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管叔鲜、蔡叔度者，周文王子而武王弟也。武王同母兄弟十人。母曰太姒，文王正妃也。其长子曰伯邑考，次曰武王发，次曰管叔鲜，次曰周公旦，次曰蔡叔度，次曰曹叔振铎，次曰成叔武，次曰霍叔处，次曰康叔封，次曰冉季载。冉季载最少。同母昆弟十人，唯发、旦贤，左右辅文王，故文王舍伯邑考而以发为太子。及文王崩而发立，是为武王。伯邑考既已前卒矣。 |
| | Guan Shuxian and Cai Shudu were sons of King Wen of Zhou and younger brothers of King Wu. King Wu had ten full brothers. Their mother was Tai Si, the official wife of King Wen. Their eldest son was Boyikao, the second was King Wu Fa, the third was Guan Shuxian, the fourth was Zhou Gong Dan, the fifth was Cai Shudu, the sixth was Cao Shuzhenduo, the seventh was Cheng Shuwu, the eighth was Huo Shuchu, the ninth was Kang Shufeng, and the tenth was Ran Jizai. Ran Jizai was the youngest. Among these ten full brothers, only Fa and Dan were virtuous, assisting King Wen on his left and right. Therefore, King Wen passed over Boyikao and named Fa as the crown prince. After King Wen died, Fa ascended to the throne; this was King Wu. Boyikao had already died before that.
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武王已克殷纣，平天下，封功臣昆弟。于是封叔鲜于管，封叔度于蔡：二人相纣子武庚禄父，治殷遗民。封叔旦于鲁而相周，为周公。封叔振铎于曹，封叔武于成，封叔处于霍。康叔封、冉季载皆少，未得封。 |
| | After King Wu had defeated the Yin ruler Zhou and pacified the world, he enfeoffed meritorious ministers and his brothers. Thus, Shuxian was enfeoffed at Guan, and Shudu at Cai. The two brothers assisted Wu Geng Luxu, the son of Zhou, in governing the remnants of the Yin people. Shudan was enfeoffed at Lu and served as regent for the Zhou dynasty, becoming known as the Duke of Zhou. Shuzhenduo was enfeoffed at Cao, Shuwu at Cheng, and Shuchu at Huo. Kangshufeng and Ranjizai were both young and had not yet received enfeoffment.
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武王既崩，成王少，周公旦专王室。管叔、蔡叔疑周公之为不利于成王，乃挟武庚以作乱。周公旦承成王命伐诛武庚，杀管叔，而放蔡叔，迁之，与车十乘，徒七十人从。而分殷馀民为二：其一封微子启于宋，以续殷祀；其一封康叔为卫君，是为卫康叔。封季载于冉。冉季、康叔皆有驯行，于是周公举康叔为周司寇，冉季为周司空，以佐成王治，皆有令名于天下。 |
| | After King Wu died, Crown Prince Cheng was still a child, so Zhou Gong Dan took sole charge of the royal court. Guan Shu and Cai Shu suspected that the Duke of Zhou would be detrimental to Crown Prince Cheng, so they allied with Wu Geng to start a rebellion. Zhou Gong Dan, acting on the orders of King Cheng, led a campaign to punish and kill Wu Geng, executed Guan Shu, and exiled Cai Shu. He banished him, relocating him with ten chariots and seventy attendants following him. The remaining Yin people were divided into two groups: one was enfeoffed to Weizi Qi at Song, in order to continue the ancestral rites of the Yin dynasty; the other group was enfeoffed under Kang Shu as ruler of Wei, and he became known as Duke Kang of Wei. Jizai was enfeoffed at Ran. Ran Ji and Kang Shu both exhibited exemplary conduct. Thus, the Duke of Zhou appointed Kang Shu as Minister of Justice for the Zhou dynasty and Ran Ji as Minister of Works, to assist King Cheng in governance; they both earned great reputations throughout the world.
