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泗水出魯卞縣北山， |
| | The Si Shui River originates from the northern mountains of Lu Bian Xian.
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《地理志》曰：出濟陰乘氏縣。又云：出卞縣北。《經》言北山，皆為非矣。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Zhi" states: It originates from Chengshi Xian, Ji Yin. It also says: It originates north of Bian Xian. The "Jing" mentions the northern mountains, all of which are incorrect.
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《山海經》曰：泗水出魯東北。余昔因公事，沿歷徐、沇，路逕洙、泗，因令尋其源流。水出卞縣故城東南，桃墟西北。《春秋·昭公七年》，謝息納季孫之言，以孟氏成邑與晉而遷于桃。杜預曰：魯國卞縣東南有桃墟，世謂之曰陶墟，舜所陶處也。井曰舜井，皆為非矣。墟有漏澤，方十五里，渌水澂渟，三丈如減，澤西際阜，俗謂之嬀亭山，蓋有陶墟、舜井之言，因復有嬀亭之名矣。阜側有三石穴，廣圓三四尺，穴有通否，水有盈漏，漏則數夕之中，傾陂竭澤矣。左右民居，識其將漏，預以木為曲洑，約障穴口，魚鼈暴鱗，不可勝載矣。自此連岡通阜，西北四十許里。岡之西際，便得泗水之源也。 |
| | The "Shan Hai Jing" says: The Si Shui River originates northeast of Lu. In the past, I was on official business and traveled along Xu and Yan, passing through Zhū and Si; therefore, I ordered an investigation into its source and flow. The river originates to the southeast of the old city of Bian Xian and to the northwest of Taoxu. In the seventh year of Duke Zhao's reign of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Xie Xi accepted Ji Sun's advice and gave Cheng Yi to the Jin state in exchange for relocating to Tao. Du Yu said: To the southeast of Bian Xian, Lu Guo, there is Taoxu; it has been called Taoxu by later generations and was where Shun once worked with clay. The well is called Shun's Well, but this is also incorrect. The site has a marshy area with seepage, measuring fifteen li in each direction. The clear water is still and deep; three zhang of depth seems to decrease. To the west of the marsh lies a hill, commonly called Gui Ting Shan. Presumably because there are references to Taoxu and Shun's Well, this name "Gui Ting" has also arisen. On the side of the hill there are three stone caves, each about three or four chi in width and roundness. Whether these caves are connected or not determines whether water accumulates or seeps out; when leakage occurs, within several nights, the pond dries up and the marsh is exhausted. ล The local residents on both sides are aware of when leakage is about to occur, and in advance they construct curved wooden barriers to block the cave entrances; as a result, fish and turtles with exposed scales can no longer be counted. From here, connected hills extend through the elevated land for about forty li to the northwest. To the west of these hills is where one finds the source of the Si Shui River.
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《博物志》曰：泗出陪尾。蓋斯阜者矣。石穴吐水，五泉俱導，泉穴各徑尺餘，水源南側有一廟，栝柏成林，時人謂之原泉祠，非所究也。泗水西逕其縣故城南，《春秋·襄公二十九年》，季武子取卞，曰：聞守卞者將叛，臣率徒以討之是也。南有姑蔑城，《春秋·隱公元年》，公及邾儀父盟于蔑者也。水出二邑之間，西逕郚城北，《春秋·文公七年》，《經》書公伐邾。三月甲戌取須句，遂城郚。杜預曰：魯邑也。卞縣南有郚城，備邾難也。泗水自卞而會于洙水也。 |
| | The "Wu Wu Zhi" says: The Si Shui originates from Peiwei. This must be referring to this elevated land. Stone caves emit water, with five springs all flowing out. Each spring's cave is more than one chi in diameter. On the southern side of the water source there stands a temple, where gugui and bai trees form a forest; people at that time called it Yuanquan Temple, but this name does not require further investigation. The Si Shui flows westward past the southern side of its old county city. In the twenty-ninth year of Duke Xiang's reign in the Spring and Autumn Annals, Ji Wuzi captured Bian, saying: "I heard that those guarding Bian were about to rebel; I led my men to punish them"—this is what he meant. To the south lies Gu Mie Cheng. This was where, in the first year of Duke Yin's reign in the Spring and autumn Annals, the ruler allied with Zhu Yifu at Mie. The river flows between two counties and then passes north of Wu Cheng to the west; in the seventh year of Duke Wen's reign, the "Jing" records that the ruler attacked Zhu. On the Jia Xu day of the third month, Xuju was captured and Wu Cheng was then built. Du Yu said: It is a fiefdom of Lu Guo. To the south of Bian Xian lies Wu Cheng, built to defend against Zhu's threat. The Si Shui converges with the Zhu Shui from Bian.
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西南過魯縣北， |
| | It flows southwest past the northern side of Lu Xian,
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泗水又西南流，逕魯縣分為二流，水側有一城，為二水之分會也，北為洙瀆。《春秋·莊公九年，《經》書，冬，浚洙。京相璠、服虔、杜預，竝言洙水在魯城北，浚深之為齊備也。南則泗水。夫子教于洙、泗之間，今于城北二水之中，即夫子領徒之所也。 |
| | The Si Shui then flows southwest and passes through Lu Xian, dividing into two streams. Alongside the water lies a city that marks where these two streams diverge and converge; the northern stream is called Zhu Du. In the ninth year of Duke Zhuang's reign, according to the "Jing," it was recorded: In winter, the Zhu stream was dredged. Jing Xiangpan, Fu Qian, and Du Yu all stated that the Zhu Shui is located north of Lu Cheng; it was deepened in preparation for Qi. The southern stream is the Si Shui. Confucius taught between the Zhu and Si rivers; today, within these two streams to the north of the city is where Confucius led his disciples.
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《從征記》曰：洙、泗二水交于魯城東北十七里，闕里背洙面泗，南北百二十步，東西六十步，四門各有石閫，北門去洙百步餘。後漢初，闕里荊棘自闢，從講堂至九里。鮑永為相，因脩饗祠，以誅魯賊彭豐等。郭緣生言：泗水在城南，非也。余按《國語》，宣公夏濫于泗淵，里革斷罟棄之。韋昭曰：泗在魯城北。《史記》、《冢記》、王隱《地道記》，咸言葬孔子于魯城北泗水上，今泗水南有夫子冢。 |
| | The "Cong Zheng Ji" says: The Zhu and Si rivers converge seventeen li northeast of Lu Cheng. Qulǐ faces the Si Shui with its back to the Zhu Shui, measuring 120 bu from north to south and 60 bu from east to west. Each of the four gates has a stone gate; the northern gate is more than 100 bu away from the Zhu Shui. In the early Later Han dynasty, brambles in Quli cleared themselves naturally, stretching from the lecture hall to Jiulǐ. Bao Yong served as xiang and thus repaired the ancestral temple for sacrificial rites, executing Lu 贼 Peng Feng and others. Guo Yuansheng said: The Si Shui is to the south of the city; this is incorrect. I have examined the "Guo Yu," which states that in the summer of Duke Xuan's reign, excessive fishing took place at Si Yuan, and Li Ge cut up the nets and discarded them. Wei Zhao said: The Si Shui is north of Lu Cheng. The "Shi Ji," the "Zhong Ji," and Wang Yin's "Di Dao Ji" all state that Confucius was buried north of Lu Cheng on the Si Shui; today, there is a tomb of Master Kong to the south of the Si Shui.
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《春秋孔演圖》曰：鳥化為書，孔子奉以告天，赤爵銜書，上化為黃玉。刻曰：孔提命，作應法，為赤制。 |
| | The "Chun Qiu Kong Yan Tu" says: A bird transformed into a scroll, which Confucius presented to heaven; a red jiao bird carried the scroll and it transformed above into yellow jade. It was inscribed: Kong Timing, created the corresponding law, for the crimson system.
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《說題辭》曰：孔子卒，以所受黃玉葬魯城北，即子貢廬墓處也。譙周云：孔子死後，魯人就冢次而居者，百有餘家，命曰孔里。 |
| | The "Shuo Ti Ci" says: After Confucius died, the yellow jade he had received was buried north of Lu Cheng, which is where Zi Gong built a hut to mourn him. Qiao Zhou said: After Confucius's death, more than a hundred families in Lu Guo settled near his tomb and named the place Kong Li.
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《孔叢》曰：夫子墓塋方一里，在魯城北六里泗水上，諸孔氏封五十餘所，人名昭穆，不可復識，有銘碑三所，獸碣具存。 |
| | The "Kong Cong" says: The tomb of the Master is square, covering one li, located six li north of Lu Cheng on the banks of the Si Shui. More than fifty burial sites of the Kong family are marked; names and genealogical order are clear but no longer fully identifiable. There are three memorial steles remaining, with stone tablets and animal-shaped markers intact.
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《皇覽》曰：弟子各以四方奇木來植，故多諸異樹，不生棘木刺草。今則無復遺條矣。泗水自城北南逕魯城，西南合沂水。沂水出魯城東南尼丘山西北，山即顏母所祈而生孔子也。山東十里有顏母廟，山南數里，孔子父葬處。《禮》所謂防墓崩者也。平地發泉，流逕魯縣故城南，水北東門外，即爰居所止處也。 |
| | The "Huang Lan" says: The disciples each brought rare trees from the four directions to plant, so there are many unusual kinds of trees here; thorny bushes and prickly grass do not grow. Nowadays, no traces remain. The Si Shui flows from north of the city through Lu Cheng to the south and then merges with the Yi Shui in the southwest. The Yi Shui originates from northwest of Ni Qiu Shan, southeast of Lu Cheng; this mountain is where Yan Mu prayed for the birth of Confucius. Ten li east of the mountain lies the temple of Yan Mu, and several li south of the mountain is where Kong Fu, Confucius's father, was buried. This is what is referred to in the "Li" as a collapsed tomb at Fang. The spring rises from level ground and flows past the southern side of Lu Xian's old city. Outside the northern gate to the east, this is where Yuan Ju once stayed.
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《國語》曰：海鳥曰爰居，止于魯城東門之外三日，臧文仲祭之，展禽譏焉。 |
| | The "Guo Yu" says: A sea bird named Yuan Ju stayed for three days outside the eastern gate of Lu Cheng. Zang Wen Zhong sacrificed to it, and Zhan Qin criticized him for this.
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故《莊子》曰：海鳥止郊，魯侯觴之，奏以廣樂，具以太牢，三日而死，此養非所養矣。門郭之外，亦戎夷死處，《呂氏春秋》曰：昔戎夷違齊如魯，天大寒而後門，與弟子宿于郭門外，寒愈甚，謂弟子曰：子與我衣，我活；我與子衣，子活。我國士也，為天下惜，子不肖人，不足愛。弟子曰：不肖人惡能與國士并衣哉？戎歎曰：不濟夫。解衣與弟子，半夜而死。沂水北對稷門，昔圉人牽有力，能投蓋于此門。服虔曰：能投千鈞之重，過門之上也。杜預謂走接屋之桷，反覆門上也。《春秋·僖公二十年》，《經》書：春，新作南門。 |
| | Therefore, the "Zhuang Zi" says: A sea bird landed in the suburbs; Duke Lu offered it a toast, played grand music for it, and provided lavish sacrificial offerings. After three days, it died—this was not proper care at all. Outside the city gate was also where Rong Yi died. The "Lü Shi Chun Qiu" says: In ancient times, Rong Yi left Qi and went to Lu; when it became bitterly cold, he arrived at the city gates late and spent the night with his disciples outside the outer gate of the city. As the cold worsened, he told his disciple, "Give me your clothes, and I will live." "Give me your clothes, I will live; give you my clothes, you will live." "I am a scholar of our state and should be cherished for the sake of the world. You are an unworthy person and not worth sparing." The disciple said: "How could an unworthy man share clothes with a national scholar?" Rong sighed and said, "He is of no help." He took off his clothes and gave them to the disciple, then died in the middle of the night. To the north across from Ji Men lies the Yi Shui; long ago, Yu Ren Qian Youli was strong enough to throw a cover onto this gate. Fu Qian said: He could hurl an object weighing one qian jun over the top of the gate. Du Yu believed he was able to throw roof rafters from building to building, flipping them onto the gate above. In the twentieth year of Duke Xi's reign in the "Chun Qiu," the "Jing" records: In spring, a new southern gate was built.
