| | 江水: |
岷山在蜀郡氐道縣，大江所出，東南過其縣北。 |
| | Mount Min is located in Dida Xian of Shu Jun. The great river originates from there, flowing southeast past the northern part of its xian.
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| | 江水: |
岷江，即瀆山也，水曰瀆水矣。又謂之汶阜山，在徼外，江水所導也。 |
| | The Min River is also known as Dushan; the water is called Dushui. It is also called Wenfu Shan, located beyond the frontier, where the river originates.
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| | 江水: |
《益州記》曰：大江泉源，即今所聞，始發羊膊嶺下，緣崖散漫，小水百數，殆未濫觴矣。東南下百餘里至白馬嶺，而歷天彭闕，亦謂之為天彭谷也。秦昭王以李冰為蜀守，冰見氐道縣有天彭山，兩山相對，其形如闕，謂之天彭門，亦曰天彭闕。江水自此已上至微弱，所謂發源濫觴者也。漢元延中，岷山崩，壅江水，三日不流。揚雄《反離騷》云：自岷山投諸江流，以弔屈原，名曰《反騷》也。江水自天彭闕東逕汶關，而歷氐道縣北。漢武帝元鼎六年，分蜀郡北部，置汶山郡以統之，縣，本秦始皇置，後為昇遷縣也。 |
| | The Yizhou Ji says: The spring source of the great river, as known today, first emerges beneath Yangbo Ling. It follows the cliffs and spreads out, with hundreds of small streams; it is barely enough for a libation. Southeastward, after more than one hundred li downstream to Baoma Ling, it passes through Tianpeng Que, also known as the Tianpeng Valley. King Zhao of Qin appointed Li Bing as the governor of Shu. Bing observed that in Dida Xian there were Tiangpeng Shan, two mountains facing each other, whose shape resembled a gate; he called it Tianpeng Men, also known as Tianpeng Que. The river water from here upward is already weak, which is what is meant by the origin of a stream being just enough for a libation. During the Yuanyan period of Emperor Cheng of Han, Mount Min collapsed and blocked the river flow; three days passed before it resumed flowing. Yang Xiong in Fan Lishao said: "From Mount Min, he cast them into the river to mourn Qu Yuan; it was called Fansi." The river flows eastward past Wen Guan from Tianpeng Que and passes through the northern part of Dida Xian. In the sixth year of Yuanding reign period of Emperor Wu of Han, the northern part of Shu Jun was divided to establish Wenshan Jun to oversee it. The xian originally established by Qin Shi Huang later became Shengqian Xian.
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| | 江水: |
《益州記》曰：自白馬嶺回行二十餘里至龍涸，又八十里至蠶陵縣，又南下六十里至石鏡，又六十餘里而至北部，始百許步；又西百二十里至汶山故郡，乃廣二百餘步；又西南百八十里至溼坂，江稍大矣。故其精則井絡瀍曜，江、漢昞靈。 |
| | The Yizhou Ji says: From Baoma Ling, turning back for more than twenty li reaches Longhe; another eighty li brings one to Canling Xian. Then, going southward sixty li reaches Shijing, and after more than sixty li further arrives at Beibu, where the river is only about a hundred bu wide; Another one hundred twenty li westward brings one to the former Wenshan Jun, where it widens to more than two hundred bu. Then another one hundred eighty li southwestward reaches Shiban, where the river becomes somewhat larger. Thus, its essence is manifested in Jingluo and Chanyao, while the Yangtze and Han rivers display their spiritual brilliance.
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| | 江水: |
《河圖括地象》曰：岷山之精，上為井絡，帝以會昌，神以建福。 |
| | The Hetu Kuodi Xiang says: "The essence of Mount Min rises as Jingluo; emperors achieve prosperity through it, and deities bestow blessings upon it."
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| | 江水: |
故《書》曰：岷山導江。泉流深遠，盛為四瀆之首。 |
| | Hence the Shu says: "Mount Min channels the river." Its spring-fed flow is deep and far-reaching, making it preeminent among the Four Dus.
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| | 江水: |
《廣雅》曰：江，貢也。 |
| | The Guangya says: "Jiang means tribute."
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| | 江水: |
《風俗通》曰：出珍物，可貢獻。 |
| | The Fengsu Tong says: "It produces precious objects, suitable for tribute offerings."
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| | 江水: |
《釋名》曰：江，共也，小水流入其中，所公共也。東北百四十里曰崍山，中江所出，東注于大江。崍山，邛崍山也，在漢嘉嚴道縣，一曰新道南山，有九折坂，夏則凝冰，冬則毒寒，王陽按轡處也。平恒言：是中江所出矣。 |
| | The Shiming says: "Jiang means shared; small streams flow into it, which is a common channel for all." One hundred forty li northeast lies Ling Shan, from which Zhongjiang originates and flows eastward into the great river. Ling Shan is also known as Qiongling Shan, located in Yandao Xian of Hanjia. It is also called Nan Shan of Xindao; there are the Nine Turns 坂 (ban), where ice forms in summer and severe cold prevails in winter—it was the place where Wang Yang checked his horse's reins. Ping Heng said: "This is where Zhongjiang originates."
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| | 江水: |
郭景純《江賦》曰：流二江于崌、崍。又東百五十里曰崌山，北江所出，東注于大江。 |
| | Guo Jingchun in Jiang Fu says: "It flows the two rivers through Hu and Ling." Another one hundred fifty li eastward is Hushan, from which Beijiang originates and flows east into the great river.
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| | 江水: |
《山海經》曰：崌山，江水出焉，東注大江，其中多怪蛇。江水又逕汶江道，汶出徼外岷山西玉輪坂下而南行，又東逕其縣而東注于大江。故蘇代告楚曰：蜀地之甲，浮船于汶，乘夏水而下江，五日而至郢。謂是水也。又有湔水入焉，水出綿虒道，亦曰綿虒縣之玉壘山。呂忱云：一曰半浣水也，下注江。江水又東別為沱，開明之所鑿也。郭景純所謂玉壘作東別之標者也。縣，即汶山郡治，劉備之所置也。渡江有笮橋，江水又歷都安縣，縣有桃關、漢武帝祠，李冰作大堰于此，壅江作堋，堋有左右口，謂之湔堋。江入郫江、撿江以行舟。 |
| | The Shanhai Jing says: "Hushan is where the river originates, flowing east into the great river; it contains many strange snakes." The river then flows through Wenjiang Dao. Wen originates from the western Yulun Ban of Mount Min beyond the frontier and flows southward; it then turns east, passing through its xian before flowing into the great river to the east. Therefore, Su Dai informed Chu: "The armor from Shu land is loaded onto boats on the Wen River; riding the summer floods downstream to the Yangtze, it reaches Ying in five days." This refers to that river. There is also the Jian Shui flowing into it; the water originates from Mianshi Dao, also known as Yulei Shan in Mianshi Xian. Lü Chen said: "It is also called Banhuan Shui; it flows downward into the river." The river then turns eastward and branches off to form a tu, which was excavated by Kai Ming. This is what Guo Jingchun referred to as "Yulei marking the eastern branch." The xian was the seat of Wenshan Jun and was established by Liu Bei. Crossing the river is a zhe bridge. The river then passes through Duan Xian, which has Taoguan and an imperial temple of Emperor Wu of Han. Li Bing built a large weir here to block the river and create a pingle; there are left and right channels at the pingle, known as Jianping. The river enters Pi Jiang and Jian Jiang for boat navigation.