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蔡叔度既迁而死。其子曰胡，胡乃改行，率德驯善。周公闻之，而举胡以为鲁卿士，鲁国治。于是周公言于成王，复封胡于蔡，以奉蔡叔之祀，是为蔡仲。馀五叔皆就国，无为天子吏者。 |
| | Cai Shudu died after being relocated. His son was named Hu, who reformed his conduct and led with virtue and benevolence. The Duke of Zhou heard about this and appointed Hu as an official in the state of Lu, which then achieved good governance. Thus, the Duke of Zhou spoke to King Cheng on his behalf and reinstated Hu at Cai in order for him to continue the ancestral rites for Cai Shu; this was Pizi Zhong. The remaining five uncles all went to their respective fiefdoms and none served as officials under the Son of Heaven.
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蔡仲卒，子蔡伯荒立。蔡伯荒卒，子宫侯立。宫侯卒，子厉侯立。厉侯卒，子武侯立。武侯之时，周厉王失国，奔彘，共和行政，诸侯多叛周。 |
| | After Pizi Zhong died, his son Cai Bo Huang succeeded him. Cai Bohuang died and was succeeded by his son Gonghou. Gonghou died, and his son Liehou took the throne. Liehou died, and his son Wuhou succeeded him. During the reign of Wuhou, King Li of Zhou lost control of the kingdom and fled to Zhi; the Regency Administration was established, and many feudal lords rebelled against the Zhou dynasty.
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武侯卒，子夷侯立。夷侯十一年，周宣王即位。二十八年，夷侯卒，子厘侯所事立。 |
| | Wuhou died, and his son Yihou took the throne. In the eleventh year of Yihou's reign, King Xuan of Zhou ascended to the throne. In the twenty-eighth year, Yihou died and was succeeded by his son Lihou Suoshi.
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厘侯三十九年，周幽王为犬戎所杀，周室卑而东徙。秦始得列为诸侯。 |
| | In the thirty-ninth year of Lihou's reign, King You of Zhou was killed by the Quanrong, and the royal house declined and moved eastward. The state of Qin first began to be ranked among the feudal lords.
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四十八年，厘侯卒，子共侯兴立。共侯二年卒，子戴侯立。戴侯十年卒，子宣侯措父立。 |
| | In the forty-eighth year, Lihou died and his son Gonghou Xing took the throne. Gonghou died in the second year of his reign; his son Daigong was enthroned. Daigong died in the tenth year of his reign, and his son Xuanhou Cuofu took the throne.
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宣侯二十八年，鲁隐公初立。三十五年，宣侯卒，子桓侯封人立。桓侯三年，鲁弑其君隐公。二十年，桓侯卒，弟哀侯献舞立。 |
| | In the twenty-eighth year of Xuanhou's reign, Crown Prince Yin of Lu first ascended to the throne. In the thirty-fifth year, Xuanhou died and his son Huangong Fengren took the throne. In the third year of Huangong's reign, Lu assassinated its ruler Duke Yin. In the twentieth year, Huangong died and his younger brother Aihou Xianwu took the throne.
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哀侯十一年，初，哀侯娶陈，息侯亦娶陈。息夫人将归，过蔡，蔡侯不敬。息侯怒，请楚文王：“来伐我，我求救于蔡，蔡必来，楚因击之，可以有功。”楚文王从之，虏蔡哀侯以归。哀侯留九岁，死于楚。凡立二十年卒。蔡人立其子肸，是为缪侯。 |
| | In the eleventh year of Aihou's reign, initially, Aihou married a woman from Chen, and Xihou also married a woman from Chen. When the lady of Xi was returning home, she passed through Cai, where Lord Cai did not show her proper respect. Xihou was angry and requested King Wen of Chu: "Come attack me, and I will seek help from Cai. Cai will certainly come to my aid, and then you can strike them unexpectedly; this way we can achieve a victory." King Wen of Chu followed his plan and captured Lord Cai Aihou and brought him back. Aihou remained in captivity for nine years, and died in the state of Chu. He reigned for a total of twenty years before dying. The people of Cai enthroned his son Xi, who became Duke Miu of Cai.