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《左傳》曰：書不時也。杜預曰：本名稷門，僖公更高大之，今猶不與諸門同，改名高門也。其遺基猶在地八丈餘矣，亦曰雩門。《春秋左傳·莊公十年》，公子偃請擊宋師，竊從雩門蒙臯比而出者也。門南隔水，有雩壇，壇高三丈，曾點所欲風舞處也。高門一里餘道西，有《道兒君碑》，是魯相陳君立。昔曾參居此，梟不入郭。縣，即曲阜之地，少昊之墟，有大庭氏之庫，《春秋》豎牛之所攻也。 |
| | The "Zuo Zhuan" says: This is recorded because it did not follow proper timing. Du Yu said: Originally named Ji Men, Duke Xi raised and enlarged it; even now, it still differs from the other gates, so its name was changed to Gao Men. Its remains are still visible on the ground for more than eight zhang; it is also called Yu Men. In the tenth year of Duke Zhuang's reign in "Zuo Zhuan," Gong Zi Yan requested to attack the Song army; this was when he secretly left through Yu Men, disguised as Meng Gao Bi. To the south of the gate across the water lies Yu Tan; the altar is three zhang high, where Zeng Dian wished to dance in the wind. More than one li west along the road from Gao Men is the "Dao Er Jun Bei," which was erected by Chen Jun, the xiang of Lu. In ancient times, Zeng Can lived here; jackals did not enter the city walls. This xian is the land of Qu Fu, the ruins of Shaohao, and home to the Da Ting Shi granary; it was also where Shu Niu attacked as recorded in the "Chun Qiu."
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故劉公幹《魯都賦》曰：戢武器于有炎之庫，放戎馬于巨野之坰。周武王封姬旦于曲阜，曰魯。秦始皇二十三年，以為薛郡，漢高后元年，為魯國。阜上有季氏宅，宅有武子臺，今雖崩夷，猶高數丈。臺西百步有大井，廣三丈，深十餘丈，以石壘之，石似磬制。《春秋·定公十二年》，公山不狃帥費人攻魯，公入季氏之宮，登武子之臺也。臺之西北二里有周公臺，高五丈，周五十步，臺南四里許則孔廟，即夫子之故宅也。宅大一頃，所居之堂，後世以為廟。漢高祖十三年過魯，以太牢祀孔子。自秦燒《詩》、《書》，經典淪缺，漢武帝時魯恭王壞孔子舊宅，得《尚書》、《春秋》、《論語》、《孝經》。時人已不復知有古文，謂之科斗書，漢世秘之，希有見者。于時聞堂上有金石絲竹之音，乃不壞。廟屋三間，夫子在西間，東向；顏母在中間，南面；夫人隔東一間，東向。夫人牀前有石硯一枚，作甚朴，云平生時物也。魯人藏孔子所乘車于廟中，是顏路所請者也。獻帝時，廟遇火燒之。永平中，鍾離意為魯相，到官，出私錢萬三千文，付戶曹孔訢，治夫子車，身入廟，拭几席、劍履。男子張伯除堂下草，土中得玉璧七枚，伯懷其一，以六枚白意。意令主簿安置几前。孔子寢堂牀首有懸甕，意召孔訢問：何等甕也？對曰：夫子甕也，背有丹書，人勿敢發也。意曰：夫子聖人，所以遺甕，欲以懸示後賢耳。發之，中得素書。文曰：後世脩吾書，董仲舒；護吾車、拭吾履、發吾笥，會稽鍾離意；璧有七，張伯藏其一。意即召問伯，果服焉。魏黃初元年，文帝令郡國脩起孔子舊廟，置百石吏卒，廟有夫子像，列二弟子，執卷立侍，穆穆有詢仰之容。漢魏以來，廟列七碑，二碑無字，栝柏猶茂。廟之西北二里，有顏母廟，廟像猶嚴，有脩栝五株。孔廟東南五百步，有雙石闕，即靈光之南闕，北百餘步即靈光殿基，東西二十四丈，南北十二丈，高丈餘，東西廊廡別舍，中間方七百餘步，闕之東北有浴池，方四十許步，池中有釣臺，方十步，臺之基岸，悉石也，遺基尚整。 |
| | Therefore, Liu Gonggan's "Lu Du Fu" says: Store weapons in the granary of Youyan and release warhorses into the fields of Ju Ye. King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed Ji Dan at Qu Fu, naming it Lu. In the twenty-third year of Qin Shi Huang's reign, it was established as Xue Jun; in the first year of Empress Dowager Gao of Han, it became Lu Guo. On this elevated land stands Ji Shi's former residence; within the residence was Wu Zi Tai. Though it has now collapsed and eroded, it is still several zhang high. One hundred bu west of the terrace lies a large well, three zhang wide and more than ten zhang deep. It is lined with stone, and the stones resemble those used for qing instruments. In the twelfth year of Duke Ding's reign in "Chun Qiu," Gong Shan Bu Niu led people from Fei to attack Lu, and the ruler entered Ji Shi's palace and climbed Wu Zi Tai. Two li northwest of the terrace is Zhou Gong Tai, five zhang high and fifty bu in circumference. About four li south of this terrace lies Kong Miao, which was Confucius's former residence. The house covered an area of one qing; the hall where he lived was later converted into a temple by future generations. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign, when passing through Lu, he sacrificed to Confucius with grand offerings. After the Qin dynasty burned the "Shi" and "Shu," classical texts were lost or damaged. During Emperor Wu of Han's reign, Lu Gong Wang destroyed Confucius's old house and discovered the "Shang Shu," "Chun Qiu," "Lun Yu," and "Xiao Jing." At that time, people no longer knew of ancient script; they called it 蝌蚪书 (koudou shu). It was kept secret during the Han dynasty and rarely seen. At that time, a sound of metal, stone, silk, and bamboo instruments was heard in the hall; thus, it was not destroyed. The temple had three rooms: Confucius was enshrined in the western room facing east; Yan Mu was placed in the central room, facing south; The Lady was enshrined one room to the east of that, also facing east. Before the Lady's bed is a stone inkstone; it is very plain in appearance and said to be an object from her lifetime. The people of Lu kept the carriage Confucius rode in within the temple; this was the one requested by Yan Lu. During Emperor Xian's reign, a fire broke out and destroyed part of the temple. During the Yongping period, Zhong Li Yi served as xiang of Lu; upon assuming office, he spent 13,000 private coins and gave them to Kong Xin of the Hu Cao department to repair Confucius's carriage. He personally entered the temple to wipe the desks, seats, swords, and shoes. A man named Zhang Bo removed weeds from beneath the hall when he found seven jade bi discs in the soil. Bo kept one for himself and reported six of them to Zhong Li Yi. Zhong Li Yi ordered the chief clerk to place them before the desk. Above the head of Confucius's bed in his sleeping hall hung a jar; Zhong Li Yi summoned Kong Xin and asked, "What kind of jar is this?" Kong Xin replied: It is the Master's jar; there are red inscriptions on its back, and no one dares to open it. Zhong Li Yi said: The Master was a sage; therefore, he left this jar behind, intending to hang it as an example for future virtuous people. He opened the jar and found within it a white scroll. The text read: "In later generations, those who will study my writings are Dong Zhongshu; those who will protect my carriage, wipe my shoes, and open my bamboo chest shall be Zhong Li Yi of Kuaiji." There were seven jade discs; Zhang Bo concealed one for himself. Zhong Li Yi immediately summoned and questioned Bo, who indeed confessed. In the first year of Huangchu under the Wei dynasty, Emperor Wen ordered all commanderies and states to repair Confucius's former temple and assigned officials and soldiers with a rank of one boshi. The temple housed an image of Master Kong; two disciples were depicted holding scrolls standing in attendance, their expressions solemn and reverent. Since the Han and Wei dynasties, seven steles have been placed in the temple; two of them are without inscriptions, while the Chinese thuja trees remain luxuriant. Two li northwest of the temple is the shrine of Yan Mu; the image there remains solemn, and five Chinese thuja trees are still being maintained. Five hundred bu to the southeast of the Confucius temple are two stone gate towers, which are the southern gate towers of Lingguang. More than one hundred bu north of them is the foundation of the Lingguang Hall; it measures twenty-four zhang from east to west and twelve zhang from north to south, with a height of more than one zhang. The eastern and western corridors and side rooms are distinct. In between lies an area measuring over seven hundred bu square. Northeast of the gate towers is a bathing pool, about forty bu in each direction; within the pool stands a fishing platform, ten bu square. The base and banks of the platform are entirely made of stone, and its remaining foundation remains intact.
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故王延壽《賦》曰：周行數里，仰不見日者也。是漢景帝程姬子魯恭王之所造也。殿之東南，即泮宮也，在高門直北道西，宮中有臺，高八十尺，臺南水東西百步，南北六十步，臺西水南北四百步，東西六十步，臺池咸結石為之，《詩》所謂思樂泮水也。沂水又西逕圜丘北，丘高四丈餘。沂水又西流，昔韓雉射龍于斯水之上。 |
| | Therefore, Wang Yanshou's Fu says: "Walking around for several li, one cannot see the sun above." This was built by Lu Gongwang, son of Emperor Jingdi of Han and Cheng Ji. To the southeast of the hall is Pan Gong. It lies to the west of the straight northern road from Gaomen. Within the palace there is a platform, eighty chi high. To the south of the platform flows water stretching east-west for one hundred bu and north-south for sixty bu; to the west of the platform, water flows north-south for four hundred bu and east-west for sixty bu. The pools and platforms are all constructed with stone. This is what the "Shi Jing" refers to as "Sile Pan Shui." The Yi Shui River then flows west past the Yuan Qiu to its north; the hill is more than four zhang high. The Yi Shui continues flowing westward; long ago, Han Zhi shot a dragon on this river.
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《尸子》曰：韓雉見申羊于魯，有龍飲于沂。韓雉曰：吾聞之，出見虎搏之，見龍射之，今弗射，是不得行吾聞也。遂射之。沂水又西，右注泗水也。 |
| | "The Shi Zi" says: "Han Zhi met Shen Yang in Lu; there was a dragon drinking from the Yi Shui." Han Zhi said: "I have heard that when one sees a tiger, he should fight it; when one sees a dragon, he should shoot it. If I do not shoot now, then my hearing will be in vain." He thus shot at it. The Yi Shui then flows westward again, and on its right side merges into the Si Shui.
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| | 泗水: |
又西過瑕丘縣東，屈從縣東南流，漷水從東來注之。 |
| | It continues flowing west past the east of Xia Qiu Xian, bends southward from the eastern part of the county, and receives the Hua Shui River coming from the east.