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| | 江水: |
《益州記》曰：江至都安，堰其右，撿其左，其正流遂東，郫江之右也。因山頹水，坐致竹木，以溉諸郡。又穿羊摩江、灌江，西于玉女房下白沙郵，作三石人立水中，刻要江神，水竭不至足，盛不没肩。是以蜀人旱則藉以為溉，雨則不遏其流。 |
| | The Yizhou Ji says: "When the river reaches Duan, it is dammed on the right and diverted to the left; its main current then flows eastward, forming the right side of Pi Jiang." By utilizing the collapsed mountain and water flow, bamboo and timber are transported in place to irrigate various jun. They also channeled Yangmo Jiang and Guan Jiang, westward to Baisha You beneath Yvnv Fang. They erected three stone figures in the water, carved with key symbols for river deities; when the water was low, it did not reach their feet, and when high, it did not cover their shoulders. Therefore, during droughts, Shu people relied on it for irrigation; during rain, they did not block its flow.
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| | 江水: |
故《記》曰：水旱從人，不知饑饉，沃野千里，世號陸海，謂之天府也。郵在堰上，俗謂之都安大堰，亦曰湔堰，又謂之金堤。左思《蜀都賦》云：西踰金堤者也。諸葛亮北征，以此堰農本，國之所資，以征丁千二百人主護之，有堰官。益州刺史皇甫晏至都安，屯觀坂，從事何旅曰：今所安營，地名觀坂，上觀下反，其徵不祥，不從，果為牙門張和所殺。江水又逕臨邛縣，王葬之監邛也。縣有火井、鹽水，昏夜之時，光興上照。江水又逕江原縣，王葬更名邛原也。𨞪江水出焉。江水又東北逕郫縣下，縣民有姚精者，為叛夷所殺，掠其二女，二女見夢其兄，當以明日自沈江中，喪後日當至，可伺侯之，果如所夢，得二女之屍于水，郡縣表異焉。江水又東逕成都縣，縣以漢武帝元鼎二年立。縣有二江，雙流郡下，故揚子雲《蜀都賦》：兩江珥其前者也。 |
| | Hence the Ji says: "Floods and droughts obey human control; hunger is unknown. A fertile plain of a thousand li, known in later generations as Lu Hai, called the Land of Abundance." The you is located above the weir; commonly known as Duan Da Yan, also called Jianyan, and sometimes referred to as Jinti. Zuo Si in Shudu Fu says: "Crossing the western Jin Di." When Zhuge Liang campaigned northward, he regarded this weir as fundamental to agriculture and essential for the state. He assigned 1,200 laborers to maintain it and established a dedicated weir official. When the Inspector of Yizhou Jun Huangfu Yan arrived at Duan, he stationed troops at Guan Ban. His subordinate He Lü said: "The current encampment is located on a site named Guan Ban; 'Guan' above and 'Fan' below—this omen is inauspicious." Disregarding the warning, Huangfu Yan was indeed killed by Yamen Zhang He. The river then flows through Linqiong Xian, where Wang Zang's Jiqiong is located. The xian has a fire well and brine water; during dusk or night, the light rises upward to illuminate. The river then flows through Jiangyuan Xian, renamed Qiongyuan by Wang Zang. The Lianjiang originates from there. The river then flows northeast through the lower part of Pi Xian. Among the xian's people was Yao Jing, who was killed by rebellious Yi tribesmen; his two daughters were captured. The two daughters appeared in a dream to their brother, saying: "Tomorrow we will drown ourselves in the river. Our bodies should arrive the day after tomorrow; you may wait for them." As predicted in the dream, they found the two girls' corpses in the water, and the jun and xian authorities reported this as an extraordinary event. The river then flows east through Chengdu Xian, which was established in the second year of Yuanding period of Emperor Wu of Han. The xian has two rivers, flowing beneath Shuangliu Jun; hence Yang Ziyun in Shudu Fu says: "Two rivers adorn its front."
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| | 江水: |
《風俗通》曰：秦昭王使李冰為蜀守，開成都兩江，溉田萬頃。江神歲取童女二人為婦，冰以其女與神為婚，徑至神祠勸神酒，酒杯恒澹澹，冰厲聲以責之，因忽不見，良久，有兩牛鬬于江岸旁，有間，冰還，流汗謂官屬曰：吾鬬大亟，當相助也。南向腰中正白者，我綬也。主簿刺殺北面者，江神遂死，蜀人慕其氣決，凡壯健者，因名冰兒也。秦惠王二十七年，遣張儀與司馬錯等滅蜀，遂置蜀郡焉，王葬改之曰導江也。儀築成都，以象咸陽。晉太康中，蜀郡為王國，更為成都內史，益州刺史治。 |
| | The Fengsu Tong says: "King Zhao of Qin sent Li Bing to serve as governor of Shu, who excavated the two rivers in Chengdu and irrigated ten thousand qing of farmland." Each year, the river deity took two young girls as his wife. Bing offered his own daughter to marry the deity and went directly to the deity's shrine with wine to persuade him. The wine cup always remained still. Bing loudly reprimanded it, whereupon the deity suddenly disappeared. After a long while, two oxen were seen fighting by the riverbank. Soon after, Bing returned, sweating, and told his officials: "I fought fiercely; you should help me." The one facing south with a white sash in the middle of its waist is my shou. The chief clerk killed the one facing north, and thus the river deity died. The people of Shu admired Bing's decisiveness; henceforth, all strong and healthy boys were named Bing'er. In the twenty-seventh year of King Hui of Qin, Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo were sent to conquer Shu; they then established Shu Jun. Wang Zang later renamed it Daojiang. Yi built Chengdu in the image of Xianyang. During the Taikang period of Jin, Shu Jun became a kingdom and was renamed Chengdu Neishi; it served as the seat of the Inspector of Yizhou.
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| | 江水: |
《地理風俗記》曰：華陽黑水惟梁州。漢武帝元朔二年，改梁曰益州，以新啓犍為、牂柯、越巂，州之疆壤益廣，故稱益云。初治廣漢之雒縣，後乃徙此。 |
| | The Dili Fengsu Ji says: "Huayang and Heishui belong to Liang Zhou." In the second year of Yuanshuo period of Emperor Wu of Han, Liang was renamed Yizhou because new commanderies—Qianwei, Zangke, and Yuegui—were established, greatly expanding the territory; thus it was called Yi. Initially its seat was Lu Xian of Guanghan Jun, but later it was moved here.