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缪侯以其女弟为齐桓公夫人。十八年，齐桓公与蔡女戏船中，夫人荡舟，桓公止之，不止，公怒，归蔡女而不绝也。蔡侯怒，嫁其弟。齐桓公怒，伐蔡；蔡溃，遂虏缪侯，南至楚邵陵。已而诸侯为蔡谢齐，齐侯归蔡侯。二十九年，缪侯卒，子庄侯甲午立。 |
| | Duke Miu gave his younger sister as a wife to Duke Huan of Qi. In the eighteenth year, Duke Huan of Qi and Lady Cai played on a boat; the lady rocked the boat violently. Duke Huan tried to stop her, but she did not stop, so he became angry, sent her back to Cai, yet did not completely sever relations with them. Lord Cai was furious and married off his younger sister. Duke Huan of Qi became angry and launched a campaign against Cai; Cai's forces collapsed, so Duke Miu was captured. The army advanced as far south as Shaoling in Chu. Later, the feudal lords apologized to Cai on its behalf with Qi, and Duke Huan of Qi returned Lord Cai to him. In the twenty-ninth year, Miu Hou died, and his son Zhuanghou Jiawu took the throne.
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庄侯三年，齐桓公卒。十四年，晋文公败楚于城濮。二十年，楚太子商臣弑其父成王代立。二十五年，秦穆公卒。三十三年，楚庄王即位。三十四年，庄侯卒，子文侯申立。 |
| | In the third year of Zhuanghou's reign, Duke Huan of Qi died. In the fourteenth year, Duke Wen of Jin defeated Chu at Chengpu. In the twentieth year, Crown Prince Shangchen of Chu assassinated his father King Cheng and took the throne in his place. In the twenty-fifth year, Duke Mu of Qin died. In the thirty-third year, King Zhuang of Chu ascended to the throne. In the thirty-fourth year, Zhuanghou died and his son Wenhong Shen took the throne.
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文侯十四年，楚庄王伐陈，杀夏徵舒。十五年，楚围郑，郑降楚，楚复醳之。二十年，文侯卒，子景侯固立。 |
| | In the fourteenth year of Wenhong's reign, King Zhuang of Chu attacked Chen and killed Xia Zhengshu. In the fifteenth year, Chu besieged Zheng; Zheng surrendered to Chu, and Chu released them again. In the twentieth year, Wenhong died, and his son Jinghou Gu took the throne.
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景侯元年，楚庄王卒。四十九年，景侯为太子般娶妇于楚，而景侯通焉。太子弑景侯而自立，是为灵侯。 |
| | In the first year of Jinghou's reign, King Zhuang of chu died. In the forty-ninth year, Jinghou arranged for his heir apparent Ban to marry a woman from Chu, but Jinghou himself had an affair with her. The crown prince assassinated Jinghou and enthroned himself; this was Duke Ling of Cai.
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灵侯二年，楚公子围弑其王郏敖而自立，为灵王。九年，陈司徒招弑其君哀公。楚使公子弃疾灭陈而有之。十二年，楚灵王以灵侯弑其父，诱蔡灵侯于申，伏甲饮之，醉而杀之，刑其士卒七十人。令公子弃疾围蔡。十一月，灭蔡，使弃疾为蔡公。 |
| | In the second year of Duke Ling's reign, Gongzi Wei of Chu assassinated his king Jiaao and enthroned himself as King Ling. In the ninth year, Shitu Zhao of Chen assassinated his ruler Duke Ai. Chu sent Gongzi Qiji to destroy Chen and annexed it. In the twelfth year, King Ling of Chu, because Duke Ling had killed his father, lured Lord Cai Linghou to Shen, where he ambushed him and served a banquet. After getting him drunk, he killed him and executed seventy of his soldiers. He ordered Gongzi Qiji to besiege Cai. In the eleventh month, Chu destroyed Cai and appointed Qiji as Duke of Cai.
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楚灭蔡三岁，楚公子弃疾弑其君灵王代立，为平王。平王乃求蔡景侯少子庐，立之，是为平侯。是年，楚亦复立陈。楚平王初立，欲亲诸侯，故复立陈、蔡后。 |
| | Three years after Chu had destroyed Cai, Gongzi Qiji of Chu assassinated his ruler King Ling and took the throne in place of him, becoming King Ping. King Ping then sought out the youngest son of Jinghou of Cai named Lu and enthroned him; this was Duke Ping of Cai. In that year, Chu also restored Chen to power again. When King Ping of Chu first took the throne, he wished to cultivate good relations with the feudal lords, so he restored the descendants of Chen and Cai.