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| | 泗水: |
瑕丘，魯邑，《春秋》之負瑕矣。哀公七年，季康子伐邾，囚諸負瑕是也。應劭曰：瑕丘在縣西南。昔衛大夫公叔文子升于瑕丘，蘧伯玉從。文子曰：樂哉斯丘，死則我欲葬焉。伯玉曰：吾子樂之，則瑗請前。刺其欲害民良田也。瑕丘之名，蓋因斯以表稱矣。曾子弔諸負夏，鄭玄、皇甫謐竝言衛地。魯、衛雖殊，土則一也。漷水出東海合鄉縣，漢安帝永初七年，封馬光子朗為侯國。其水西南流入邾。《春秋·哀公二年》，季孫斯伐邾取漷東田及沂西田是也。漷水又逕魯國鄒山東南而西南流，《春秋左傳》所謂嶧山也。邾文公之所遷。今城在鄒山之陽，依巖阻以墉固，故邾婁之國，曹姓也，叔梁紇之邑也，孔子生于此。後乃縣之，因鄒山之名以氏縣也，王莽之鄒亭矣。京相璠曰：《地理志》，嶧山在鄒縣北，繹邑之所依以為名也。山東西二十里，高秀獨出，積石相臨，殆無土壤，石間多孔穴，洞達相通，往往有如數間屋處，其俗謂之「嶧孔」，遭亂輒將家入嶧，外寇雖衆，無所施害。晉永嘉中，太尉郗鑒將鄉曲保此山，胡賊攻守不能得。今山南有大嶧，名曰郗公嶧，山北有絶巖。秦始皇觀禮于魯，登于嶧山之上，命丞相李斯以大篆勒銘山嶺，名曰書門，《詩》所謂保有鳧嶧者也。漷水又西南逕蕃縣故城南，又西逕薛縣故城北，《地理志》曰：夏車正奚仲之國也。《竹書紀年》梁惠成王三十一年，邳遷于薛，改名徐州。城南山上有奚仲冢。 |
| | Xia Qiu was a fief of Lu; it is what is referred to as Fu Xia in the "Chunqiu." In the seventh year of Gao Gong's reign, Ji Kangzi attacked Zhu and imprisoned them at Fu Xia. Ying Shao said: "Xia Qiu is located in the southwest part of the county." In ancient times, Wei Da Fu Gongshu Wenzhi ascended Xia Qiu Hill, and Qu Boyu followed him. Wenzi said: "How joyful this hill is; when I die, I wish to be buried here." Boyu said: "If you take pleasure in it, then Yuan would request to go ahead and prepare the site for burial." This was a satire on his desire to harm the good farmland of the people. The name Xia Qiu, it is said, originated from this and became renowned as such. Zengzi mourned at Fu Xia; Zheng Xuan and Huangfu Mi both stated it was in the territory of Wei. Although Lu and Wei were different states, their territories were contiguous. The Hua Shui originates from Donghai Hexiang Xian; in the seventh year of Yongchu under Emperor An of Han, Ma Guang's son Lang was enfeoffed as marquis here. The river flows southwest into Zhu. This is the "Chunqiu · Second Year of Gao Gong," where Ji Sun Si attacked Zhu and seized the eastern fields of Hua and the western fields of Yi. The Hua Shui then flows past the southeast of Zou Shan in Lu Guo and continues southwest. This is what is referred to as Yi Shan in the "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Chunqiu. It was where Duke Wen of Zhu relocated his capital. The present city lies on the south side of Zou Shan, relying on rocky terrain for natural fortification. This was the state of Zhu Lou, a place belonging to the Cao surname; it was also Shulianghe's fief and where Confucius was born. Later, this became a xian; the name of the county derived from Zou Shan. It was known as Zouting during Wang Mang's reign. Jing Xiangpan said: According to the "Ge Li Zhi," Yi Shan is located north of Zou Xian; this was the place upon which Yiyi relied for its name. The mountain is twenty li wide from east to west, standing tall and distinct. Stacked rocks face each other closely; there is hardly any soil. Many holes and cavities exist between the stones, interconnected through tunnels. There are often spaces large enough for several rooms; the local people call them "Yi Kong." During times of turmoil, families would take refuge inside these caves. Even if many external enemies arrived, they could do no harm. During the Yongjia period of the Jin dynasty, Taiwei Xi Jian led his fellow villagers to take refuge in this mountain; Hu bandits attacked and tried to capture it but failed. Today, there is a large Yi on the southern side of the mountain, named Xi Gong Yi; to the north lies an isolated cliff. Qin Shi Huang observed rites in Lu, ascended to the top of Yi Shan, and ordered Chancellor Li Si to inscribe an edict on the mountain ridge using large seal script. The site was named Shumen; this is what is referred to in the "Shi Jing" as "Bao You Fu Yi." The Hua Shui flows southwest past the southern side of Fan Xian's old city, then westward along the northern side of Xue Xian's former city. According to the "Ge Li Zhi," this was the fief of Xi Zhong, the chariot official of Xia. According to the "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," in the thirty-first year of King Huicheng of Liang, Pi was moved to Xue and renamed Xu Zhou. On the southern mountain behind the city is the tomb of Xi Zhong.
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| | 泗水: |
《晉太康地記》曰：奚仲冢在城南二十五里山上，百姓謂之神靈也。齊封田文于此，號孟嘗君，有惠喻，今郭側猶有文冢，結石為郭，作制嚴固，瑩麗可尋，行人往還，莫不逕觀，以為異見矣。漷水又西逕仲虺城北，《晉太康地記》曰：奚仲遷于邳，仲虺居之以為湯左相，其後當周爵稱侯，後見侵削，霸者所絀為伯，任姓也。應劭曰：邳在薛。 |
| | The "Jin Taikang Diji" says: The tomb of Xi Zhong is located twenty-five li south of the city on a mountain; the common people refer to it as Sheng Ling. Qi enfeoffed Tian Wen here, who was known as Mengchang Jun. He showed kindness and wisdom; even today, near the city wall there is still a tomb of Wen, with stone walls forming its enclosure. The structure is solidly built and beautifully preserved, easily identifiable to visitors. Travelers going back and forth cannot help but stop by for a view, considering it an extraordinary sight. The Hua Shui continues flowing west past the northern side of Zhong Hui Cheng. According to the "Jin Taikang Diji," Xi Zhong moved to Pi, and Zhong Hui resided there as the left prime minister of Tang. Later in the Zhou dynasty, his descendants were granted marquis titles; however, after suffering invasions and reductions, they were demoted by dominant rulers to a rank of bo (a lesser noble title) and belonged to the Ren surname. Ying Shao said: "Pi is located in Xue."
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| | 泗水: |
徐廣《史記音義》曰：楚元王子郢客，以呂后二年封上邳侯也。有下，故此為上矣。 |
| | Xu Guang's "Shi Ji Yin Yi" says: Prince Yingke, son of King Yuanwang of Chu, was enfeoffed as Shang Pi Hou in the second year of Empress Dowager Lü. There is a lower one; thus this is called the upper one.
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| | 泗水: |
《晉書·地道記》曰：仲虺城在薛城西三十里，漷水又西至湖陸縣入于泗。故京相璠曰：薛縣漷水首受蕃縣，西注山陽湖陸是也。《經》言瑕丘東，誤耳。 |
| | The "Jin Shu · Di Dao Ji" says: Zhong Hui Cheng is located thirty li west of Xue Cheng. The Hua Shui then continues flowing west to Hulu Xian and flows into the Si Shui River. Therefore, Jing Xiangpan said: The Hua Shui of Xue Xian originates from Fan Xian and flows west into Shan Yang Hulu. This is the case. The "Jing" says it is east of Xia Qiu; this is an error.
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| | 泗水: |
又南過平陽縣西， |
| | It then flows south past the west side of Pingyang Xian,
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| | 泗水: |
縣，即山陽郡之南平陽縣也。 |
| | this xian is Nanpingyang Xian of Shanyang Jun.
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| | 泗水: |
《竹書紀年》曰：梁惠成王二十九年，齊田肸及宋人伐我東鄙，圍平陽者也。王莽改之曰黽平矣。泗水又南逕故城西，世謂之漆鄉。 |
| | According to the "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," in the twenty-ninth year of King Huicheng's reign, Qi's Tian Xi and Song forces attacked our eastern border and besieged Pingyang. Wang Mang changed its name to Minping. The Si Shui then flows south past the western side of Gu Cheng, which is commonly known as Qixiang.
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應劭《十三州記》曰：漆鄉，邾邑也。杜預曰：平陽東北有漆鄉。今見有故城西南，方二里，所未詳也。 |
| | Ying Shao's "Shisan Zhou Ji" says: Qixiang was a fief of Zhu. Du Yu said: To the northeast of Pingyang is Qixiang. Now there is an old city to its southwest, two li in size; however, details remain unclear.
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| | 泗水: |
又南過高平縣西，洸水從西北來流注之。 |
| | It then flows south past the western part of Gaoping Xian, receiving the Guang Shui River flowing in from the northwest.
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| | 泗水: |
泗水南逕高平山，山東西十里，南北五里，高四里，與衆山相連。其山最高，頂上方平，故謂之高平山，縣亦取名焉。泗水又南逕高平縣故城西，漢宣帝地節三年，封丞相魏相為侯國。高帝七年，封將軍陳鍇為橐侯。《地理志》：山陽之屬縣也。王莽改曰高平。應劭曰：章帝改。 |
| | The Si Shui flows south past Gaoping Shan; the mountain is ten li wide from east to west and five li long from north to south, four li in height, connected with other mountains. This mountain is the highest; its summit is flat and level, hence it is called Gaoping Shan, after which the xian also takes its name. The Si Shui then continues south past the western side of Gaoping Xian's old city; in the third year of Dijie under Emperor Xuan of Han, Chancellor Wei Xiang was enfeoffed here as marquis. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu's reign, General Chen Kai was enfeoffed as Tuohou. The "Ge Li Zhi" states: it is a subordinate xian of Shanyang. Wang Mang changed the name to Gaoping. Ying Shao said: it was renamed by Emperor Zhang.
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按本《志》曰：王莽改名，章帝因之矣。所謂洸水者，洙水也。蓋洸、洙相入，互受通稱矣。 |
| | According to the original "Zhi," Wang Mang changed its name, and Emperor Zhang continued using it. The so-called Guang Shui is actually the Zhu Shui. It seems that Guang and Zhu flow into each other, hence they are interchangeably referred to by either name.
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| | 泗水: |
又南過方與縣東， |
| | It then flows south past the eastern side of Fangyu Xian,
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| | 泗水: |
漢哀帝建平四年，縣女子田無嗇生子，先未生二月，兒啼腹中，及生，不舉，葬之陌上，三日，人過聞啼聲，母掘養之。 |
| | In the fourth year of Jianping under Emperor Ai of Han, a woman named Tian Wuse from Fangyu Xian gave birth to a child. Two months before the birth, the baby cried inside her womb; when it was born, she did not raise it and buried it on the roadside. Three days later, someone passing by heard crying sounds and informed its mother, who then dug up and raised the child.
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| | 泗水: |
菏水從西來注之。 |
| | The He Shui flows in from the west and joins it.