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| | 江水: |
故李固《與弟圄書》曰：固今年五十七，鬢髮已白，所謂容身而遊，滿腹而去，周觀天下，獨未見益州耳。昔嚴夫子常言：經有五，涉其四；州有九，遊其八。欲類此子矣。初，張儀築城取土處，去城十里，因以養魚，今萬頃池是也。城北又有龍堤池，城東有千秋池，西有柳池，西北有天井池，津流徑通，冬夏不竭。西南兩江有七橋，直西門郫江上曰沖治橋，西南石牛門曰市橋，吳漢入蜀，自廣都令輕騎先往焚之，橋下謂之石犀淵。李冰昔作石犀五頭以厭水精，穿石犀，渠于南江，命之曰犀牛里。後轉犀牛二頭，一頭在府市市橋門，一頭沈之于淵也。大城南門曰江橋，橋南曰萬里橋，西上曰夷里橋，下曰笮橋。南岸道東有文學，始，文翁為蜀守，立講堂，作石室于南城。永初後，學堂遇火，後守更增二石室，後州奪郡學，移夷星橋南岸道東。道西城，故錦官也。言錦工織錦，則濯之江流，而錦至鮮明，濯以他江，則錦色弱矣。遂命之為錦里也。蜀有迴復水，江神嘗溺殺人，文翁為守，祠之，勸酒不盡，拔劒擊之，遂不為害。江水東逕廣都縣，漢武帝元朔二年置，王莽之就都亭也。李冰識察水脈，穿縣鹽井。江西有望川原，鑿山崖度水，結諸陂池，故盛養生之饒，即南江也。又從沖治橋北折，曰長昇橋，城北十里曰昇僊橋，有送客觀，司馬相如將入長安，題其門曰：不乘高車駟馬，不過汝下也。後入邛蜀，果如志焉。李冰沿水造橋，上應七宿，故世祖謂吳漢曰：安軍宜在七橋連星間。漢自廣都乘勝進逼成都，與其副劉尚南北相望，夾江為營，浮橋相對。公孫述使謝豐揚軍市橋，出漢後襲破，漢墜馬落水，緣馬尾得出入壁，命將夜潛渡江，就尚擊豐，斬之于是水之陰。江北則左對繁田，文翁又穿湔㳛以溉灌繁田千七百頃。湔水又東絶綿洛，逕五城界至廣都北岸，南入于江，謂之五城水口，斯為北江。江水又東至南安為璧玉津，故左思云：東越玉津也。 |
| | Therefore, Li Gu in Letter to His Younger Brother Yu said: "Gu is now fifty-seven years old; his temples and hair are already white. As the saying goes, 'to travel with a body that can bear it, to leave full of knowledge,' I have traveled throughout the world, yet alone have not seen Yizhou." In the past, Master Yan once said: "There are five classics; I have studied four of them;" "Of nine states, I have traveled eight." He wished to be like this man. Initially, Zhang Yi excavated earth for building the city; the site is ten li from the city and was used to raise fish—this is now Wanqing Chi. To the north of the city is Longdi Chi; to the east, Qianqiu Chi; to the west, Liu Chi; and to the northwest, Tianjing Chi. The waterways are interconnected, flowing unceasingly through winter and summer. The two rivers to the southwest have seven bridges. Directly on the western gate of Pi Jiang is Chongzhi Qiao; at Shiniu Men in the southwest is Shi Qiao. When Wu Han entered Shu, he sent a light cavalry unit from Guangdu Commandery ahead to burn it. The area beneath the bridge is called Shixi Yuan. In the past, Li Bing created five stone xis to subdue the water spirits. He carved a stone xi and channeled it into Nan Jiang; he named this area Xiniu Li. Later, two stone xis were moved: one was placed at the gate of Shi Qiao Men in Fu Shi; the other was submerged into the depths. The southern gate of the great city is Jiang Qiao; south of the bridge is Wanli Qiao. Going westward upward is Yili Qiao, and downward is Zhe Qiao. To the east of Nan'an Dao lies Wenxue. Initially, when Wen Weng served as governor of Shu, he established a lecture hall and built stone chambers in the southern city. After Yongchu, the school hall was destroyed by fire; later governors added two more stone chambers. Later, the jun took over the xian school and moved it to the east side of Nan'an Dao at Yixing Qiao. To the west of the road is an old city wall, formerly known as Jin Guan. It is said that when silk weavers produce brocade, they rinse it in the river flow, and the brocade becomes especially vivid; if rinsed in other rivers, the color of the brocade weakens. Thus, it was named Jinli. Shu had a river with returning currents; the river deity once drowned and killed people. When Wen Weng became governor, he made an offering to it. After presenting wine that was not finished drinking, he drew his sword and struck it, after which the deity no longer caused harm. The river flows east through Guangdu Xian, established in the second year of the Yuanshuo reign period of Emperor Wu. It was known as Jiudou Ting during Wang Mang's rule. Li Bing identified and examined the water veins, drilling brine wells in the xian. To the west of the river is Wangchuan Yuan; by excavating mountain cliffs and channeling water, they constructed numerous ponds and reservoirs. Thus, it became rich in resources for sustaining life—this refers to Nan Jiang. From Chongzhi Qiao, it turns northward to Changsheng Qiao. Ten li north of the city is Shengxian Qiao, where there was a Songke Guan. When Sima Xiangru was about to depart for Chang'an, he inscribed his gate with: "If I do not ride in a high carriage drawn by four horses, I will never pass beneath your gate." Later, when entering Qiong and Shu, it indeed came to fruition as he had intended. Li Bing built bridges along the river, corresponding with seven constellations; therefore, Emperor Shizu told Wu Han: "The army should be stationed between the Seven Bridges and the connected stars." Wu Han, advancing from Guangdu on the momentum of victory, pressed toward Chengdu. With his deputy Liu Shang, they faced each other to the north and south, setting up camps along both sides of the river with floating bridges opposite one another. Gongsun Shu sent Xie Feng to launch a surprise attack from Shi Qiao, striking behind Wu Han's forces and breaking through. Wu Han fell off his horse into the water but managed to climb out by holding onto the horse's tail and returned to the fortress. He ordered his generals to secretly cross the river at night and joined Liu Shang in attacking Feng, killing him on the southern bank of this river. To the north of the river lies Fantiandi to the left; Wen Weng also excavated Jian Shui to irrigate 1,700 qing of farmland in Fantiandi. Jian Shui then flows east, crossing Mianluo, passing through Wucheng boundary to reach the northern bank of Guangdu. It enters the river from the south here; this is called Wucheng Shuikou and is known as Beijiang. The river then flows east to Nan'an, where it becomes Biyu Jin; hence Zuo Si said: "Crossing the eastern Yujin."
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| | 江水: |
又東南過犍為武陽縣，青衣水、沫水從西南來，合而注之。 |
| | Then southeastward, it passes through Wu Yang Xian of Qianwei; Qingyi Shui and Mo Shui flow in from the southwest to join and pour into it.
