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-> -> -> 更法

《更法》

英文翻译:J. J. L. Duyvendak[?]
提到《更法》的书籍 电子图书馆
1 更法:
孝公平画,公孙鞅、甘龙、杜挚三大夫御于君,虑世事之变,讨正法之本,求使民之道。
Reform of the Law:
Duke Xiao discussed his policy. The three Great Officers, Gong sun Yang, Gan Long and Du Zhi, were in attendance on the Prince. Their thoughts dwelt on the vicissitudes of the world's affairs; they discussed the principles of rectifying the law, and they sought for the way of directing the people.

2 更法:
君曰:“代立不忘社稷,君之道也;错法务明主长,臣之行也。今吾欲变法以治,更礼以教百姓,恐天下之议我也。”
Reform of the Law:
The prince said: "Not to forget, at his succession, the tutelary spirits of the soil and of grain, is the way of a prince; to shape the laws and to see to it that an intelligent ruler reigns, are the tasks of a minister. I intend, now, to alter the laws, so as to obtain orderly government, and to reform the rites, so as to teach the people; but I am afraid the empire will criticize me."

3 更法:
公孙鞅曰:“臣闻之,‘疑行无成,疑事无功,’君亟定变法之虑,殆无顾天下之议之也。且夫有高人之行者,固见负于世;有独知之虑者,必见訾于民。语曰:‘愚者暗于成事,知者见于未萌。民不可与虑始,而可与乐成。’郭偃之法曰:‘论至德者,不和于俗;成大功者,不谋于众。’法者,所以爱民也;礼者,所以便事也。是以圣人苟可以强国,不法其故;苟可以利民,不循其礼。”
Reform of the Law:
Gong sun Yang said: "I have heard it said that he who hesitates in action, does not accomplish anything, and that he who hesitates in affairs, gains no merit. Let Your Highness settle Your thoughts quickly about altering the laws and perhaps not heed the criticism of the empire. Moreover, he who conducts himself as an outstanding man is, as a matter of course, disapproved of by the world; he who has thoughts of independent knowledge is certainly despised by the world. The saying runs: 'The stupid do not even understand an affair when it has been completed, but the wise see it even before it has sprouted.' One cannot let the people share in the thoughts about the beginnings of an affair, but they should be allowed to share in the rejoicings over the completion of it. The law of Guo Yan says: 'He who is concerned about the highest virtue is not in harmony with popular ideas; he who accomplishes a great work, does not take counsel with the multitude.' The law is an expression of love for the people; rites are a means for making things run smoothly. Therefore a sage, if he is able to strengthen the state thereby, does not model himself on antiquity, and if he is able to benefit the people thereby, does not adhere to the established rites."

4 更法:
孝公曰:“善。”
Reform of the Law:
Duke Xiao expressed his approval.

5 更法:
甘龙曰:“不然。臣闻之,圣人不易民而教,知者不变法而治。因民而教者,不劳而功成;据法而治者,吏习而民安。今若变法,不循秦国之故,更礼以教民,臣恐天下之议君,愿孰察之。”
Reform of the Law:
But Gan Long said: "Not so. I have heard it said: 'A sage teaches without changing the people, and a wise man obtains good government without altering the laws.' If one teaches in accordance with the spirit of the people, success will be achieved without effort; if one governs, holding on to the law, officials will be well versed in it and the people will live quietly. Now, if Your Highness alters the laws without adhering to the old customs of the Ch'in state, and reforms the rites in order to teach the people, I am afraid that the empire will criticize Your Highness, and I wish that You would reflect maturely."

6 更法:
公孙鞅曰:“子之所言,世俗之言也。夫常人安于故习,学者溺于所闻。此两者所以居官守法,非所与论于法之外也。三代不同礼而王,五霸不同法而霸,故知者作法,而愚者制焉;贤者更礼,而不肖者拘焉。拘礼之人,不足与言事;制法之人,不足与论变。君无疑矣。”
Reform of the Law:
Gong sun Yang replied: "What you, sir, hold is the point of view of the man in the street. Indeed, ordinary people abide by old practices, and students are immersed in the study of what is reported from antiquity. These two kinds of men are all right for filling offices and for maintaining the law, but they are not the kind who can take part in a discussion which goes beyond the law. The Three Dynasties have attained supremacy by different rites, and the five Lords Protector have attained their protectorships by different laws. Therefore, a wise man creates laws, but a foolish man is controlled by them; a man of talent reforms rites, but a worthless man is enslaved by them. With a man who is enslaved by rites, it is not worth while to speak about matters; with a man who is controlled by laws, it is not worth while to discuss reform. Let Your Highness not hesitate."

7 更法:
杜挚曰:“臣闻之,利不百,不变法;功不十,不易器。臣闻法古无过,循礼无邪。君其图之。”
Reform of the Law:
Du Zhi said: "Unless the advantage be a hundredfold, one should not reform the law; unless the benefit be tenfold, one should not alter an instrument. I have heard it said that in taking antiquity as an example, one makes no mistakes, and in following established rites one commits no offence. Let Your Highness aim at that."

8 更法:
公孙鞅曰:“前世不同教,何古之法?帝王不相复,何礼之循?伏羲神农教而不诛,黄帝尧舜诛而不怒,及至文武,各当时而立法,因事而制礼。礼法以时而定,制令各顺其宜,兵甲器备各便其用。臣故曰:‘治世不一道,便国不必法古。’汤武之王也,不循古而兴;殷夏之灭也,不易礼而亡。然则反古者未可必非,循礼者未足多是也。君无疑矣。”
Reform of the Law:
Gong sun Yang said: "Former generations did not follow the same doctrines, so what antiquity should one imitate? The emperors and kings did not copy one another, so what rites should one follow? Fu Xi and Shen nong taught but did not punish; Huang di, Yao and Shun punished but were not angry; Wen wang and Wu wang both established laws in accordance with what was opportune and regulated rites according to practical requirements; as rites and laws were fixed in accordance with what was opportune, regulations and orders were all expedient, and weapons, armour, implements and equipment were all practical. Therefore, I say: 'There is more than one way to govern the world and there is no necessity to imitate antiquity, in order to take appropriate measures for the state.' Tang and Wu succeeded in attaining supremacy without following antiquity, and as for the downfall of Yin and Xia - they were ruined without rites having been altered. Consequently, those who acted counter to antiquity do not necessarily deserve blame, nor do those who followed established rites merit much praise. Let Your Highness not hesitate."

9 更法:
孝公曰:“善。吾闻穷巷多怪,曲学多辨。愚者之笑,智者哀焉;狂夫之乐,贤者丧焉。拘世以议,寡人不之疑矣。”
Reform of the Law:
Duke Xiao said: "Excellent ! I have heard it said that in poor country districts, much is thought strange, and that in village schools there are many debates. What the foolish laugh about, the wise are sad about; the joy of a madman is the sorrow of a man of talent. One should, in one's plans, be directed by the needs of the times - I have no doubts about it."

10 更法:
于是遂出垦草令。
Reform of the Law:
Thereupon, in consequence, he issued the order to bring waste lands under cultivation.

URN: ctp:shang-jun-shu/reform-of-the-law