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| | 泗水: |
菏水即濟水之所苞注以成湖澤也。而東與泗水合于湖陵縣西六十里穀庭城下，俗謂之黃水口。黃水西北通巨野澤，蓋以黃水沿注于菏，故因以名焉。 |
| | The He Shui is where the Ji Shui converges to form lakes and marshes. To the east, it merges with the Si Shui at a location sixty li west of Hulu Xian's Guting Cheng; this place is commonly known as Huangshuikou. The Huang Shui connects to the northwest with Juye Ze; this is likely named after the Huang Shui, which flows along and into the He Shui. Hence, it was given its name accordingly.
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又屈東南，過湖陸縣南，涓涓水從東北來流注之。 |
| | It then turns southeast again, passing south of Hulu Xian, where the Juanjuan Shui flows in from the northeast.
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《地理志》：故湖陵縣也，菏水在南，王莽改曰湖陸。應劭曰：一名湖陵，章帝封東平王蒼子為湖陸侯，更名湖陸也。泗水又東逕郗鑒所築城北，又東逕湖陵城東南，昔桓溫之北入也，范歡擒慕容忠于此，城東有《度尚碑》。泗水又左會南梁水，《地理志》曰：水出蕃縣。今縣之東北，平澤出泉若輪焉。發源成川，西南流分為二水，北水枝出，西逕蕃縣北，西逕滕城北，《春秋左傳·隱公十一年》，滕侯、薛侯來朝，爭長。薛侯曰：我先封。滕侯曰：我周之卜正也。薛庶姓也，我不可以後之。公使羽父請薛侯曰：君辱在寡人，周諺有之，曰：山有木，工則度之；賓有禮，主則擇之。周之宗盟，異姓為後，寡人若朝于薛，不敢與諸任齒，君若辱貺寡人，則願以滕君為請。薛侯許之，乃長滕侯者也。漢高祖封夏侯嬰為侯國，號曰滕公。鄧晨曰：今沛郡公丘也。其水又溉于丘焉。縣故城在滕西北，城周二十里，內有子城，按《地理志》，即滕也。周懿王子錯叔繡文公所封也。齊滅之，秦以為縣，漢武帝元朔三年，封魯恭王子劉順為侯國。世以此水溉我良田，遂及百秭，故有兩溝之名焉。南梁水自枝渠西南逕魯國蕃縣故城東，俗以南鄰于漷，亦謂之西漷水。南梁水又屈逕城南，應劭曰：縣，古小邾邑也。 |
| | According to the "Ge Li Zhi," this was formerly Hulu Xian; the He Shui flows to its south. Wang Mang changed its name to Hulv. Ying Shao said: It was also known as Hulu; Emperor Zhang enfeoffed the son of Prince Cang of Dongping as Hulv Hou, and it was renamed Hulv. The Si Shui then flows east past the northern side of the city built by Xi Jian, and continues east to the southeast of Hulu Cheng. In ancient times, when Huan Wen marched northward, Fan Huan captured Murong Zhong here; there is a "Du Shang Bei" (the stele of Du Shang) on the eastern side of the city. The Si Shui again converges with Nanliang Shui from its left bank; according to the "Ge Li Zhi," this river originates from Fan Xian. Today, in the northeast of the xian, a spring emerges on level ground, shaped like a wheel. The spring gives rise to a river, which flows southwest and splits into two streams. The northern branch diverges, flowing west past the north of Fan Xian, then further west along the north side of Teng Cheng. As recorded in the "Zuo Zhuan · Eleventh Year of Yin Gong," Duke Teng and Duke Xue came to pay homage but quarreled over precedence. Duke Xue said: I was enfeoffed first. Duke Teng replied: "I am the Zhou dynasty's divination official." Xue was of a common surname; I cannot place myself after him. The ruler sent Yu Fu to request of Duke Xue: "Your honor is with me, and there is a proverb in Zhou: 'When a mountain has trees, the craftsman measures them;'" "when guests arrive with courtesy, the host chooses accordingly." "In the Zhou dynasty's ancestral alliances, those of different surnames are placed last. If I were to pay homage at Xue, I would not dare rank among the Ren clan. If you would do me the honor, I request that Duke Teng be given precedence." Duke Xue agreed; thus, Duke Teng was granted seniority over him. Emperor Gaozu of Han enfeoffed Xiahou Ying as marquis here; he was known as Duke Teng. Deng Chen said: "This is now Gongqiu in Pei Jun." The river then irrigates the area of Qiu. The old city walls of the county are located northwest of Teng; the city wall was twenty li in circumference, with an inner walled city. According to the "Ge Tu Zhi," this is indeed Teng. It was enfeoffed by Prince Cuoshu Xiuwen, a son of King Yi of Zhou. Qi annexed it; the Qin dynasty established it as a county. In the third year of Yuanshuo reign period of Emperor Wu of Han (126 BC), Liu Shun, son of Duke Gong of Lu, was enfeoffed here with marquis status. The people have long used this water to irrigate our fertile fields, reaching as much as a hundred si in yield; thus it is known by the name of Lianggou. The Nanliang Shui River flows from the southern branch canal, passing to the east of the old city walls of Fan Xian in the Lu Guo region; commonly, because it lies south of Hu, it is also called the Xi Hu Shui. The Nanliang Shui then turns and flows past the southern part of the city; Ying Shao said: "This county was an old fief of Xiaozhu."
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《地理志》曰：其水西流注于濟渠。濟在湖陸西而左注泗，泗、濟合流，故地記或言濟入泗，泗亦言入濟，互受通稱，故有入濟之文。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Zhi" states: "Its waters flow westward into the Ji Qu canal." The Ji Qu is west of Hulu and flows into the Si Shui on its left bank. The Si Shui and Ji Qu converge, so historical records sometimes say that the Ji enters the Si, or vice versa; they are mutually connected and commonly referred to as such, hence references to "the Si entering the Ji."
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闞駰《十三州志》曰：西至湖陸入泗是也。《經》無南梁之名，而有涓涓之稱，疑即是水也。戴延之《西征記》亦言湖陸縣之東南有涓涓水，亦無記于南梁，謂是吳王所道之瀆也。余按湖陸西南止有是水，延之蓋以《國語》云，吳王夫差起師，將北會黃池，掘溝于商、魯之間，北屬之沂，西屬于濟，以是言之，故謂是水為吳王所掘，非也。余以水路求之，止有泗川耳。蓋北達沂，西北逕于商、魯，而接于濟矣。吳所浚廣耳，非謂起自東北受沂西南注濟也。假之有道，非吳所趣，年載誠眇，人情則近，以今忖古，益知延之之不通情理矣。泗水又南，漷水注之，又逕薛之上邳城西而南注者也。 |
| | Kan Yin's "Shisan Zhou Zhi" states: "This is where it flows west to Hulu and enters the Si Shui." The "Jing" text does not mention the name Nanliang, but refers to it as Juanjuan; this is likely referring to the same river. Dai Yanzhi's "Xi Zheng Ji" also mentions that to the southeast of Hulu Xian there is a Juanjuan Shui; it does not record Nanliang, referring instead to this as the canal used by King Wu. I have examined the area southwest of Hulu, and there is only this river. Dai Yanzhi likely cited the "Guo Yu," which states that King Fu Chai of Wu raised an army to meet at Huangchi in the north, digging a canal between Shang and Lu, connecting it to the Yi River in the north and the Ji Qu in the west. Based on this account, he called this river one dug by King Wu, but this is incorrect. I have traced the water route and found only the Si Chuan River. It likely reaches north to Yi, flows northwest through Shang and Lu, and connects with the Ji Qu. The canal dug by Wu was merely wide; it did not mean that it originated in the northeast to receive Yi and flow southwest into Ji. Even if there were a route, it was not what Wu pursued. The passage of time is indeed long, and human understanding tends to be close at hand; judging the past by present standards, one can see even more clearly that Dai Yanzhi's reasoning lacks sound logic. The Si Shui then flows southward, with the Hu Shui flowing into it; it continues past the western side of Shangpi Cheng in Xue and flows south.
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| | 泗水: |
又東過沛縣東， |
| | It then flows eastward past the eastern side of Pei Xian,
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| | 泗水: |
昔許由隱于沛澤，即是縣也，縣蓋取澤為名。宋滅屬楚，在泗水之濱，于秦為泗水郡治。黃水注之。黃水出小黃縣黃鄉黃溝，《國語》曰：吳子會諸侯于黃池者也。黃水東流逕外黃縣故城南，張晏曰：魏郡有內黃縣，故加外也。薛瓚曰：縣有黃溝，故縣氏焉。 |
| | In ancient times, Xu You once lived in seclusion at Pei Ze; this is the same county. The name of the county was likely derived from that lake region. After the Song dynasty fell, it came under the control of Chu; located by the banks of the Si Shui, during the Qin dynasty it served as the administrative center of Si Shui Jun. The Huang Shui flows into it. The Huang Shui originates from the Huang Xiang in Xiaohuang Xian, at a place called Huanggou. The "Guo Yu" states: "This is where King Wu of Wu convened feudal lords at Huangchi." The Huang Shui flows eastward, passing to the south of the old city walls of Waihuang Xian. Zhang Yan said: "There is an Neihuang Xian in Wei Jun; hence the prefix 'Wai' (outer) was added." Xue Zan said: "The county has a Huanggou, so it is named after that."
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圈稱《陳留風俗傳》曰：縣南有渠水，于春秋為宋之曲棘里，故宋之別都矣。《春秋·昭公二十五年》，宋元公卒于曲棘是也。宋華元居于稷里，宣公十五年，楚、鄭圍宋，晉解揚違楚，致命于此。宋人懼，使華元乘闉夜入楚師，登子反之牀曰：寡君使元以病告，弊邑易子而食，析骸以爨，城下之盟，所不能也。子反退一舍，宋、楚乃平。今城東闉上猶有華元祠，祠之不輟。城北有華元冢。黃溝自城南東逕葵丘下，《春秋·僖公九年》，齊桓公會諸侯于葵丘，宰孔曰：齊侯不務德而勤遠略，北伐山戎，南伐楚，西為此會，東略之不知，西則否矣，其在亂乎？君務靖亂，無勤于行。晉侯乃還。即此地也。黃溝又東注大澤，蒹葭雈葦生焉，即世所謂大薺陂也。陂水東北流逕定陶縣南，又東逕山陽郡成武縣之楚丘亭北，黃溝又東逕成武縣故城南，王莽更之曰成安也。黃溝又東北逕郜城北，《春秋·桓公二年》，《經》書，取郜大鼎于宋，戊申，納于太廟。 |
| | Quan Chuan's "Chenliu Fengsu Zhuan" states: "To the south of this county is Qu Shui; in the Spring and Autumn period, it was Cui Ji Li of Song, hence a secondary capital of the State of Song." This is recorded in the "Chunqiu," 25th year of Duke Zhao's reign: "Duke Yuan of Song died at Qu Ji." During the State of Song, Hua Yuan lived in Ji Li. In the fifteenth year of Duke Xuan's reign, Chu and Zheng besieged Song; Jin's Jie Yang defied Chu and delivered a message here. The people of Song were terrified, so they sent Hua Yuan to ride through the ramparts at night and enter the Chu camp. He climbed onto Zifan's bed and said: "My lord has sent me to inform you that our city is suffering greatly; we have resorted to exchanging children for food and burning bones for fuel. We cannot accept a truce made under your walls." Zifan then withdrew one shè, and thus peace was reached between Song and Chu. Today, on the eastern ramparts of the city, there is still a temple dedicated to Hua Yuan; worship at this shrine has never ceased. To the north of the city lies Hua Yuan's tomb. The Huanggou flows eastward from the southern side of the city, passing beneath Kuichiu. In the ninth year of Duke Xi's reign in the "Chunqiu," Duke Huan of Qi convened feudal lords at Kuichiu; Zai Kong said: "Duke Qi does not focus on virtue but is preoccupied with distant campaigns. He attacked Shan Rong to the north, fought against Chu to the south, and held this assembly to the west, yet he knows nothing about the east. If it's not the west, then perhaps chaos will arise?" You should focus on quelling disorder rather than being preoccupied with military campaigns. Duke Jin then returned. This is the very place. The Huanggou then flows eastward into a large marsh, where reeds and cattails grow; this is what the world calls Daqi Bei. The Bei Shui flows northeast, passing to the south of Dingtao Xian; it then continues eastward past the northern side of Chuqiu Ting in Chengwu Xian, Shan Yang Jun. The Huanggou further flows eastward and passes to the south of the old walls of Chengwu Xian, which was renamed Cheng'an by Wang Mang. The Huanggou then turns northeast and flows past the northern side of Gao Cheng. In the second year of Duke Huan's reign, according to the "Jing" text: "A large tripod from Gao was taken from Song; on the Wushen day, it was enshrined in the Grand Temple."