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| | 江水: |
縣，故大夜郎國，漢武帝建元六年開置郡縣。太初四年，益州刺史任安城武陽，王莽更名，郡曰西順，縣曰戢成，光武謂之士大夫郡。有𨞪江入焉，出江原縣，首受大江，東南流至武陽縣注于江。縣下江上，舊有大橋，廣一里半，謂之安漢橋。水盛歲壞，民苦治功，後太守李嚴鑿天社山，尋江通道，此橋遂廢。縣有赤水，下注江。建安二十九年，有黃龍見此水，九日方去。此縣藉江為大堰，開六水門，用灌郡下。北山，昔者王喬所升之山也。江水又與文井江會，李冰所導也。自莋道與濛溪分水，至蜀郡臨邛縣與布僕水合，水出徼外成都西沈黎郡，漢武帝元封四年，以蜀郡西部邛莋邛，理旄牛道，天漢四年置都尉，主外羌，在邛崍山表。自蜀西度邛莋，其道至險，有弄棟八渡之難，揚母閣路之阻。水從縣西布僕來，分為二流，一水逕其道，又東逕臨邛縣，入文井水。文井水又東逕江原縣，縣濱文井江，江上有常氏堤，跨四十里。有朱亭，亭南有青城山，山上有嘉穀，山下有蹲鴟，即芋也。所謂下有蹲鴟，至老不饑，卓氏之所以樂遠徙也。文井江又東至武陽縣天社山下入江。其一水南逕越巂邛都縣西，東南至雲南郡之青蛉縣，入于僕。郡本雲川地也，蜀建興三年置。僕水又南逕永昌郡邪龍縣，而與貪水合。水出青蛉縣，上承青蛉水，逕葉榆縣，又東南至邪龍入于僕。僕水又逕寧州建寧郡。州，故庲降都督屯，故南人謂之屯下，劉禪建興三年，分益州郡置。歷雙柏縣，即水入焉。水出秦臧縣牛蘭山，南流至雙柏縣，東注僕水。又東至來唯縣入勞水，水出徼外，東逕其縣與僕水合。僕水東至交州交趾郡𥹆泠縣，南流入于海。江水自武陽東至彭亡聚，昔岑彭與吳漢溯江水入蜀，軍次是地，知而惡之，會日暮不移，遂為刺客所害。謂之平模水，亦曰外水。此地有彭冢，言彭祖冢焉。江水又東南逕南安縣西，有熊耳峽，連山競險，接嶺爭高，漢河平中，山崩地震，江水逆流，懸溉有灘，名壘坻，亦曰鹽溉，李冰所平也。縣治青衣江會，衿帶二水矣，即蜀王開明故治也。 |
| | The xian was formerly the state of Dayue Lang; Emperor Wu established a jun and xians there in the sixth year of Jianyuan. In the fourth year of Taichu, the Inspector of Yizhou, Ren An, built a city at Wuyang. Wang Mang later renamed the jun Xishun and the xian Jicheng; Emperor Guangwu referred to it as "the Jun of Scholars." There is the Lianjiang flowing into it, originating from Jiangyuan Xian. It first receives water from the great river and flows southeast to Wuyang Xian before joining the river again. At the lower part of the xian by the river, there was an old large bridge one and a half li wide; it was called Anhan Qiao. Each year during high water, the bridge would be damaged; the people suffered from its maintenance. Later, Governor Li Yan excavated Tiasha Shan and followed a channel along the river; this bridge was then abandoned. The xian has Chishui, which flows downward into the river. In the twenty-ninth year of Jianshan, a yellow dragon appeared in this water and remained for nine days before departing. This xian relies on the river to build a large weir, opening six sluice gates to irrigate the jun area. Beishan is the mountain where Wang Qiao once ascended. The river then converges with Wenjing Jiang, which was guided by Li Bing. Starting from Zuo Dao, where it diverges from Mengxi Shui, to Linqiong Xian of Shu Jun, where it converges with Bupu Shui. The water originates beyond the frontier at Chengdu's western Shenli Jun. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu of Han established governance over Qiongzuo and Qiong in the western part of Shu Jun to manage Maoniu Dao. In the fourth year of Tianhan, a Duwei was stationed there to oversee the outer Qiang people, located on the surface of Qionglai Shan. From the western part of Shu through Qiongzuo, the road is extremely perilous; it includes the difficulties of Longdong Ba Du and the obstacles along Yangmu Ge Lu. The water comes from Bupu to the west of the xian, splitting into two streams. One stream passes through its route and then flows eastward past Linqiong Xian before entering Wenjing Shui. Wenjing Shui then flows eastward through Jiangyuan Xian, which borders Wenjing Jiang. There is a Chang Shi dike across the river spanning forty li. There is Zhu Ting, and to the south of the pavilion is Qingcheng Shan. On the mountain there are fine grains; beneath it live dunchi, which are yu (taro). This is what is meant by "below there are dunchi; even in old age, one does not suffer from hunger"—the reason Zhuo Shi was willing to move far away. Wenjing Jiang then flows eastward again and enters the river at Tiasha Shan in Wuyang Xian. The other stream flows southward through the west of Qiongdu Xian in Yuegui, then southeast to Qingling Xian of Yunnan Jun, where it joins Bupu Shui. The jun was originally part of Yunchuan territory; it was established in the third year of Jianxing under the Shu dynasty. Bupu Shui then flows southward through Yelong Xian of Yongchang Jun, where it converges with Tanshui. Tanshui originates from Qingling Xian, receiving water upstream from Qingling Shui. It flows through Yeyu Xian and then southeast to Yelong, where it joins Bupushui. Bupushui then passes through Ningzhou Jianning Jun. The zhou was originally the garrison of Zhanjiang Dudu; therefore, southerners called it Tun Xia. Liu Chan established it in the third year of Jianxing by dividing Yizhou Jun. It passes through Shuangbai Xian, where water flows into it. The water originates from Niulan Shan in Qinzang Xian and flows southward to Shuangbai Xian before turning eastward into Bupushui. Then it flows further east to Laiwei Xian, where it enters Laoshui. Laoshui originates beyond the frontier and flows eastward through its xian before converging with Bupushui. Bupushui flows east to Jiaozhou Jiaozhi Jun's Ling Xian, then turns southward and empties into the sea. The river flows from Wuyang eastward to Pengwang Ju. In the past, Cen Peng and Wu Han traveled upriver into Shu; when their army camped at this location, they became aware of a danger and disliked it. However, as night fell, they did not move and were consequently killed by assassins. It is called Pingmu Shui; it is also known as Waishui. There is a Peng Zhong at this location, said to be the tomb of Peng Zu. The river then flows southeast past the west of Nan'an Xian. There is Xiong'er Xia, where mountains rise in succession and peaks compete for height. During the middle years of Han Heping, a mountain collapsed and an earthquake occurred; the river reversed its flow, creating a suspended irrigation area with rapids named Leidi, also called Yangei, which was leveled by Li Bing. The xian seat is where Qingyi Jiang converges; it controls two rivers and marks the former capital of King Kai Ming of Shu.
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| | 江水: |
來敏《本蜀論》曰：荊人鄨令死，其屍隨水上，荊人求之不得，令至汶山下復生，起，見望帝，望帝者，杜宇也。從天下。女子朱利，自江源出為宇妻，遂王于蜀，號曰望帝，望帝立以為相。時巫山峽而蜀水不流，帝使令鑿巫峽通水，蜀得陸處。望帝自以德不若，遂以國禪，號曰開明。縣南有峨眉山，有濛水，即大渡水也。水發蒙溪，東南流與涐水合，水出徼外，逕汶江道。呂忱曰：渽水出蜀。許慎以為涐水也，出蜀汶江徼外，從水，我聲。南至南安入大渡水，大渡水又東入江。 |
| | Lai Min's "Ben Shu Lun" says: A certain official of Jing, named Bi Ling, died; his corpse floated upstream. The people of Jing could not find it, but the official was found again at Wenshan and revived. He arose, met Wangdi, who was Du Yu. He followed him from under heaven. A woman named Zhuli came from Jiangyuan and became Du Yu's wife; she then ruled in Shu, taking the title Wangdi. Wangdi appointed her as his prime minister. At that time, Wushan Xia blocked the river and Shu's water did not flow. The emperor sent Bi Ling to excavate Wuxia to open a passage for the water; thus, Shu gained habitable land. Wangdi considered his virtue inferior and therefore ceded the kingdom, taking the title Kai Ming. To the south of the xian is Emei Shan; there is Meng Shui, which is also called Duda Shui. The water originates from Mengxi and flows southeast to converge with E Shui, which comes from beyond the frontier and passes through Wenjiang Dao. Lü Chen said: E Shui originates in Shu. Xu Shen believed it to be E Shui, originating beyond the frontier of Wenjiang in Shu; its character is composed with the radical for water and the phonetic component "wo." It flows south to Nan'an, where it joins Dada Shui. Dada Shui then turns eastward and enters the river.
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| | 江水: |
故《山海經》曰：濛水出漢陽，西入江灄陽西。 |
| | Therefore, the "Shan Hai Jing" says: Meng Shui originates from Hanyang and flows westward into the river at Xiyang to the west.
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| | 江水: |
又東南過僰道縣北，若水、淹水合從西來注之；又東，渚水北流注之。 |
| | Then southeastward past the north of Buda Xian, Ruoshui and Yanshui converge from the west to flow into it; Further east, Zhushui flows northward and joins it.
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| | 江水: |
縣，本僰人居之。 |
| | The xian was originally inhabited by the Bu people.