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平侯九年卒，灵侯般之孙东国攻平侯子而自立，是为悼侯。悼侯父曰隐太子友。隐太子友者，灵侯之太子，平侯立而杀隐太子，故平侯卒而隐太子之子东国攻平侯子而代立，是为悼侯。悼侯三年卒，弟昭侯申立。 |
| | In the ninth year of Duke Ping's reign, he died; Dongguo, a grandson of Duke Ling Ban, attacked the son of Duke Ping and enthroned himself. This was Duke Dao of Cai. Duke Dao's father was Crown Prince Yin You. Yin Taizi You was the crown prince of Duke Ling. When Duke Ping took power, he killed Crown Prince Yin; therefore, after Duke Ping died, Eastguo, the son of Crown Prince Yin, attacked the son of Duke Ping to take over and became Duke Dao. In the third year of Duke Dao's reign, he died, and his younger brother Zhaohou Shen took the throne.
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昭侯十年，朝楚昭王，持美裘二，献其一于昭王而自衣其一。楚相子常欲之，不与。子常谗蔡侯，留之楚三年。蔡侯知之，乃献其裘于子常；子常受之，乃言归蔡侯。蔡侯归而之晋，请与晋伐楚。 |
| | In the tenth year of Zhaohou's reign, he paid homage to King Zhao of Chu and brought two fine furs, presenting one to King Zhao while wearing the other himself. Chu Xiang Zichang wanted it but was not given it. Zichang slandered Lord Cai, and kept him detained in Chu for three years. Lord Cai learned of this, so he presented the fur to Zichang; Zichang accepted it and then spoke in favor of releasing Lord Cai. Lord Cai returned to Jin, requested an alliance with Jin against Chu.
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十三年春，与卫灵公会邵陵。蔡侯私于周苌弘以求长于卫；卫使史言康叔之功德，乃长卫。夏，为晋灭沈，楚怒，攻蔡。蔡昭侯使其子为质于吴，以共伐楚。冬，与吴王阖闾遂破楚入郢。蔡怨子常，子常恐，奔郑。十四年，吴去而楚昭王复国。十六年，楚令尹为其民泣以谋蔡，蔡昭侯惧。二十六年，孔子如蔡。楚昭王伐蔡，蔡恐，告急于吴。吴为蔡远，约迁以自近，易以相救；昭侯私许，不与大夫计。吴人来救蔡，因迁蔡于州来。二十八年，昭侯将朝于吴，大夫恐其复迁，乃令贼利杀昭侯；已而诛贼利以解过，而立昭侯子朔，是为成侯。 |
| | In the spring of the thirteenth year, he met Duke Ling of Wei at Shaoling. Lord Cai secretly approached Zhou Changhong to seek a more favorable position over Wei; Wei sent Shiyan to speak of the virtue and achievements of Duke Kang, thus establishing superiority over Cai. In summer, Jin destroyed Shen; Chu became angry and attacked Cai. Lord Zhaohou of Cai sent his son as a hostage to Wu in order to jointly attack Chu. In winter, together with King Helu of Wu, they broke through the defenses and entered Yingting of Chu. Cai resented Zichang; fearing for his life, Zichang fled to Zheng. In the fourteenth year, Wu withdrew and King Zhao of Chu restored his kingdom. In the sixteenth year, Ling Yin of Chu wept for his people while plotting against Cai, causing Lord Zhaohou to fear. In the twenty-sixth year, Confucius went to Cai. King Zhao of Chu attacked Cai; fearing for its survival, Cai urgently sought help from Wu. Wu was distant to Cai and made an agreement with them to relocate closer together so they could more easily come to each other's aid; Lord Zhaohou secretly agreed, without consulting the officials. When Wu forces came to rescue Cai, they moved the state of Cai to Zhoulai. In the twenty-eighth year, Lord Zhaohou was about to pay a court visit to Wu. The officials feared that he would move Cai again and thus ordered Lili to assassinate Lord Zhaohou; Later, they executed Lili in order to atone for the crime and installed Lord Zhaohou's son Shuo as ruler; he became known as Lord Chenghou.