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《左傳》曰：宋督攻孔父而取其妻，殺殤公而立公子馮，以郜大鼎賂公，臧哀伯諫為非禮。 |
| | The "Zuo Zhuan" states: "Duke Song Du attacked Kong Fu and took his wife, killed Shang Gong, and installed Gongzi Feng. He presented the large tripod from Gao as a bribe to the Duke; Zang Aibo advised against it, calling this act unbecoming of ritual propriety."
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《十三州志》曰：今成武縣東南有郜城，俗謂之北郜者也。黃溝又東逕平樂縣故城南，又東，右合泡水，即豐水之上源也。水上承大薺陂，東逕貰城北，又東逕已氏縣故城北，王莽之已善也。縣有伊尹冢。崔駰曰：殷帝沃丁之時，伊尹卒，葬于薄。 |
| | The "Shisan Zhou Zhi" states: "Today, to the southeast of Chengwu Xian is Gao Cheng; it is commonly called Bei Gao." The Huanggou then continues eastward, flowing past the southern side of Pingle Xian's old city walls. Further to the east, it merges on its right with the Pao Shui, which is the upper source of the Feng Shui. The river originates from Daqi Bei, flows eastward past the northern side of She Cheng, and then continues east to pass north of the old city walls of Yishi Xian, known as Yishan during Wang Mang's reign. There is a tomb of Yi Yin in this county. Cui Yin said: "During the reign of King Wu Ding of Yin, Yi Yin died and was buried at Bo."
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《皇覽》曰：伊尹冢在濟陰已氏平利鄉。皇甫謐曰：伊尹年百餘歲而卒，大霧三日，沃丁葬以天子之禮，親自臨喪，以報大德焉。又東逕孟諸澤，杜預曰：澤在梁國睢陽縣東北，又東逕郜成縣故城南，《地理志》：山陽縣也，王莽更名之曰告成矣。故世有南郜、北郜之論也。又東逕單父縣故城南，昔宓子賤之治也。孔子使巫馬期觀政，入其境，見夜漁者，問曰：子得魚輒放何也？曰：小者，吾大夫欲長育之故也。子聞之曰：誠彼形此，子賤得之，善矣。惜哉！不齊所治者小也。王莽更名斯縣為利父矣。世祖建武十三年，封劉茂為侯國。又東逕平樂縣，右合泡水，水上承睢水于下邑縣界，東北注一水，上承睢水于杼秋縣界北流，世又謂之瓠盧溝，水積為渚，渚水東北流，二渠雙引，左合灃水，俗謂之二泡也。自下，灃、泡竝得通稱矣。 |
| | The "Huang Lan" states: "Yi Yin's tomb is located in Pingli Xiang, Yishi, Ji Yin." Huangfu Mi said: "Yi Yin lived over a hundred years and died; for three days, thick fog covered the land. King Wu Ding buried him with the rites of an emperor, personally attending his funeral to repay such great virtue." It then flows eastward through Mengzhu Ze. Du Yu said: "The marsh is located northeast of Su Yang Xian in Liang Guo." Further to the east, it passes south of the old city walls of Gao Cheng Xian. According to the "Ge Tu Zhi," this was Shan Yang Xian; Wang Mang renamed it Gaicheng. Hence, there is a historical debate about Nan Gao and Bei Gao. It then flows eastward past the southern side of Danfu Xian's old city walls, where once Master Mi Zijian governed. Confucius sent Wuma Qi to observe the administration there. Upon entering the territory, he saw a man fishing at night and asked: "Why do you catch fish only to release them?" The man replied: "Because they are small; our magistrates wish for their growth." Upon hearing this, Confucius said: "The truth of that place is reflected here. Zijian has grasped it well." What a pity! It is because the territory he governed was small. Wang Mang renamed this county as Lifu. In the thirteenth year of Jianwu reign period of Emperor Shizu, Liu Mao was enfeoffed with marquis status here. It then flows eastward to Pingle Xian, where it merges on the right with the Pao Shui. The river originates from Sui Shui within Xia yi Xian's territory and flows northeast as a tributary. Another stream originates from Sui Shui in Zhu Qiu Xian's northern boundary; this water accumulates into an island. From there, the waters flow northeastward through two canals, converging on the left with Feng Shui—commonly known as "Erpao." From this point onward, both Feng and Pao are commonly referred to by these names.
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故《地理志》曰：平樂，侯國也，泡水所出。又逕豐西澤，謂之豐水，《漢書》稱高祖送徒麗山，徒多亡，到豐西澤，有大蛇當徑，拔劍斬之。此即漢高祖斬蛇處也。又東逕大堰，水分為二，又東逕豐縣故城南，王莽之吾豐也。水側城東北流，右合枝水，上承豐西大堰，派流東北逕豐城北，東注灃水。灃水又東合黃水，時人謂之狂水，蓋狂、黃聲相近，俗傳失實也。自下黃水又兼通稱矣。水上舊有梁，謂之泡橋。王智深《宋史》云：宋太尉劉義恭于彭城遣軍主嵇玄敬北至城，覘候魏軍，魏軍于清西望見玄敬士衆，魏南康侯杜道儁引趣泡橋，沛縣民逆燒泡橋，又于林中打鼓，儁謂宋軍大至，爭渡泡水，水深酷寒，凍溺死者殆半。清水即泗水之別名也。沈約《宋書》稱魏軍欲渡清西，非也。泡水又東逕沛縣故城南，秦末兵起，蕭何、曹參迎漢祖于此城。高帝十一年，封合陽侯劉仲子為侯國。城內有漢高祖廟，廟前有三碑，後漢立。廟基以青石為之，階陛尚存。劉備之為徐州也，治此。袁術遣紀靈攻備，備求救呂布，布救之，屯小沛，招靈請備共飲，布謂靈曰：玄德，布弟也，布性不喜合鬬，但喜解鬬。乃植戟于門，布彎弓曰：觀布射戟小支，中者，當各解兵；不中，可留決鬬。一發中之，遂解。此即布射戟枝處也。 |
| | Hence the "Ge Tu Zhi" states: "Pingle was a marquisate, and it is where Pao Shui originates." It then flows past Fengxi Ze, known as the Feng Shui. According to the "Han Shu," when Emperor Gaozu escorted convicts to Lishan, many escaped; upon arriving at Fengxi Ze, they encountered a large snake blocking their path and cut it down with swords. This is the site where Emperor Gaozu of Han slew the snake. It then flows eastward past Dayan, where the river splits into two branches; further to the east, it flows past the southern side of Feng Xian's old city walls—known as Wufeng during Wang Mang's reign. The waters along the city walls flow northeast, merging on the right with a branch stream. This stream originates from Dayan in Fengxi and branches off to flow northeast past the northern side of Feng Cheng before flowing eastward into Feng Shui. The Feng Shui then merges with the Huang Shui to the east; people of that time called it Kuang Shui. This is likely because "Kuang" and "Huang" have similar sounds, a misinterpretation passed down by popular tradition. From this point onward, the Huang Shui also shares in this common designation. There was an old bridge over the river called Pao Qiao. Wang Zhishen's "Song Shi" records: During the Song dynasty, Taiwei Liu Yigong dispatched General Jie Xuanjing from Pengcheng to travel northward toward Cheng. The Wei forces, while looking west of Qing, spotted Xuanjing's troops. Duke Nan Kang Hou Du Daojun hurriedly advanced toward Pao Qiao; however, local people from Pei Xian had set fire to and destroyed the bridge in advance. They also beat drums in the forest, leading Jun to believe that a large Song force was approaching. In panic, he rushed to cross the Pao Shui River, but due to its depth and bitter cold, nearly half of his men froze or drowned. Qing Shui is an alternative name for Si Shui. Shen Yue's "Song Shu" refers to the Wei forces wanting to cross west of Qing, which is incorrect. The Pao Shui then flows eastward past the south of Pei Xian's old city walls; at the end of the Qin dynasty, when hostilities arose, Xiao He and Cao Can met Emperor Gaozu here. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gao Di's reign, Liu Zhongzi was enfeoffed as marquis at He Yang Hou. Inside the city walls is a temple dedicated to Emperor Gaozu of Han; in front of the temple are three stone tablets, erected during the Later Han dynasty. The foundation of the temple was built with blue stone, and its steps still remain. When Liu Bei governed Xu Zhou, he administered his affairs from this city. Yuan Shu sent Ji Ling to attack Bei. Bei sought help from Lü Bu, who came to his aid and stationed troops at Xiaopei. He invited Ling for a banquet with Bei. Bu told Ling: "Xuande is my younger brother; I do not enjoy fighting, but only resolving conflicts." He then planted a halberd at the gate. Bu drew his bow and said: "Watch as I shoot the small branch of this halberd; if I hit it, you will both disband your troops." If I miss, then we may continue with battle. With one shot he hit the mark, and thus they disarmed. This is where Bu shot the halberd branch.
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《述征記》曰：城極大，四周壍通豐水，豐水于城南東注泗，即泡水也。 |
| | The "Shu Zheng Ji" states: "This city is very large, with ditches all around connecting to the Feng Shui; the Feng Shui flows east into Si Shui at the southern side of the city—this is also Pao Shui."
