| | 农战: |
善为国者，仓廪虽满，不偷于农；国大民众，不淫于言，则民朴一。民朴一，则官爵不可巧而取也。不可巧取，则奸不生。奸不生则主不惑。 |
| Agriculture and War: |
The way to organize a country well is, even though the granaries are filled, not to be negligent in agriculture, and even though the country is large and its population numerous, to have no licence of speech. (This being so), the people will be simple and have concentration; the people being simple and having concentration, then office arid rank cannot be obtained by artfulness. If these cannot be obtained by artfulness, then wickedness will not originate; and if wickedness does not originate, the ruler will not be suspicious. |
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今境内之民及处官爵者，见朝廷之可以巧言辩说取官爵也，故官爵不可得而常也。是故进则曲主，退则虑所以实其私，然则下卖权矣。夫曲主虑私，非国利也，而为之者，以其爵禄也。下卖权，非忠臣也，而为之者，以末货也。 |
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But now the people within the territory, and those who hold office and rank, see that it is possible to obtain, from the court, office and rank by means of artful speech and sophistry. Therefore, there is no permanency in office and rank, with the result that at court they deceive their ruler and, retiring from court, they think of nothing but of how to realize their selfish interests and thus sell power to their inferiors. Now deceiving the ruler and being concerned for their own interests is not to the advantage of the state, but those who thus act, do so for the sake of rank and emolument; selling power to inferiors is not proper for a loyal minister, but those who thus act do so for the sake of insignificant presents. |
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然则下官之冀迁者，皆曰：“多货则上官可得而欲也。”曰：“我不以货事上而求迁者，则如以狸饵鼠尔，必不冀矣。若以情事上而求迁者，则如引诸绝绳而求乘枉木也，愈不冀矣。之二者不可以得迁，则我焉得无下动众取货以事上，而以求迁乎！” |
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Consequently all the lower officials, who hope for promotion, say: 'If we send many presents, we may obtain the higher office which we desire.' They say too: 'To strive for promotion, without serving superiors with presents, is like setting a cat as bait for a rat - it is absolutely hopeless. To strive for promotion by serving superiors with sincerity is like wishing to climb a crooked tree by holding on to a broken rope - it is even more hopeless. If, to attain promotion, these two methods are out of the question, what else can we do, in striving for it, but bring the masses below us into action and obtain presents, for the purpose of serving our superiors? |
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百姓曰：“我疾农，先实公仓，收馀以事亲，为上忘生而战，以尊主安国也；仓虚，主卑，家贫，然则不如索官！”亲戚交游合，则更虑矣。豪杰务学诗书，随从外权；要靡事商贾，为技艺：皆以避农战。民以此为教，则粟焉得无少，而兵焉得无弱也！ |
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The people say: We till diligently, first to fill the public granaries, and then to keep the rest for the nourishment of our parents; for the sake of our superiors we forget our love of life, and fight for the honour of the ruler and for the peace of the country. But if the granaries are empty, the ruler debased and the family poor, then it is best to seek office. Let us then combine relatives and friends and think of other plans. Eminent men will apply themselves to the study of the Odes and History, and pursue these improper standards; insignificant individuals will occupy themselves with trade, and practise arts and crafts, all in order to avoid agriculture and war. Where the people are given to such teachings, how can the grain be anything but scarce, and the soldiers anything but weak? |