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成侯四年，宋灭曹。十年，齐田常弑其君简公。十三年，楚灭陈。十九年，成侯卒，子声侯产立。声侯十五年卒，子元侯立。元侯六年卒，子侯齐立。 |
| | In the fourth year of Lord Chenghou, Song destroyed Cao. In the tenth year, Tian Chang of Qi assassinated his ruler King Jian. In the thirteenth year, Chu destroyed Chen. In the nineteenth year, Lord Chenghou died and his son Shenghou Chan was installed as ruler. Lord Shenghou died in the fifteenth year of his reign; his son Yuanhous was installed as ruler. In the sixth year of Lord Yuanhou's reign, he died and his son Hou Qi succeeded him.
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侯齐四年，楚惠王灭蔡，蔡侯齐亡，蔡遂绝祀。后陈灭三十三年。 |
| | In the fourth year of Hou Qi's reign, King Hui of Chu destroyed Cai; Lord Qi of Cai fled and thus the state of Cai was extinguished. It was thirty-three years after Chen had been destroyed.
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伯邑考，其后不知所封。武王发，其后为周，有本纪言。管叔鲜作乱诛死，无后。周公旦，其后为鲁，有世家言。蔡叔度，其后为蔡，有世家言。曹叔振铎，有后为曹，有世家言。成叔武，其后世无所见。霍叔处，其后晋献公时灭霍。康叔封，其后为卫，有世家言。冉季载，其后世无所见。 |
| | Bo Yikao, the descendants of whom are unknown as to where they were granted fiefs. King Wu Fa; his descendants became rulers of Zhou, and their history is recorded in the annals. Guan Shuxian rebelled and was executed; he had no descendants. Duke Gong Dan, whose descendants became the rulers of Lu, with their history recorded in a genealogical biography. Cai Shudu; his descendants ruled Cai, and their lineage is recorded in a genealogical account. Duke Zhen Duo of the Cao clan had descendants who ruled Cao; their history is documented in a genealogical record. Cheng Shu Wu, no records of his descendants are found. Huo Shuchu; during the reign of King Xian of Jin, the state of Huo was destroyed by Jin. Kang Shufeng; his descendants ruled Wei, and their history is included in a genealogical biography. Ran Jizai; no records of his descendants exist.
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太史公曰：管蔡作乱，无足载者。然周武王崩，成王少，天下既疑，赖同母之弟成叔、冉季之属十人为辅拂，是以诸侯卒宗周，故附之世家言。 |
| | Grand Historian said: The rebellion by Guan and Cai is not worth recording. However, after King Wu of Zhou died and King Cheng was still young, the world was in doubt. It was due to ten men such as Cheng Shu and Ran Ji, who were his maternal uncles, serving as advisors and assistants that the feudal lords ultimately remained loyal to the Zhou dynasty; therefore, their lineage is included in the genealogical records.
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曹叔振铎者，周武王弟也。武王已克殷纣，封叔振铎于曹。 |
| | Duke Zhen Dua of Cao was a younger brother of King Wu of Zhhou. After King Wu had defeated Yin Zhou, he enfeoffed his uncle Zhen Dua at Cao.
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叔振铎卒，子太伯脾立。太伯卒，子仲君平立。仲君平卒，子宫伯侯立。宫伯侯卒，子孝伯云立。孝伯云卒，子夷伯喜立。 |
| | After Duke Zhen Dua died, his son Taibo Pi succeeded him as ruler. After Lord Taibo died, his son Zhongjun Ping was installed as ruler. After Lord Zhongjun Ping died, his son Gongbo Hou succeeded him. After Lord Gongbo Hou died, his son Xiaobo Yun was installed as ruler. After Lord Xiaobo Yun died, his son Yibo Xi succeeded him.
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夷伯二十三年，周厉王奔于彘。 |
| | In the twenty-third year of Yibo's reign, King Li of Zhou fled to Zhi.
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三十年卒，弟幽伯强立。幽伯九年，弟苏杀幽伯代立，是为戴伯。戴伯元年，周宣王已立三岁。三十年，戴伯卒，子惠伯兕立。 |
| | He died in the thirtieth year; his younger brother Youbo Qiang was installed as ruler. In the ninth year of Youbo's reign, his younger brother Su killed Youbo and took over as ruler; he became known as Daibo. In the first year of Daibo's reign, King Xuan of Zhou had already ruled for three years. In the thirtieth year, Daibo died and his son Huibo Si was installed as ruler.