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| | 江水: |
《地理風俗記》曰：夷中最仁，有仁道，故字從人。《秦紀》所謂僰僮之富者也。其邑，高后六年城之。漢武帝感相如之言，使縣令南通僰道，費功無成。唐蒙南入斬之，乃鑿石開閣，以通南中，迄于建寧，二千餘里，山道廣丈餘，深三四丈，其塹鑿之迹猶存，王莽更曰僰治也。山多猶猢，似猴而短足，好遊巖樹，一騰百步，或三百丈，順往倒返，乘空若飛。縣有蜀王兵蘭，其神作大難，江中崖峻阻險，不可穿鑿，李冰乃積薪燒之，故其處懸巖，猶有五色焉。赤白照水玄黃，魚從僰來，至此而止，言畏崖嶼，不更上也。 |
| | "The Ge Li Feng Su Ji" says: Among the Yi, they were most benevolent; there was Ren Dao, hence their name includes the character for "person." This is what the "Qin Ji" refers to as the wealth of Bu Tong. Its yi was walled in the sixth year of Gaohou. Emperor Wu of Han, moved by Zang Jiang's words, sent a xian ling to the south to connect with Budao, but the project consumed great effort without success. Tang Meng entered the south and subdued them, then carved through stone to build a passageway to connect with Nanzhong, reaching as far as Jianning. The mountain road stretched over two thousand li; it was more than one zhang wide and three or four zhang deep. Traces of this excavation still remain. Wang Mang renamed it Bu Zhi. The mountains are full of Youhu, which resemble monkeys but have short legs. They enjoy climbing rocks and trees; with one leap they can cover a hundred bu or even three hundred zhang. They move forward smoothly and return in reverse, gliding through the air as if flying. The xian has Shu Wang Binglan, whose deity caused great difficulties. The cliffs along the river were steep and perilous, making excavation impossible. Li Bing therefore piled up firewood to burn through it; thus, in that area, the overhanging cliffs still display five colors. Red and white light shines on the water with shades of black, yellow; fish coming from Bu stop here, for they fear the cliffs and islets and do not proceed further.
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| | 江水: |
《益部耆舊傳》曰：張真妻，黃氏女也，名帛。真乘船覆没，求尸不得，帛至没處灘頭，仰天而歎，遂自沉淵，積十四日，帛持真手于灘下出。時人為說曰：符有先絡，僰道有張帛者也。江水又與符黑水合，水出寧州南廣郡南廣縣，縣，故犍為之屬縣也。漢武帝太初元年置，劉禪延熙中，分以為郡。導源汾關山，北流，有大涉水注之，水出南廣縣，北流注符黑水，又北逕僰道入江，謂之南廣口。渚水則未聞也。 |
| | "The Yi Bu Qi Jiu Zhuan" says: Zhang Zhen's wife was the daughter of a woman surnamed Huang, named Bo. Zhen's boat capsized and sank, but his body could not be found. Bo went to the shoal where he had drowned, looked up to heaven and sighed, then threw herself into the depths. After fourteen days, Bo emerged from beneath the shoals holding Zhen's hand. At that time people said: Fu You Xianluo refers to Zhang Bo of Budao. The river then converges with Fuheshui, which originates from Nan Guang Xian of Ningzhou Nanguang Jun. This xian was formerly a subordinate county of Jianwei. It was established in the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu of Han; during the Yanyi period of Liu Chan, it was divided to form a jun. It originates from Fanguan Shan and flows northward, with Dasheshui flowing into it. Dasheshui comes from Nan Guang Xian and flows north to join Fuheshui; then further north through Budao before entering the river, where it is called Nanguang Kou. As for Zhushui, there has been no record of it.
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| | 江水: |
又東過江陽縣南，洛水從三危山，東過廣魏洛縣南，東南注之。 |
| | Then eastward past the south of Jiangyang Xian, Luoshui originates from Sanwei Shan and flows east past Guangwei Luo Xian to the south before turning southeast to join it.
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| | 江水: |
洛水出洛縣漳山，亦言出梓潼縣柏山。 |
| | Luoshui originates from Zhang Shan in Luo Xian; some also say it comes from Bai Shan in Zitong Xian.
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| | 江水: |
《山海經》曰：三危在燉煌南，與㟭山相接，山南帶黑水。又《山海經》不言洛水所導，《經》曰出三危山，所未詳。常璩云：李冰導洛通山水，流發瀑口，逕什邡縣，漢高帝六年，封雍齒為侯國，王莽更名曰美信也。洛水又南逕洛縣故城南，廣漢郡治也。漢高祖之為漢王也，發巴渝之士，北定三秦，六年乃分巴蜀，置廣漢郡于乘鄉，王莽之就都，縣曰吾雒也。漢安帝元初二年，移治涪城，後治洛縣。先是洛縣城南，每陰雨常有哭聲，聞于府中，積數十年，沛國陳寵為守，以亂世多死亡，暴骸不葬故也，及悉收葬之，哭聲遂絶。劉備自將攻洛，龐士元中流矢死于此。益州舊以蜀郡、廣漢、犍為為三蜀，土地沃美，人士雋乂，一州稱望。縣有沈鄉，去江七里，姜士遊之所居。詩至孝，母好飲江水，嗜魚膾，常以雞鳴溯流汲江，子坐取水溺死，婦恐姑知，稱託遊學，冬夏衣服，寔投江流。于是至孝上通，涌泉出其舍側，而有江之甘焉。詩有田，濱江澤鹵，泉流所溉，盡為沃野。又湧泉之中，旦旦常出鯉魚一雙，以膳焉。可謂孝悌發于方寸，徽美著于無窮者也。洛水又南逕新都縣，蜀有三都，謂成都、廣都，此其一焉。與綿水合，水西出綿竹縣，又與湔水合，亦謂之郫江也，又言是涪水。呂忱曰：一曰湔。然此二水俱與洛會矣。又逕犍為牛鞞縣為牛鞞水，昔羅尚乘牛鞞水東征李雄，謂此水也。縣以漢武帝永封二年置，又東逕資中縣，又逕漢安縣，謂之綿水也。自上諸縣，咸以溉灌。故語曰：綿洛為没沃也。綿水至江陽縣方山下入江，謂之綿水口，亦曰中水。江陽縣枕帶雙流，據江、洛會也。漢景帝六年，封趙相蘇嘉為侯國，江陽郡治也。故犍為枝江都尉，建安十八年，劉璋立。江中有大闕、小闕焉。季春之月，則黃龍堆没，闕乃平也。昔世祖微時，過江陽縣，有一子，望氣者言，江陽有貴兒象，王莽求之而獠殺之。後世祖怨，為子立祠于縣，謫其民，罰布數世。 |
| | The "Shan Hai Jing" says: Sanwei is located south of Dunhuang, connecting with Kui Shan; the southern part of this mountain borders Heishui. Furthermore, the "Shan Hai Jing" does not mention where Luoshui originates; it merely states that it comes from Sanwei Shan, which remains unclear. Chang Qu said: Li Bing guided Luoshui through the mountains, with water flowing from Baoku, passing through Shifang Xian. In the sixth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign, Yang Chi was enfeoffed as marquis here; Wang Mang later renamed it Meixin. Luoshui then flows south past the southern side of the old city of Luo Xian, which was the seat of Guanghan Jun. When Emperor Gao Zu was still King of Han, he mobilized soldiers from Ba and Yu to the north to pacify the Three Qins. In the sixth year, he divided Ba and Shu and established Guanghan Jun at Chengxiang; during Wang Mang's reign, it became Jiudu Xian, with the county renamed Wulu. In the second year of Yuanchu under Emperor Andi, the seat was moved to Fucheng; later it was relocated to Luo Xian. Previously, in the southern part of Luo Xian's city walls, there were often cries heard during overcast or rainy days, audible within the government offices. This had continued for several decades. When Pei Guo Chen Chong became governor, he believed that in times of chaos many people died and their remains lay unburied; thus, he collected all the bones and buried them properly, after which the crying ceased. Liu Bei personally led an attack on Luo, where Pang Shiyuan was struck by an arrow and died here. Yizhou used to regard Shu Jun, Guanghan, and Jianwei as the Three Shus; their land was fertile and beautiful, and its people were outstanding and virtuous, making it a distinguished region in the state. The xian has Shen