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《地理志》曰：泡水自平樂縣東北至沛入泗者也。泗水南逕小沛縣東，縣治故城南垞上。東岸有泗水亭，漢祖為泗水亭長，即此亭也。故亭今有高祖廟，廟前有碑，延熹十年立。廟闕崩褫，略無全者。水中有故石梁處，遺石尚存。高祖之破黥布也，過之，置酒沛宮，酒酣歌舞，慷慨傷懷，曰：遊子思故鄉也。泗水又東南流逕廣戚縣故城南，漢武帝元朔元年，封劉擇為侯國，王莽更之曰力聚也。泗水又逕留縣而南逕垞城東，城西南有崇侯虎廟，道淪遺愛，不知何因而遠有此圖。泗水又南逕宋大夫桓魋冢西，山枕泗水，西上盡石，鑿而為冢，今人謂之石郭者也。郭有二重，石作工巧，夫子以為不如死之速朽也。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Zhi" states: "Pao Shui flows from the northeast of Pingle Xian to Pei, where it enters Si Shui." The Si Shui flows southward past the eastern side of Xiaopei Xian; the administrative center is located on a sandbar at the southern part of its old city walls. On the eastern bank is Si Shui Ting; Emperor Gaozu once served as a local official here, making this the very pavilion he governed. The old pavilion now houses an emperor's temple; in front of it stands a stone tablet, erected in the tenth year of Yuanxi. The temple gate and surrounding structures have collapsed or been stripped away, with hardly any intact remains left. There are remnants of an old stone bridge in the river; some stones still remain. When Emperor Gaozu defeated Qing Bu, he passed through here and held a banquet at Pei Gong. As the wine flowed and songs were sung, he became emotionally moved and said: "A traveler longs for his hometown." The Si Shui then continues southeastward, flowing past the southern part of Guangqi Xian's old city walls. In the first year of Yuanshuo during Emperor Wu's reign (128 BC), Liu Ze was enfeoffed there with marquis status; Wang Mang later renamed it Liju. The Si Shui then passes through Liu Xian and flows southward past Chache Cheng to the east. To the southwest of this city is a temple for Duke Chong Hou Hu; with time, its traditions have faded and its legacy has been forgotten—how it came to be so far from its origins remains unknown. The Si Shui continues southward, passing west of the tomb of Song Daifu Huantui. The mountain lies at the head of the river; to the west it is all stone, and the tomb was carved into this rock—this place is now called Shiguo by locals. The tomb has two layers, skillfully constructed from stone; Confucius once said that this was not as good as a quick decay after death.
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又東南過彭城縣東北， |
| | It then flows southeast past the northeast of Pengcheng Xian,
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泗水西有龍華寺，是沙門釋法顯遠出西域，浮海東還，持《龍華圖》，首創此制。法流中夏，自法顯始也。其所持天竺二石，仍在南陸東基堪中，其石尚光潔可愛。泗水又南，獲水入焉，而南逕彭城縣故城東。周顯王四十二年，九鼎淪没泗淵，秦始皇時而鼎見于斯水。始皇自以德合三代，大喜，使數千人没水求之，不得，所謂鼎伏也。亦云系而行之，未出，龍齒齧斷其系。故語曰：稱樂大早絶鼎系。當是孟浪之傳耳。泗水又逕龔勝墓南，墓碣尚存。又逕亞父冢東，《皇覽》曰：亞父冢在廬江縣郭東居巢亭中，有亞父井，吏民視事皆祭亞父于居巢廳上，後更造祠于郭東，至今祠之。按《漢書·項羽傳》，歷陽人范增未至彭城而發疽死，不言之居巢，今彭城南有項羽涼馬臺，臺之西南山麓上，即其冢也。增不慕范蠡之舉，而自絶于斯，可謂褊矣。推考書事，墓近于此也。 |
| | To the west of the Si Shui is Longhua Temple, which was first established by the monk Fa Xian. After traveling far to the Western Regions and returning eastward across the sea, he brought with him a "Longhua Tu" (Dragon Flower Diagram) and pioneered this tradition here. The spread of this practice to Zhongxia began with Fa Xian. The two stones he brought from Tianzhu are still located in the eastern foundation of Nanlu; these stones remain smooth, clean, and lovely to behold. The Si Shui continues south, with the Huo Shui flowing into it, then flows past the eastern side of Pengcheng Xian's old city. In the forty-second year of King Xianwang's reign in the Zhou dynasty, the Nine Tripods sank into Si Yuan. During Emperor Qin Shi Huang's time, a tripod was seen again in this river. Emperor Qin Shi Huang believed his virtue matched that of the Three Dynasties and was greatly pleased. He sent thousands of people to dive into the water in search, but they found nothing—this is what is known as the "hidden tripod." It was also said that people tried to drag it along with ropes, but before they could bring it up, a dragon's teeth bit through the ropes. Hence, there is an old saying: "Chengle Da Zao cut off the tripod rope." This must be a reckless and unfounded tale. The Si Shui then flows past the southern side of Gong Sheng's tomb, where the stone tablet remains intact. It then flows past the east of Yafu's tomb. The "Huang Lan" records: "Yafu's tomb is located in Guo Dong, Lujiang Xian, within Juchao Ting. There is a well called Yafu Jing there; officials and commoners conducting affairs would offer sacrifices to Yafu on the hall of Juchao Ting. Later, a temple was built east of the city walls, and they have continued to worship him there ever since." According to the "Book of Han: Biography of Xiang Yu," Laiyang native Fan Zeng died from an abscess before reaching Pengcheng, and there is no mention that he was buried in Juchao. Today, south of Pengcheng lies Xiang Yu's Liangma Tai; on the southwest slope of the mountain above this terrace is his tomb. Fan Zeng did not emulate Fan Li's example, but instead chose to end his life here; one might say this was narrow-minded indeed. Based on historical records and investigation, the tomb is likely located near this place.
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又東南過呂縣南， |
| | It then flows southeast past Lü Xian to the south,
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呂，宋邑也。《春秋·襄公元年》，晉師伐鄭及陳，楚子辛救鄭，侵宋呂、留是也。縣對泗水，漢景帝三年，有白頸烏與黑烏，羣鬬于縣，白頸烏不勝，墮泗水中，死者數千。 |
| | Lü was a walled city of the Song state. In the first year of Duke Xiang's reign, as recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," Jin forces attacked Zheng and Chen. The Lord Xin of Chu came to rescue Zheng and invaded the Song territories at Lü and Liu—this is referring to that event. Facing the Si Shui, this county witnessed a battle between white-necked crows and black crows in the third year of Emperor Jing's reign. The white-necked crows were defeated and fell into the river; thousands died.
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京房《易傳》曰：逆親親，厥妖白黑烏鬬。時有吳、楚之反。泗水之上有石梁焉，故曰呂梁也。昔宋景公以弓工之弓，彎弧東射，矢集彭城之東，飲羽于石梁，即斯梁也。懸濤漰渀，實為泗險，孔子所謂魚鱉不能游。又云：懸水三十仞，流沫九十里。今則不能也。蓋惟嶽之喻，未便極天明矣。 |
| | Jing Fang's "Yi Zhuan" states: "Disrespect for close relatives will bring as an omen a battle between white and black crows." At that time, there was the rebellion of Wu and Chu. There is a stone bridge on the Si Shui; hence it is called Lü Liang. In the past, Song Jinggong used a bow made by an archery craftsman to bend and shoot eastward; his arrow landed in the area east of Pengcheng and became lodged with its feathers wet from water at this stone bridge—this was precisely that bridge. The surging waves and turbulent waters make it a perilous stretch of the Si Shui—this is what Confucius referred to when he said that fish and turtles could not swim through. It also says: "The hanging water drops thirty ren, with its foam flowing for ninety li." But this is no longer the case today. This was merely a metaphor for Mount Yuezhi; it should not be taken as an absolute truth.
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《晉太康地記》曰：水出磬石，《書》所謂泗濱浮磬者也。泗水又東南流，丁溪水注之，溪水上承泗水于呂縣，東南流，北帶廣隰，山高而注于泗川。泗水冬春淺澀，常排沙通道，是以行者多從此溪。即陸機《行思賦》所云：乘丁水之捷岸，排泗川之積沙者也。晉太元九年，左將軍謝玄于呂梁遣督護聞人奭用工九萬，擁水立七拕，以利運漕者。 |
| | The "Jin Taikang Di Ji" states: "This water originates from qing shi"—this is the "Si Bin Fu Qing" mentioned in the Book of Documents. The Si Shui continues southeastward, with Ding Xi Shui flowing into it. The Xi Shui originates from the Si Shui in Lü Xian and flows southeastward; its northern side is bordered by a wide marshy area, descending from high mountains to flow into the Si Chuan. In winter and spring, the Si Shui becomes shallow and sluggish; people often clear sand to maintain a passage, so travelers frequently follow this stream. This is what Lu Ji refers to in his "Xingsi Fu": "Riding along the swift bank of Ding Shui, clearing the accumulated sand of Si Chuan." In the ninth year of Ta yuan during the Jin dynasty, General Zuo Jiangun Xie Xuan dispatched Du Hu Wenren Shi from Lü Liang to mobilize 90,000 workers. They dammed the water and built seven locks to facilitate canal transport.
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又東南過下邳縣西， |
| | It then flows southeast past Xiapi Xian to the west,
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| | 泗水: |
泗水歷縣逕葛嶧山東，即奚仲所遷邳嶧者也。泗水又東南逕下邳縣故城西，東南流，沂水流注焉，故東海屬縣也。應劭曰：奚仲自薛徙居之，故曰下邳也。漢徙齊王韓信為楚王，都之。後乃縣焉，王莽之閏儉矣，東陽郡治。文穎曰：秦嘉，東陽郡人，今下邳是也。晉灼曰：東陽縣本屬臨淮郡，明帝分屬下邳，後分屬廣陵。故張晏曰：東陽郡，今廣陵郡也，漢明帝置下邳郡矣。城有三重，其大城中有大司馬石苞、鎮東將軍胡質、司徒王渾、監軍石崇四碑。南門謂之白門，魏武擒陳宮于此處矣。中城，呂布所守也。小城，晉中興北中郎將荀羨、郗曇所治也。昔泰山吳伯武，少孤，與弟文章相失二十餘年，遇于縣市，文章欲毆伯武，心神悲慟，因相尋問，乃兄弟也。縣為沂、泗之會也。又有武原水注之，水出彭城武原縣西北，會注陂南，逕其城西，王莽之和樂亭也。縣東有徐廟山，山因徐徙，即以名之也。山上有石室，徐廟也。武原水又南合武水，謂之泇水，南逕剛亭城，又南至下邳入泗，謂之武原水口也。又有桐水出西北東海容丘縣，東南至下邳入泗。泗水東南逕下相縣故城東，王莽之從德也。城之西北有漢太尉陳球墓，墓前有三碑，是弟子管寧、華歆等所造。初平四年，曹操攻徐州，破之，拔取慮、睢陵、夏丘等縣，以其父避難被害于此，屠其男女十萬，泗水為之不流，自是數縣人無行跡，亦為暴矣。泗水又東南得睢水口，泗水又逕宿預城之西，又逕其城南，故下邳之宿留縣也，王莽更名之曰康義矣。晉元皇之為安東也，督運軍儲，而為邸閣也。魏太和中，南徐州治，後省為戍。梁將張惠紹北入，水軍所次，憑固斯城，更增脩郭壍，其四面引水環之，今城在泗水之中也。 |
| | The Si Shui passes through this county and flows east of Ge Yi Shan—this is where Xi Zhong relocated to Pi Yi. The Si Shui then turns southeastward, flowing past the western side of Xiapi Xian's old city; continuing in a southeasterly direction, it is joined by the Yi Shui. This was formerly a county under Donghai Commandery. Ying Shao said: "Xi Zhong moved from Xue to settle here, hence it is called Xiapi." During the Han dynasty, King Qi Han Xin was transferred and enfeoffed as King of Chu, with his capital established here. Later it became a county; this was known as Runjian under Wang Mang and served as the administrative center of Dongyang Jun. Wen Ying said: "Qin Jia was a native of Dongyang Jun, which is now Xiapi." Jin Zhuo said: "Dongyang Xian originally belonged to Linhuai Jun. During Emperor Ming's reign, it was transferred to Xiapi; later it became part of Guangling." Hence Zhang Yan said: "Dongyang Jun is now Guangling Jun. The Han Emperor Ming established Xiapi Jun." The city has three layers of walls. Within the large city are four stone tablets: those of Dashi Ma Shi Bao, Zhen Dong Jiangjun Hu Zhi, Siku Wang Hun, and Jian Jun Shi Chong. The southern gate is called Bai Men; it was here that Wei Wu captured Chen Gong. The middle city was defended by Lü Bu. The small city was governed by Jin Zhongxing Bei Zhonglang Jiang Xun Xian and Xi Tan. In the past, Wu Bo Wu of Tai Shan was orphaned at a young age and lost his younger brother Wen Zhang over twenty years ago. They met by chance in the county market; Wen Zhang wanted to beat Bo Wu, overwhelmed with grief and emotion, but upon questioning each other, they realized they were brothers. This county is where Yi Shui and Si Shui converge. There is also the Wu Yuan Shui flowing into it; this water originates from northwest of Wuyuan Xian in Pengcheng, converges and flows south of Hui Zhu Bei, passes west of its city walls—this was known as Helv Ting under Wang Mang. To the east of this county is Xu Miao Shan; the mountain got its name because the people from Xu moved here and settled in it. There is a stone chamber on the mountain, which was once the temple of Xu. The Wu Yuan Shui then flows south to join the Wu Shui, forming what is called Jiang Shui. It continues southward past Gangting Cheng and eventually reaches Xiapi, where it joins the Si Shui—this confluence is known as Wu Yuan Shui Kou. There is also Tong Shui, which originates from the northwest of Donghai Rongqiu Xian and flows southeast to Xiapi, where it enters the Si Shui. The Si Shui flows southeastward past the eastern side of Xiang Xian's old city—this was known as Congde under Wang Mang. To the northwest of this city is the tomb of Han Taivei Chen Qiu; in front of the tomb stand three stone tablets, erected by his disciples Guan Ning, Hua Xin and others. In the fourth year of Chuping, Cao Cao attacked Xu Zhou and captured it. He seized Lu Xian, Suiling Xian, Xiaqiu Xian, and others because his father had taken refuge here but was killed; he then slaughtered ten thousand men and women, so much blood flowed into the Si Shui that it seemed to stop flowing. From then on, these several counties were left without any trace of people—this was indeed a great atrocity. The Si Shui further southeastward reaches the confluence with Sui Shui. It then flows past the western side of Susu Cheng, and continues to its southern side—this was formerly Su Liu Xian under Xiapi; it was renamed Kangyi by Wang Mang. When Emperor Yuan Huang served as Andong, he supervised the transportation of military supplies and built a residence for this purpose. During Taihe in the Wei dynasty, it was the administrative center of Nan Chuzhou; later it was reduced to a military garrison. When Liang general Zhang Huishao marched north, his naval forces stationed here. They relied on the strength of this city and reinforced its walls and moats; water was drawn from all four sides to encircle it—this city now lies within the Si Shui itself.