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惠伯二十五年，周幽王为犬戎所杀，因东徙，益卑，诸侯畔之。秦始列为诸侯。 |
| | In the twenty-fifth year of Huibo's reign, King You of Zhou was killed by Quanrong. As a result, the capital moved eastward, its status declined further, and feudal lords rebelled against it. Qi began to be listed among the feudal states.
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三十六，惠伯卒，子石甫立，其弟武杀之代立，是为缪公。缪公三年卒，子桓公终生立。 |
| | In the thirty-sixth year, Huibo died and his son Shipu was installed as ruler; however, his younger brother Wu killed him and took over, becoming known as Duke Mu. In the third year of Duke Mu's reign, he died, and his son Duke Huan Zhongsheng was installed as ruler.
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桓公三十五年，鲁隐公立。四十五年，鲁弑其君隐公。四十六年，宋华父督弑其君殇公，及孔父。五十五年，桓公卒，子庄公夕姑立。 |
| | In the thirty-fifth year of Duke Huan's reign, Lord Yin of Lu ascended to the throne. In the forty-fifth year, Lu assassinated its ruler, Lord Yin. In the forty-sixth year, Hua Fu Du of Song assassinated his ruler Yanggong and also killed Kongfu. In the fifty-fifth year, Duke Huan died; his son Zhuanggong Xigu was installed as ruler.
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庄公二十三年，齐桓公始霸。 |
| | In the twenty-third year of Zhuanggong's reign, Duke Huan of Qi began to dominate as a hegemon.
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三十一年，庄公卒，子厘公夷立。厘公九年卒，子昭公班立。昭公六年，齐桓公败蔡，遂至楚召陵。九年，昭公卒，子共公襄立。 |
| | In the thirty-first year, Zhuanggong died and his son Ligu Yi was installed as ruler. Ligu died in the ninth year of his reign; his son Zhaogong Ban succeeded him. In the sixth year of Zhaogong's reign, Duke Huan defeated Cai and proceeded to Chao Ling in Chu. In the ninth year, Zhaogong died; his son Gonggong Xiang was installed as ruler.
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共公十六年，初，晋公子重耳其亡过曹，曹君无礼，欲观其骈胁。厘负羁谏，不听，私善于重耳。二十一年，晋文公重耳伐曹，虏共公以归，令军毋入厘负羁之宗族闾。或说晋文公曰：“昔齐桓公会诸侯，复异姓；今君囚曹君，灭同姓，何以令于诸侯？”晋乃复归共公。 |
| | In the sixteenth year of Gonggong's reign, originally, when Prince Chonger of Jin was in exile and passed through Cao, Duke Cao treated him with disrespect, wishing to examine his pectoral muscles. Li Fui advised against this, but the duke did not listen; however, he privately treated Chonger kindly. In the twenty-first year, Duke Wen of Jin, Chonger, attacked Cao and captured Gonggong, taking him back to Jin. He ordered his troops not to enter the neighborhood where Li Fui's family lived. Someone advised Duke Wen of Jin: "In the past, Duke Huan of Qi convened feudal lords and restored states ruled by non-royal clans; now you imprison Duke Cao and destroy a state with the same surname, how can you command respect among feudal lords?" Jin then returned Gonggong to him.
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二十五年，晋文公卒。三十五年，共公卒，子文公寿立。文公二十三年卒，子宣公强立。宣公十七年卒，弟成公负刍立。 |
| | In the twenty-fifth year, Duke Wen of Jin died. In the thirty-fifth year, Gonggong died; his son Wengong Shou was installed as ruler. In the twenty-third year of Wengong's reign, he died; his son Xuangong Qiang was installed as ruler. In the seventeenth year of Xuangong's reign, he died. His younger brother Chenggong Fuchu was installed as ruler.