Xiang, seven li away from the river; it is where Jiang Shiyou once lived. Shi was extremely filial. His mother loved to drink river water and craved fish slices. Shi often went upstream at the crow of the rooster to fetch water from the river, but his son sat in the water and drowned. Shi's wife feared her mother-in-law would find out, so she falsely claimed he had gone away for studies; through winter and summer, she actually cast his clothes into the river current. At this point, Shi's filial devotion reached heaven; a spring suddenly gushed forth beside his house, yielding water as sweet as that of the river. Shi had fields bordering a saline marsh by the river; the spring's flow irrigated them, transforming all into fertile land. Moreover, from this gushing spring, a pair of carp emerged every day for food. This can truly be said to reflect filial piety and fraternal respect arising from the heart, with virtue and beauty enduring endlessly. Luoshui then flows further south through Xindu Xian. Shu had three "dus," namely Chengdu, Guangdu, and this is the third one. It converges with Mianshui, which originates to the west of Mianzhu Xian and also merges with Jianshui; this is also called Pijiang. Some say it is Fushui as well. Lü Chen said: It is also known as Jian. However, these two streams both converge with Luoshui. It then flows through Niu Pi Xian of Jianwei, where it becomes Niupi Shui. In the past, Luo Shang traveled eastward along Niupi Shui to campaign against Li Xiong; this refers to that waterway. The xian was established in the second year of Yongfeng under Emperor Wu. Further east, it flows through Zizhong Xian and then through Hengan Xian, where it is known as Mianshui. From the upper xians mentioned above, all rely on irrigation from this water. Hence, there is a saying: "Mian and Luo waters make fertile land." Mianshui enters the river at Fangshan in Jiangyang Xian; this confluence is called Mianshuikou, also known as Zhongshui. Jiangyang Xian is bordered by two streams and situated at the confluence of the river and Luoshui. In the sixth year of Emperor Jingdi's reign, Zhao Xiang Su Jia was enfeoffed here as marquis; this was the seat of Jiangyang Jun. Previously, Jianwei Zhijiang Duwei governed it; in the eighteenth year of Jianshan, Liu Zhang established this office. There are Daque and Xiaoque within the river. In the third month of spring, yellow dragons pile up in the water, causing the quē to become level. In ancient times, when Emperor Shizu was still obscure, he passed through Jiangyang Xian and had a son. A diviner observed the air and said there was an omen of a noble child in Jiangyang; Wang Mang sought him out, but the Liang people killed him. Later, Emperor Shizu harbored resentment and built a shrine for his son in the xian; he punished its people, imposing cloth taxes on them for several generations.
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| | 江水: |
揚雄《琴清英》曰：尹吉甫子伯奇至孝，後母譖之，自投江中，衣苔帶藻，忽夢見水仙，賜其美藥，思惟養親，揚聲悲歌，船人聞之而學之，吉甫聞船人之聲，疑似伯奇，援琴作《子安之操》。江水逕漢安縣北，縣雖迫山川，土地特美，蠶桑魚鹽家有焉。江水東逕樊石灘，又逕大附灘，頻歷二險也。 |
| | Yang Xiong's "Qin Qing Ying" says: Yin Jifu's son Boqi was extremely filial, but his stepmother slandered him. He threw himself into the river; his clothes were covered with moss and algae. Suddenly he dreamed of a water deity who gave him fine medicine. Thinking about supporting his parents, he sang sorrowfully, and boatmen heard it and learned to sing it. When Yin Jifu heard the song sung by the boatmen, he suspected it was Boqi's voice; thus, he took up the qin and composed "Zian Zhi Cao." The river flows north of Hengan Xian. Though the xian is constrained by mountains and rivers, its land is especially fertile; every household has silkworms, mulberry trees, fish, and salt. The river flows east through Fanshi Tan and then Dafu Tan; it frequently passes through these two perilous rapids.
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| | 江水: |
又東過符縣北邪東南，鰼部水從符關東北注之。 |
| | Then further east, past the northeast of Fuxian to the southeast, Xibu Shui flows in from the northeast of Fu Guan.
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| | 江水: |
縣，故巴夷之地也。漢武帝建元六年，以唐蒙為中郎將，從萬人出巴符關者也。元鼎二年立，王莽之符信矣。縣治安樂水會，水源南通寧州平夷郡鼈縣，北逕安樂縣界之東，又逕符縣下，北入江。縣長趙祉遣吏先尼和，以永建元年十二月，詣巴郡，没死成湍灘，子賢求喪不得，女絡年二十五歲，有二子，五歲以還，至二年二月十五日，尚不得喪，絡乃乘小船至父没處，哀哭自沈，見夢告賢曰：至二十一日與父俱出。至日，父子果浮出江上。郡縣上言，為之立碑，以旌孝誠也。其鰼部之水，所未聞矣。或是水之殊目，非所究也。 |
| | This xian was formerly land inhabited by the Ba Yi people. In the sixth year of Jianyuan during Emperor Wu's reign, Emperor Han Wudi appointed Tang Meng as Zhonglangjiang and dispatched ten thousand men to depart from Bafu Guan. It was established in the second year of Yuanding, which is Wang Mang's Fuxin. The xian seat is located at the confluence of Anle Shui. The source of this river flows southward to Pingyi Jun, Bie Xian in Ning Zhou; it flows north through the eastern boundary of Anle Xian, then passes below Fuxian and enters the river from the north. The xian cháng Zhao Zhi sent an official, Xian Nihe, who in the first month of December in the first year of Yongjian went to Ba Jun. He died at Chengtuan Tan and was lost. His son Xian sought his body but could not find it. His daughter Luo, twenty-five years old with two sons under five, by February 15th of the second year still had not found her father's remains. Luo then took a small boat to where her father died, mournfully cried and drowned herself. She appeared in a dream to Xian and said: "On the twenty-first day, I will emerge with my father." On that day, both father and son indeed floated up from the river. The jun xian submitted a report to the court, requesting a stele be erected in their honor, to commend their filial piety and sincerity. Its Xibu Shui is unheard of. Perhaps it is a special name for the water, but I will not pursue its details.
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| | 江水: |
又東北至巴郡江州縣東，强水、涪水、漢水、白水、宕渠水，五水合，南流注之。 |
| | Then flowing northeast to the east of Jiangzhou Xian, Ba Jun, Qiang Shui, Fu Shui, Han Shui, Bai Shui, and Dangqu Shui converge; these five rivers flow southward into it.