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| | 泗水: |
又東南入于淮。 |
| | It then flows southeastward into the Huai River.
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| | 泗水: |
泗水又東逕陵柵南，《西征記》曰：舊陵縣之治也。泗水又東南逕淮陽城北，城臨泗水，昔菑丘訢飲馬斬蛟，眇目于此處也。泗水又東南逕魏陽城北，城枕泗川，陸機《行思賦》曰：行魏陽之枉渚。故無魏陽，疑即泗陽縣故城也。王莽之所謂淮平亭矣。蓋魏文帝幸廣陵所由，或因變之，未詳也。泗水又東逕角城北，而東南流注于淮。考諸地說，或言泗水于睢陵入淮，亦云于下相入淮，皆非實録也。 |
| | The Si Shui also flows east past Ling Zha to the south; according to "Xi Zheng Ji," this was once the administrative center of old Ling Xian. The Si Shui then flows southeastward past the northern side of Huaiyang Cheng. This city is situated by the river; it was here in ancient times that Ziqiu Xin tethered his horse and beheaded a dragon, losing an eye. The Si Shui then flows further southeastward past the northern side of Weiyang Cheng. The city lies at the edge of the river; Lu Ji mentions in his "Xingsi Fu": "Passing through the crooked islet of Weiyang." There is no record of a place called Weiyang, and it is likely referring to the old city walls of Siyang Xian. This was known as Huaiping Ting under Wang Mang. It is likely the route Emperor Wen of Wei took when visiting Guangling; however, whether it was altered remains unclear. The Si Shui then flows eastward past Jiao Cheng to the north and continues southeastward into the Huai Shui. According to various geographical records, some say that Si Shui joins the Huai at Suiling, while others claim it does so at Xiapi—these are all inaccurate accounts.
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| | 沂水: |
沂水出泰山蓋縣艾山， |
| | The Yishui River originates from Aishan in Gaixian, Taishan.
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| | 沂水: |
鄭玄云：出沂山，亦或云臨樂山。水有二源：南源所導，世謂之柞泉；北水所發，俗謂之魚窮泉。俱東南流合成一川，右會洛預水，水出洛預山，東北流注之。沂水東南流，左合桑預水，水北出桑預山，東注于沂水。沂水又東南，螳螂水入焉。水出魯山，東南流，右注沂水。沂水又東逕蓋縣故城南，東會連綿之水，水發連綿山，南流逕蓋城東而南入沂。沂水又東逕浮來之山，《春秋經》書：公及莒人盟于浮來者也。即公來山也。在邳鄉西，故號曰邳來之間也。浮來之水注之，其水左控三川，右會甘水而注于沂。沂水又南逕爆山西，山有二峰，相去一里，雙巒齊秀，圓峙若一。沂水又東南逕東莞縣故城西，與小沂水合。孟康曰：縣，故鄆邑，今鄆亭是也。漢武帝元朔二年，封城陽共王子吉為東莞侯。魏文帝黃初中立為東莞郡。《東燕録》謂之團城。劉武帝北伐廣固，登之以望王難。魏南青州治。 |
| | Zhang Huan said: It flows out of Yishan; some also say Linle Shan. The river has two sources: the southern source, which is guided by what is commonly called Zhuquan; the northern water's origin is popularly known as Yuqiong Quan. Both flow southeast and merge into one stream, with the Youhui Luoyu Shui joining from the right. The Luoyu Shui originates from Luoyu Shan and flows northeast to join it. The Yishui River flows southeast, with the Zuhe Sangyu Shui joining from the left. The Sangyu Shui originates north of Sangyu Shan and flows east into the Yishui River. Flowing further southeast, the Yishui River is joined by the Tanglang Shui. The river originates from Lushan and flows southeast, joining the Yishui River on its right side. The Yishui River then flows east past the site of Gaixian's old city to the south, where it converges with the Lianmian Shui from the east. The Lianmian Shui originates from Lianmian Shan and flows south through the eastern side of Gaicheng before joining the Yishui River further south. The Yishui River again flows east past Fulaishi Mountain; the "Spring and Autumn Annals" records: This is where the Gong and Ju people concluded an alliance at Fulaishi. This is also known as Gonglai Shan. It lies west of Pixiang, hence the name Pailai Zhijian. The Fulaishi Shui flows into it; this river controls three streams on its left and converges with the Ganshui from the right before flowing into the Yishui. The Yishui River then turns south and flows past Baofeng Shan to the west. The mountain has two peaks, one li apart; their twin ridges are equally beautiful, standing round as if they were a single formation. The Yishui River turns further southeast and flows past the site of Dongguan Xian's old city to its west, where it joins with the Xiaoyi Shui. Meng Kang said: The xian was formerly called Yun Yi; this is now known as Yuntai. In the second year of Yuanshuo reign period of Emperor Wu of Han, Chengyang Gong Wang's son Ji was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Dongguan. During the Huangchu period of Wei Wen Di, it was established as Dongguan Jun. The "Dongyan Lu" refers to it as Tuancheng. Liu Wu Di, during his northern campaign against Guanggu, ascended the hill to look out for Wang Nan. ões It was the seat of Nanqing Zhou in Wei.
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| | 沂水: |
《左氏傳》曰：莒、魯爭鄆，為日久矣。今城北鄆亭是也。京相璠曰：琅邪姑幕縣南四十里員亭，故魯鄆邑，世變其字，非也。《郡國志》：東莞有鄆亭。今在團城東北四十里，猶謂之故東莞城矣。小沂水出黃孤山，西南流逕其城北，西南注于沂。沂水又南與閭山水合，水出閭山，東南流，右佩二水，總歸于沂。沂水南逕東安縣故城東，而南合時密水，水出時密山，春秋時莒地。《左傳》：莒人歸共仲于魯，及密而死是也。時密水東流，逕東安城南，漢封魯孝王子强為東安侯。密水又東南流入沂。沂水又南，桑泉水北出五女山，東南流，巨圍水注之，水出巨圍之山，東南注于桑泉水。桑泉水又東南，堂阜水入焉。其水導源堂阜，《春秋·莊公九年》，管仲請囚，鮑叔受之，及堂阜而稅之。杜預曰：東莞蒙陰縣西北有夷吾亭者是也。堂阜水又東南注桑泉水，桑泉水又東南逕蒙陰縣故城北，王莽之蒙恩也。又東南與㟬崮水合，水有二源雙會，東導一川，俗謂之汶水也。東逕蒙陰縣注桑泉水。又東南，盧川水注之，水出鹿嶺山，東南流，左則二川臻湊，右則諸葛泉源。斯奔亂流，逕城陽之盧縣，故蓋縣之盧上里也。漢武帝元朔二年，封城陽共王子劉豨為侯國，王莽更名之曰著善矣。又東南注于桑泉水。桑泉水又東南，右合蒙陰水，水出蒙山之陰，東北流，昔琅邪承宮，避亂此山，立性好仁，不與物競，人有認其黍者，捨之而去。其水又東北流入于沂。沂水又南逕陽都縣故城東，縣，故陽國也。齊同盟，齊利其地而遷之者也。漢高帝六年，封將軍丁復為侯國。沂水又南與蒙山水合，水出蒙山之陰，東流逕陽都縣南，東注沂水。沂水又左合溫水，水上承溫泉陂，而西南入于沂水者也。 |
| | The "Zuo Zhuan" says: Ju and Lu have been contending over Yun for a long time. This is now the Yuntai to the north of the city. Jing Xiangpan said: Yuan Ting, forty li south of Gu mu Xian in Langya, was the former Lu Yun Yi. The change in its name over time is incorrect. The "Jun Guo Zhi" states: Dongguan has Yuntai. It is now located forty li northeast of Tuancheng and is still called the old Dongguan Cheng. The Xiaoyi Shui originates from Huanggu Shan, flows southwest past its city to the north, and then turns southwest to join the Yishui. The Yishui River continues south and converges with Lushan Shui. The Lushan Shui originates from Lushan, flows southeast, is joined by two streams on its right side, and ultimately merges into the Yishui. The Yishui River flows south past the site of Dong'an Xian's old city on its east, and further south converges with Shimi Shui. The Shimi Shui originates from Shimi Shan, which was part of Ju territory during the Spring and Autumn period. The "Zuo Zhuan" records: The Ju people returned Gongzhong to Lu, but he died at Mi. This is the reference. The Shimi Shui flows east and passes to the south of Dong'an Cheng. In Han times, Lu Xiaowang's son Qiang was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dongan. The Mishi then flows southeast into the Yishui River. The Yishui River continues further south. The Sangquan Shui originates to the north of Wunu Shan, flows southeast, and is joined by Juwei Shui. The Juwei Shui originates from Juwei Shan and flows southeast into the Sangquan Shui. The Sangquan Shui then turns further southeast, where it is joined by Tangfu Shui. The river originates from Tangfu. In the ninth year of Duke Zhuang's reign in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," Guan Zhong requested to be imprisoned, Bao Shu accepted him, and upon reaching Tangfu, they released him. Du Yu said: This is the Yiwu Ting located in the northwest of Mengyin Xian, Dongguan. The Tangfu Shui then flows southeast into the Sangquan Shai. The Sangquan Shui continues further southeast and passes north of the site of Mengyin Xian's old city, which was known as Mengen in the Wang Mang period. Further southeast it converges with Chonggu Shui, which has two sources that join together, guiding a single stream to the east; this is commonly known as Wenshui. It flows east past Mengyin Xian and joins the Sangquan Shui. Further southeast, it is joined by Luchuan Shui. The Luchuan Shui originates from Luzhuling Shan and flows southeast; on its left are two streams converging, while on its right is Zhuge Quanyuan. These waters rush in a disorderly flow and pass through Luxian of Chengyang, which was formerly Lushang Li of Gaixian. In the second year of the Yuanshuo period of Emperor Wu, Liu Xi, a son of Gongwang of Chengyang, was enfeoffed with this marquisate. During the Wang Mang era, it was renamed Zhu Shan. It then flows southeast into Sangquan Shui. The Sangquan Shui turns further southeast and is joined on its right by Mengyin Shui. This river originates from the southern side of Mengshan, flows northeast; in ancient times, Cheng Gong of Langya took refuge here during a time of turmoil, cultivating a nature devoted to benevolence and not competing with others. When someone once claimed his millet, he let it go and left. The Yishui River once again flows south, passing to the east of the site of Yangdu Xian's old city. The xian was originally the state of Yang. It allied with Qi; this was a territory that Qi found advantageous and subsequently relocated to. In the sixth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign in Han, General Ding Fu was enfeoffed here as a marquisate. The Yishui River, flowing further south, converges with Mengshan Shui. The Mengshan Shui originates from the southern side of Montian and flows east past Yangdu Xian to its south before turning east to join the Yishui River. The Yishui River also converges on its left with Wenshui, which originates from Wenquan Bei and flows southwest into the Yishui River.
