have said does not touch my heart." "Ma Yuan once said, a man should be rewarded little despite having made many contributions." "My contribution is not enough to merit record, yet the honor I have received already exceeds what I deserve. How could that be a cause for resentment?" "If the state does not deeply understand me, yet I see harm coming to officials of the court, this is why I remain silent and dare not present any proposals." "If that were not the case, I would certainly devise strategies for proactive action to repay the grace bestowed upon me; it is not merely about self-preservation. This is why I feel frustrated and sigh." Yu replied again: "The state already recognizes you, Marquis. With your talents, nothing will remain unaccomplished." "I believe it is entirely appropriate for you to present what lies in your heart." Mu said: "Wu'an Jun told King Qin: 'It is not difficult to achieve great accomplishments, but it is hard to obtain virtuous talent; it is not difficult to acquire virtuous people, but difficult to use them properly; it is not hard to employ them, but hard to entrust them with responsibility.'" Wu'an Jun wished to assist King Qin in conquering the six states, but feared that if given responsibilities he would not be trusted; thus, he first made this statement. King Qin agreed in principle but failed to act accordingly. In the end, Wu'an Jun's impending achievements were ruined and he was ordered to commit suicide at Duyou by being given a sword. "Now, the state's understanding of me is not as thorough as King Qin's understanding of Wu'an Jun, yet those who harm me are even more severe than Fan Ju." During the reign of the Great Emperor, Lu Chengxiang was sent to campaign in Poyang and assigned two thousand troops to me. When Pan Taichang campaigned against Wuling, I had another three thousand men. Yet the imperial court debated below, abandoning me there, so that the commanders at Jiangzhu no longer dispatched reinforcements. I have managed to survive by relying on the might and divine protection of the state; what is there for me today that I cannot accomplish? "If I had recklessly proposed my plans without considering the timing and circumstances, and if entrusted with responsibilities but lacking sufficient military strength, there would have been a risk of failure. How could there then be any assurance of success?" He was again appointed as Qianjun General with provisional authority and concurrently served as Taishou (governor) of Wuling. He died in office. His family had no remaining wealth, and officials and common people alike mourned for him. His son Yi succeeded him and took command of the troops in his place. The Kuaiji Dianlu said: "Mu's second son, Sheng, also practiced humility and respect, serving as a Shangshu Lang." His younger brother Xun led troops as a general, was appointed Bianjiangjun (a minor general), and garrisoned at Xiling. He discussed the terrain with Jijun Shizhe Tang Sheng, stating that Yicheng and Xinling should serve as reinforcements for Jianping; if they were not fortified first, the enemy would enter first. Sheng considered Shiji and Liu Ping to be renowned generals of wisdom and strategy, who had frequently operated in that area without mentioning the need for fortification. Therefore, he did not agree with Xun's plan. Half a year later, Jin indeed sent generals to repair the city of Xinling. When the Jin army pacified Wu, Xun commanded the naval forces and died in battle on the battlefield.
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| | 鍾離牧傳: |
評曰：山越好為叛亂，難安易動，是以孫權不遑外禦，卑詞魏氏。凡此諸臣，皆克寧內難，綏靜邦域者也。呂岱清恪在公；周魴譎略多奇；鍾離牧蹈長者之規；全琮有當世之才，貴重於時，然不檢姧子，獲譏毀名云。 |
| | Comment: The mountain tribes of Yue were prone to rebellion, difficult to pacify and easily stirred into unrest. Therefore, Sun Quan had no time for external defense and submitted humbly to the Wei dynasty with lowly words. All these officials overcame internal difficulties and brought peace and stability to their regions. Lü Dai was upright, conscientious, and devoted to public affairs; Zhou Fang was cunning and resourceful, full of unusual strategies; Zhonglimu followed the conduct of noble gentlemen; Quan Cong possessed talents suitable for his time and was highly esteemed, yet he failed to discipline his wayward son, thus incurring criticism that damaged his reputation.
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