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| | 江水: |
强水，即羌水也。宕渠水，即潛水、渝水矣。巴水出晉昌郡宣漢縣巴嶺山，郡隸梁州，晉太康中立，治漢中。縣南去郡八百餘里，故屬巴渠。西南流歷巴中，逕巴郡故城南，李嚴所築大城北，西南入江。庾仲雍所謂江州縣對二水口，右則涪內水，左則蜀外水。即是水也。江州縣，故巴子之都也。《春秋·桓公九年》，巴子使韓服告楚，請與鄧好是也。及七國稱王，巴亦王焉。秦惠王遣張儀等救苴侯于巴，儀貪巴、苴之富，因執其王以歸，而置巴郡焉，治江州。漢獻帝初平元年，分巴為三郡于江州，則永寧郡治也。至建安六年，劉璋納蹇胤之訟，復為巴郡，以嚴顏為守。顏見先主入蜀，歎曰：獨坐窮山，放虎自衛，此即拊心處也。漢世郡治江州，巴水北，北府城是也。後乃徙南城。劉備初以江夏費觀為太守，領江州都督。後都護李嚴更城，周十六里，造蒼龍、白虎門，求以五郡為巴州治，丞相諸葛亮不許，竟不果。地勢側險，皆重屋累居，數有火害，又不相容，結舫水居者五百餘家。承二江之會，夏水增盛，壞散顛没，死者無數。縣有官橘、官荔枝園，夏至則熟，二千石常設廚膳，命士大夫共會樹下食之。縣北有稻田，出御米也。縣下又有清水穴，巴人以此水為粉，則皜曜鮮芳，貢粉京師，因名粉水，故世謂之為江州墮林粉，粉水亦謂之為粒水矣。江之北岸，有塗山，南有夏禹廟、塗君祠，廟銘存焉。常璩、瘐仲雍竝言禹娶于此。余案羣書，咸言禹娶在壽春當塗，不于此也。 |
| | Qiang Shui is the same as Qiang Shui. Dangqu Shui is also known as Qian Shui and Yu Shui. Ba Shui originates from Balingshan in Xuanhan Xian, Jinchang Jun. This jun is subordinate to Liang Zhou; it was established during the middle of Taikang reign in the Jin dynasty and governed from Hanzhong. The xian is more than eight hundred li south of the jun, so it belonged to Baqu. Flowing southwest through Bazhong, passing south of the old city of Ba Jun and north of the large city built by Li Yan to its northwest, it flows into the river. Yu Zhongyong referred to Jiangzhou Xian facing the confluence of two rivers: on the right is Fu Neishui, and on the left is Shu Waishui. This refers to this river. Jiangzhou Xian was the former capital of the Ba Zi people. "The Spring and Autumn Annals, Year Nine of Duke Huan" records that the Ba zi ruler sent Han Fu to inform Chu, requesting good relations with Deng; this is what it refers to. When the Seven Warring States declared themselves kings, the state of Ba also declared itself a kingdom. King Hui of Qin sent Zhang Yi and others to rescue Ju Hou in Ba. Zhang Yi, coveting the wealth of Ba and Ju, seized their king and returned with him, establishing Ba Jun with its seat at Jiangzhou. In the first year of Chuping during Emperor Xian's reign, Ba was divided into three jun at Jiangzhou; this became the seat of Yongning Jun. By the sixth year of Jianshan, Liu Zang accepted Jian Yin's petition and restored it as Ba Jun, appointing Yan Yan as its governor. Yan saw the Xianzhu enter Shu and sighed, saying: "Sitting alone in a remote mountain, releasing a tiger to defend oneself—this is where I feel heartbroken." During the Han dynasty, Jun was governed from Jiangzhou, north of Ba Shui; this was Beifu Cheng. Later it was moved to Nancheng. Liu Bei initially appointed Fei Guan of Jiangxia as Taishou, overseeing the Jiangzhou Dudu. Later, Du Hu Li Yan rebuilt the city walls with a circumference of sixteen li and constructed Canglong Gate and Baihu Gate. He requested to establish Ba Zhou from five jun as its seat; however, Chancellor Zhuge Liang refused, so it never came to fruition. The terrain is perilously steep; all houses are built in tiers, often suffering from fires. Moreover, they cannot accommodate each other well, so more than five hundred families live on boats moored along the water. Receiving the confluence of two rivers, in summer the waters rise and surge violently, causing destruction, scattering people, capsizing boats, and drowning countless lives. The xian has official orange groves and official lychee orchards. When the summer solstice arrives, they ripen; magistrates of the rank of Erqishi often prepare meals in kitchens and invite scholars and officials to gather under the trees to eat them together. To the north of the xian are rice fields that produce tribute rice for imperial use. Beneath the xian there is also a clear spring, from which the Ba people made flour. The flour was white and radiant with fragrance; it was offered as tribute to the capital, hence named Fen Shui. Therefore, it has been called Jiangzhou Duolin Fen in past times. Fen Shui was also known as Li Shui. On the northern bank of the river is Tushan; to its south are Xia Yu Miao and Tu Jun Ci, with temple inscriptions still preserved. Chang Qu and Yu Zhongyong both stated that Yu married here. I have examined various books, and all say that Yu's marriage took place in Dangtu, Shouchun; not here.
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| | 江水: |
又東至枳縣西，延江水從牂柯郡北流西屈注之。 |
| | Then flowing east to the west of Zhi Xian, Yanjiang Shui flows in from Ziguo Jun, turning westward as it moves north.
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| | 江水: |
江水東逕陽關巴子梁，江之兩岸，猶有梁處，巴之三關，斯為一也。延熙中，蜀車騎將軍鄧芝為江州都督，治此。江水又東，右逕黃葛峽，山高險，全無人居。江水又左逕明月峽，東至梨鄉，歷雞鳴峽。江之南岸，有枳縣治。 |
| | The river flows east past Yangguan and Bazi Liang; on both banks of the river, there are still remnants of liang structures. These were three passes of Ba, one of which is this place. During the middle of Yanyi, Shu's Cheqi Jiangjun Deng Zhi served as Jiangzhou Dudu and governed here. The river flows further east, passing on the right through Huangge Xia; the mountains are high and perilous, with no human habitation at all. The river then flows on its left past Mingyue Xia and continues east to Lixiang, passing through Jiming Xia. On the southern bank of the river lies the seat of Zhi Xian.
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| | 江水: |
《華陽記》曰：枳縣在江州巴郡東四百里，治涪陵水會。庾仲雍所謂有別江出武陵者也。水乃延江之枝津，分水北注，逕涪陵入江，故亦云涪陵水也。其水南導武陵郡，昔司馬錯泝舟此水，取楚黔中地。延熙中，鄧芝伐徐巨，射玄猨于是縣，猨自拔矢，卷木葉塞射創。芝歎曰：傷物之生，吾其死矣。江水又東逕涪陵故郡北，後乃并巴郡，遂罷省。江水又東逕文陽灘，灘險難上。江水又東逕漢平縣二百餘里，左自涪陵東出百餘里，而屆于黃石，東為桐柱灘。又逕東望峽，東歷平都。峽對豐民洲，舊巴子別都也。 |
| | The "Huayang Ji" says: Zhi Xian is located four hundred li east of Jiangzhou in Ba Jun, at the confluence of Fuling Shui. This is what Yu Zhongyong refers to as a separate river emerging from Wuling. This water is a tributary of Yanjiang; it branches off and flows northward, passing through Fuling into the river. Hence, it is also called Fuling Shui. This water flows south to Wuling Jun; in the past, Sima Cuo sailed upstream along this river to seize Ch'u's Qianzhong territory. During the middle of Yanyi reign, Deng Zhi attacked Xu Ju and shot a black gibbon in this xian. The gibbon pulled out the arrow by itself and used leaves to plug its wound from the arrow. Zhi sighed, saying: "To harm a living creature—this bodes ill for me; I shall surely die." The river flows further east past the old seat of Fuling Jun to its north. Later, it was merged into Ba Jun and thus abolished. The river then flows east through Wenyang Tan; the rapids are perilous and difficult to navigate. The river flows further east for more than two hundred li past Heping Xian; on its left, it branches off from Fuling to the east for over one hundred li and reaches Huangshi. To the east is Tongzhu Tan. Then flowing through Dongwang Xia, it continues eastward past Pingdu. The xia faces Fengmin Zhou, which was formerly a secondary capital of the Ba zi people.
