| | 農戰: |
今為國者多無要。朝廷之言治也，紛紛焉務相易也。是以其君惛於說，其官亂於言，其民惰而不農。故其境內之民，皆化而好辯樂學，事商賈，為技藝，避農戰，如此則亡國不遠矣。國有事，則學民惡法，商民善化，技藝之民不用，故其國易破也。 |
| Agriculture and War: |
But now, those who run a state for the most part overlook what is essential, and the discussions at court, on government, are confused, and efforts are made to displace each other in them; thus the prince is dazed by talk, officials confused by words, and the people become lazy and will not farm. The result is that all the people within the territory change and become fond of sophistry, take pleasure in study, pursue trade, practise arts and crafts, and shun agriculture and war; and so in this manner (the ruin of the country) will not be far off. When the country has trouble, then because studious people hate law, and merchants are clever in bartering and artisans are useless, the state will be easily destroyed. |
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夫農者寡，而遊食者眾，故其國貧危。今夫螟螣蚵蠋春生秋死，一出而民數年乏食。今一人耕，而百人食之，此其為螟螣蚼蠋亦大矣。雖有詩書，鄉一束，家一員，獨無益於治也，非所以反之之術也。故先王反之於農戰。故曰：百人農，一人居者，王；十人農，一人居者，強；半農半居者，危。 |
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Indeed, if farmers are few, and those who live idly on others are many, then the state will be poor and in a dangerous condition. Now, for example, if various kinds of caterpillars, which are born in spring and die in autumn, appear only once, the result is that the people have no food for many years. Now, if one man tills and a hundred live on him, it means that they are like a great visitation of caterpillars. Though there may be a bundle of the Odes and History in every hamlet and a copy in every family, yet it is useless for good government, and it is not a method whereby this condition of things may be reversed. Therefore the ancient kings made people turn back to agriculture and war. For this reason is it said: 'Where a hundred men farm and one is idle, the state will attain supremacy; where ten men farm and one is idle, the state will be strong; where half farms and half is idle, the state will be in peril. |
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故治國者欲民之農也。國不農，則與諸侯爭權不能自持也，則眾力不足也。故諸侯撓其弱，乘其衰，土地侵削而不振，則無及已。聖人知治國之要，故令民歸心於農。歸心於農，則民樸而可正也。紛紛，則不易使也；信，可以守戰也。壹，則少詐而重居；壹，則可以賞罰進也；壹，則可以外用也。 |
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That is why those who govern the country well, wish the people to take to agriculture. If the country does not take to agriculture, then in its quarrels over authority with the various feudal lords, it will not be able to maintain itself, because the strength of the multitude will not be sufficient. Therefore the feudal lords vex its weakness and make use of its state of decadence; and if the territory is invaded and dismembered, without the country being stirred to action, it will be past saving. A sage knows what is essential in administrating a country, and so he induces the people to devote their attention to agriculture. If their attention is devoted to agriculture, then they will be simple, and being simple, they may be made correct. Being perplexed, it will be easy to direct them; being trustworthy, they may be used for defence and warfare. Being single-minded, opportunities of deceit will be few, and they will attach importance to their homes. Being single-minded, their careers may be made dependent on rewards and penalties; being single-minded, they may be used abroad. |