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| | 沂水: |
南過琅邪臨沂縣東，又南過開陽縣東， |
| | It flows south past the east of Linyi Xian in Langya, then further south past the east of Kaiyang Xian,
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| | 沂水: |
沂水南逕中丘城西，《春秋·隱公七年》，夏，城中丘。 |
| | The Yishui River flows to the west of Zhongqiu Cheng. In the seventh year of Duke Yin's reign in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," during summer, Zhongqiu was fortified.
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| | 沂水: |
《左傳》曰：書不時也。沂水又南逕臨沂縣故城東，《郡國志》曰：琅邪有臨沂縣，故屬東海郡，有治水注之，水出泰山南武陽縣之冠石山。 |
| | The "Zuo Zhuan" says: This is recorded because it did not follow proper timing. The Yishui River further flows south and passes to the east of Linyi xian's old city. According to the "Jun Guo Zhi": Langya has Linyi Xian, which was formerly part of Donghai Jun; it is joined by Zhishi Shui, a river originating from Guanshi Shan in Nan Wuyang Xian, Taishan.
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| | 沂水: |
《地理志》曰：冠石山，治水所出。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: Guanshi Shan is the source of Zhishi Shui.
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| | 沂水: |
應劭《地理風俗記》曰：武水出焉。蓋水異名也。東流逕蒙山下，有祠。治水又東南逕顓臾城北，《郡國志》曰：縣有顓臾城。季氏將伐之，孔子曰：昔者先王以為東蒙主，社稷之臣，何以伐之為？冉有曰：今夫顓臾固而便，近于費者也。治水又東南流，逕費縣故城南，《地理志》：東海之屬縣也，為魯季孫之邑。子路將墮之，公山弗擾師襲魯，弗克，後季氏為陽虎所執，弗擾以費畔，即是邑也。漢高帝六年，封陳賀為侯國。王莽更名之曰順從也。許慎《說文》云：沂水出東海費縣東，西入泗，從水，斤聲。呂忱《字林》亦言是矣。斯水東南所注者，沂水在西，不得言東南趣也，皆為謬矣。故世俗謂此水為小沂水。治水又東南逕祊城南。《春秋·隱公八年》，鄭伯請釋泰山之祀，而祀周公，使宛歸泰山之祊而易許田。 |
| | Ying Shao's "Ge Li Feng Su Ji" says: Wushui originates from there. This is an alternative name for the same river. It flows east past Montian, where there is a shrine. The Zhishi Shui further turns southeast and flows north of Zhuanyu Cheng. According to the "Jun Guo Zhi": The xian has Zhuanyu Cheng. The Ji family planned to attack it, and Confucius said: "In the past, the former kings appointed it as the master of Dongmeng; it is a minister of state. Why should we attack it?" Ranyou said: "Now, Zhuanyu is strong and convenient to approach; it is close to Fei." The Zhishi Shui continues southeast and flows past the southern side of Fei Xian's old city. "Dili Zhi" states: This was a subordinate county of Donghai, serving as a fief for Lu Ji Sun. Zilu planned to abandon it, but Gongshan Furiào's forces attacked Lu and failed. Later, Ji Shi was captured by Yang Hu, and Furiào rebelled with Fei; this is the same fief. In the sixth year of Emperor Gāo Dì's reign in Han, Chen He was enfeoffed here with a marquisate. During the Wang Mang period, it was renamed Shuncong. Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen" states: The Yishui originates east of Fei Xian in Donghai and flows west into Si Shui. It is written with the radical for water, and its pronunciation follows that of "jin." Lü Chen's "Zi Lin" also states this. The waters that flow southeast into it, the Yishui is to the west; thus, one cannot say they head southeast. All such statements are erroneous. Therefore, in common parlance, this river is called Xiaoyi Shui by the people. The Zhishi Shui again flows southeast and passes to the south of Bening Cheng. In the eighth year of Duke Yin's reign, according to the "Spring and Autumn Annals," Duke Zhuang of Zheng requested to abandon the sacrifices at Mount Tai in favor of those for Duke of Zhou. He sent Wan to return the sacrificial site at Bening at Mount Tai and exchange it for Xu Tian.
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| | 沂水: |
杜預《釋地》曰：祊，鄭祀泰山之邑也，在琅邪費縣東南。治水又東南流注于沂。沂水又南逕開陽縣故城東，縣，故鄅國也。《春秋左傳·昭公十八年》，邾人襲鄅，盡俘以歸，鄅子曰：余無歸矣。從孥于邾是也。後更名開陽矣。《春秋·哀公三年》，《經》書：季孫斯、叔孫州仇帥師城啟陽者是矣。縣，故琅邪郡治也。 |
| | Du Yu's "Shi Di" states: Bening was a fief of Zheng where sacrifices to Mount Tai were held, located in the southeast of Fei Xian, Langya. The Zhishi Shui then continues flowing southeast and joins the Yishui River. The Yishui River flows further south, passing to the east of Kaixiang Xian's old city; this xian was formerly the state of Yu Guo. In the eighteenth year of Duke Zhao's reign, according to "Zuo Zhuan" in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," Zhu people raided Yu, capturing all its inhabitants and taking them back. The ruler of Yu said: I have nowhere to return to. This is what it means by "following his captives to Zhu." Later, it was renamed Kaixiang. In the third year of Duke Ai's reign in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," the "Jing" records: This refers to Ji Sun Si and Shu Sun Zhou Chou leading an army to build Qi Yang. The xian was formerly the seat of Langya Jun.
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| | 沂水: |
又東過襄賁縣東，屈從縣南西流，又屈南過郯縣西， |
| | It then flows east past Xiangben Xian to the east, turns and flows west from the south of the county, then turns again further south, passing west of Tancheng.
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《魯連子》稱，陸子謂齊湣王曰：魯費之衆，臣甲舍于襄賁者也。王莽更名章信也。郯，故國也，少昊之後。《春秋·昭公十七年》，郯子朝魯，公與之宴，昭子叔孫婼問曰：少昊，鳥名官，何也？郯子曰：吾祖也，我知之矣。黃帝、炎帝以雲火紀官，太皥以龍紀，少皥瑞鳳鳥，統歷鳥官之司，議政斯在，孔子從而學焉。既而告人曰：天子失官，學在四夷者也。《竹書紀年》晉烈公四年，越子朱句滅郯，以郯子鴣歸。縣，故舊魯也，東海郡治，秦始皇以為郯郡，漢高帝二年，更從今名，即王莽之沂平者也。 |
| | According to "Lu Lian Zi," Lu Zi told King Min of Qi: The troops from Lu Fei, under my command and stationed in Xiangben. It was renamed Zhangxin during the Wang Mang period. Tancheng, an ancient state, was descended from Shaohao. In the seventeenth year of Duke Zhao's reign in the "Spring and Autumn Annals," the ruler of Tancheng paid homage to Lu. The duke hosted a banquet for him, during which Zhaozi Shusun Ruo asked: "Shao Hao named officials after birds; what does this mean?" The ruler of Tancheng replied: "My ancestor did so, and I know the reason." Huangdi and Yandi named officials after clouds and fire, Taiguo used dragons for this purpose, while Shaohao revered the phoenix bird. He established a system of governance based on birds, with discussions of state affairs conducted in such order; Confucius followed to study it. Later he told others: "The Son of Heaven has lost his officials, and now learning resides among the four barbarian regions." In the fourth year of King Liegong's reign in Jin, according to "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," Yuezi Zhuju destroyed Tancheng and brought back its ruler Gu. The xian was originally part of Lu, and served as the seat of Donghai Jun. Emperor Qin Shi Huang established it as Tancheng Jun; in the second year of Han Gao Di's reign, its name was changed to what is used today, which corresponds to Yiping during the Wang Mang period.
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又南過良城縣西，又南過下邳縣西，南入于泗。 |
| | It then flows further south past Liangcheng Xian to its west, and again turns south passing west of Xiapi Xian before flowing into Si Shui in the south.
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《春秋左傳》曰：昭公十三年，秋，晉侯會吳子于良，吳子辭水道不可以行，晉乃還是也。 |
| | The "Zuo Zhuan" of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" records: In the thirteenth year of Duke Zhao's reign, in autumn, Jin Hou met Wu Zi at Liang. Wu Zi declined, stating that the water route was impassable; thus, Jin returned without proceeding further.
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《地理志》曰：良城，王莽更名承翰矣。沂水于下邳縣北西流，分為二水，一水于城北西南入泗，一水逕城東屈從縣南，亦注泗，謂之小沂水。水上有橋，徐、泗間以為圯，昔張子房遇黃石公于圯上，即此處也。建安二年，曹操圍呂布于此，引沂、泗灌城而擒之。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: Liangcheng was renamed Chenghan during the Wang Mang period. The Yishui, flowing west of Xiapi Xian in the north, splits into two streams. One flows southwest through the northern side of the city and joins Si Shui; the other passes east of the city, turns south from the county's southern side, also joining Si Shui, known as Xiaoyi Shui. There is a bridge over the water; between Xu and Si, it is called Yi. In ancient times, Zhang Zifang met Huangshi Gong at Yishang—this was the very place. In the second year of Jianshan, Cao Cao besieged Lü Bu here and flooded the city by diverting Yishui and Sishui to capture him.
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