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成公三年，晋厉公伐曹，虏成公以归，已复释之。五年，晋栾书、中行偃使程滑弑其君厉公。二十三年，成公卒，子武公胜立。武公二十六年，楚公子弃疾弑其君灵王代立。二十七年，武公卒，子平公（顷）［须］立。平公四年卒，子悼公午立。是岁，宋、卫、陈、郑皆火。 |
| | In the third year of Chenggong's reign, King Li of Jin attacked Cao and captured Chenggong, taking him to Jin; later he was released. In the fifth year, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan of Jin sent Cheng Hua to assassinate their ruler King Li. In the twenty-third year, Chenggong died; his son Wu Gong Sheng was installed as ruler. In the twenty-sixth year of Wu Gong's reign, Prince Qi Ji of Chu assassinated his ruler King Ling and took over. In the twenty-seventh year, Wu Gong died; his son Pinggong (Qing) [Xu] was installed as ruler. In the fourth year of Pinggong's reign, he died and was succeeded by his son Dougong Wu. In this year, Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng all experienced fires.
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悼公八年，宋景公立。九年，悼公朝于宋，宋囚之；曹立其弟野，是为声公。悼公死于宋，归葬。 |
| | In the eighth year of Dougong's reign, King Jing of Song ascended to the throne. In the ninth year, Dougong paid homage to Song, but he was imprisoned by Song; Cao installed his younger brother Ye as ruler; he became known as Shenggong. Dougong died in Song and was returned for burial.
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声公五年，平公弟通弑声公代立，是为隐公。隐公四年，声公弟露弑隐公代立，是为靖公。靖公四年卒，子伯阳立。 |
| | In the fifth year of Shenggong's reign, Tong, the younger brother of Pinggong, assassinated Shenggong and took over as ruler; he was known as Yingong. In the fourth year of Yingong's reign, Lu, Shenggong's younger brother, assassinated Yingong and took over as ruler. He became known as Jinggong. In the fourth year of Jinggong's reign, he died; and his son Boyang was installed as ruler.
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伯阳三年，国人有梦众君子立于社宫，谋欲亡曹；曹叔振铎止之，请待公孙强，许之。旦，求之曹，无此人。梦者戒其子曰：“我亡，尔闻公孙强为政，必去曹，无离曹祸。”及伯阳即位，好田弋之事。六年，曹野人公孙强亦好田弋，获白雁而献之，且言田弋之说，因访政事。伯阳大说之，有宠，使为司城以听政。梦者之子乃亡去。 |
| | In the third year of Boyang's reign, a citizen had a dream in which many virtuous men stood at Shegong Temple and plotted to destroy Cao; Duke Zhen Dua stopped them, requesting that they wait for Gongsun Qiang, who was granted permission. The next day, he searched in Cao but found no such person. The dreamer warned his son, "After I die, if you hear that Gongsun Qiang is in power, be sure to leave Cao and avoid the disaster of Cao." When Boyang ascended the throne, he took great interest in hunting with bows and arrows. In the sixth year, a commoner from Cao named Gongsun Qiang also enjoyed hunting with bows and arrows; he once caught a white goose and presented it to Boyang, while discussing techniques of archery and hunting. He thus inquired about political affairs. Boyang was greatly pleased with him and favored him highly; he appointed Gongsun Qiang as Shicheng to oversee state affairs. The son of the dreamer then fled away.
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公孙强言霸说于曹伯。十四年，曹伯从之，乃背晋干宋。宋景公伐之，晋人不救。十五年，宋灭曹，执曹伯阳及公孙强以归而杀之。曹遂绝其祀。 |
| | Gongsun Qiang presented his theories on hegemony to Duke Boyang of Cao. In the fourteenth year, Duke Boyang followed Gongsun Qiang's advice and thus defected from Jin to seek favor with Song. King Jing of Song attacked Cao; the people of Jin did not come to its rescue. In the fifteenth year, Song destroyed Cao and captured Duke Boyang and Gongsun Qiang to be executed. Thus, the state of Cao was extinguished and its ancestral worship ceased.
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太史公曰：余寻曹共公之不用僖负羁，乃乘轩者三百人，知唯德之不建。及振铎之梦，岂不欲引曹之祀者哉？如公孙强不修厥政，叔铎之祀忽诸。 |
| | Grand Historian said: I have examined the case of Duke Gonggong of Cao, who did not employ Xi Fui. At that time, there were three hundred men riding in decorated carriages; this shows that he understood nothing but failed to cultivate virtue. And yet, was it not the dream of Zhen Dua who wished to preserve the ancestral rites of Cao? If Gongsun Qiang had not reformed governance, the ancestral worship of Shu Dua would have been suddenly extinguished.
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