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| | 江水: |
《華陽記》曰：巴子雖都江州，又治平都。即此處也。有平都縣，為巴郡之隸邑矣。縣有天師治，兼建佛寺，甚清靈。縣有市肆，四日一會。江水右逕虎鬚灘，灘水廣大，夏斷行旅。江水又東逕臨江縣南，王莽之監江縣也。 |
| | "The Huayang Ji" says: Although the Ba zi had their main capital at Jiangzhou, they also governed from Pingdu. This is precisely this place. There was Pingdu Xian, which became a subordinate county of Ba Jun. The xian had a Celestial Master's seat and also built Buddhist temples; the place was very serene and spiritual. The xian had marketplaces, with fairs held every four days. The river flows on the right past Huxu Tan; this stretch of water is vast, and in summer it cuts off travelers. The river then flows east past the southern part of Linjiang Xian; this was Wang Mang's Jianjiang Xian.
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| | 江水: |
《華陽記》曰：縣在枳東四百里，東接朐忍縣，有鹽官。自縣北入鹽井溪，有鹽井營戶，溪水沿注江。江水又東得黃華水口，江浦也。左逕石城南。庾仲雍曰：臨江至石城黃華口一百里。又東至平洲，洲上多居民。又東逕壤塗而歷和灘，又東逕界壇，是地，巴東之西界，益州之東境，故得是名也。 |
| | "The Huayang Ji" says: The xian lies four hundred li east of Zhi, with Quren Xian to its east and a salt office located there. From the northern part of the xian into Yanjing Xi, there are households managing salt wells; the stream flows along and joins the river. The river further east reaches Huanghua Shui Kou, a confluence of rivers. On its left it flows past the southern side of Shicheng. Yu Zhongyong said: From Linjiang to Huanghua Kou at Shicheng is one hundred li. Then flowing eastward, it reaches Ping Zhou, where many residents live on the island. Then flowing further east through Rangtu and passing He Tan, it continues east to Jietan. This place marks the western boundary of Badong and the eastern frontier of Yizhou; thus, it received its name.
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| | 江水: |
又東過魚復縣南，夷水出焉。 |
| | Then flowing further east past Nan of Yufu Xian, Yi Shui originates here.
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| | 江水: |
江水又東，右得將龜溪口，《華陽記》曰：朐忍縣出靈龜。咸熙元年，獻龜于相府，言出自此溪也。江水又東，會南、北集渠，南水出涪陵縣界，謂之陽溪。北流逕巴東郡之南浦僑縣西，溪硤側，鹽井三口，相去各數十步，以木為桶，徑五尺，脩煮不絶。溪水北流注于江，謂之南集渠口，亦曰于陽溪口。北水出新浦縣北高梁山分溪，南流逕其縣西，又南百里至朐忍縣，南入于江，謂之北集渠口，別名班口，又曰分水口，朐忍尉治此。江水又東，右逕汜溪口，蓋江汜決入也。江水又東逕石龍而至于博陽二村之間，有盤石，廣四百丈，長六里，阻塞江川，夏没冬出，基亘通渚。又東逕羊腸虎臂灘。楊亮為益州，至此舟覆，懲其波瀾，蜀人至今猶名之為使君灘。江水又東，彭水注之，水出巴渠郡獠中，東南流逕漢豐縣東，清水注之，水源出西北巴渠縣東北巴嶺南獠中，即巴渠水也。西南流至其縣，又西入峽，檀井溪水出焉。又西出峽，至漢豐縣東而西注彭溪，謂之清水口。彭溪水又南，逕朐忍縣西六十里，南流注于江，謂之彭溪口。江水又東，右逕朐忍縣故城南，常璩曰：縣在巴東郡西二百九十里，縣治故城，跨其山阪，南臨大江。江之南岸有方山，山形方峭，枕側江濆。江水又東逕瞿巫灘，即下瞿灘也，又謂之博望灘。左則湯溪水注之，水源出縣北六百餘里上庸界，南流歷縣，翼帶鹽井一百所，巴、川資以自給。粒大者方寸，中央隆起，形如張繖，故因名之曰繖子鹽。有不成者，形亦必方，異于常鹽矣。 |
| | The river flows further east and on its right receives Jianggui Xi Kou. "Huayang Ji" says: Quren Xian produces spiritual turtles. In the first year of Xianxi, a turtle was presented to the prime minister's office, said to have originated from this stream. The river flows further eastward and converges with the southern and northern Ji Qu channels; the southern water originates from Fuling Xian boundary, known as Yang Xi. Flowing northward, it passes the western side of Nanpu Qiao Xian in Badong Jun. Along the cliffs of Xi Xia, there are three salt wells spaced dozens of bu apart from each other. Wooden buckets with a diameter of five chi are used for continuous boiling and production without interruption. The stream flows northward into the river, known as Nanji Qu Kou; it is also called Yu Yangxi Kou. The northern water originates from Fen Xi at Gaoliang Shan in the north of Xinpu Xian. It flows southward through the western part of its xian, then another hundred li to Quren Xian, where it joins the river to the south; this is called Beiji Qu Kou. It is also known as Bangu Kou and Fen Shui Kou. The Quren Wei was stationed here. The river flows further east, on its right passing Fuxi Kou; this is where the river splits and enters as a distributary. The river flows further east through Shilong and reaches between Boyang Er Cun. There is a large rock, four hundred zhang wide and six li long, blocking the river channel; it disappears in summer but emerges in winter, forming a continuous base across the sandbars. Then flowing further east through Yangchang Hu'bi Tan. When Yang Liang served as governor of Yizhou, his boat capsized here. To commemorate the turbulent waves, people in Shu still call it Shijun Tan to this day. The river flows further east; Peng Shui joins it. This water originates from the Liang people in Bachu Jun, flowing southeast through the eastern part of Hanfeng Xian, where Qingshui joins it. The source of Qingshui emerges from the northwest, specifically from the northeastern area of Bachu Xian and the southern region of Balingshan among the Liang people; this is known as Bachu Shui. Flowing southwest to its xian, it then turns west into a gorge where Tanjing Xi Shui originates. Then flowing out of the gorge to the west, it reaches east of Hanfeng Xian and flows into Peng Xi from the west; this is called Qingshui Kou. Peng Xi Shui then flows south, passing sixty li west of Quren Xian and flowing into the river to the south; it is called Pengxi Kou. The river flows further east, with its right bank passing the southern side of the old city wall of Quren Xian. Chang Qu said: The xian is located 290 li west of Badong Jun; the seat was at the old city, spanning a mountain slope and facing the great river to the south. On the southern bank of the river is Fang Shan; its shape is square and precipitous, lying at the edge of the riverbank. The river flows further east through Quwu Tan; this is also known as Xiaqu Tan, and it is sometimes called Bowang Tan. On the left, Tang Xi Shui joins it; its source is 600 li north of the xian in Shangyong boundary. Flowing southward through the xian, it supports a hundred salt wells along its banks, providing resources for Ba and Chuan to sustain themselves. The larger grains are one cun square, with a central bulge and a shape resembling an open umbrella; thus they were named Sansizi Yan. Those that do not form properly are still necessarily square in shape, differing from ordinary salt.
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| | 江水: |
王隱《晉書·地道記》曰：入湯口四十三里，有石煮以為鹽，石大者如升，小者如拳，煮之水竭鹽成。蓋蜀火井之倫，水火相得，乃佳矣。湯水下與檀溪水合，水上承巴渠水，南歷檀井溪，謂之檀井水，下入湯水，湯水又南入于江，名曰湯口。江水又逕東陽灘。江上有破石，故亦通謂之破石灘，苟延光没處也。常璩曰：水道有東陽、下瞿數灘，山有大、小石城勢，靈壽木及橘圃也。 |
| | Wang Yin's "Jin Shu · Di Dao Ji" says: Forty-three li into Tang Kou, there are stones used for boiling salt. The large ones are as big as a sheng, and the small ones like a fist; when boiled, the water dries up and leaves behind salt. This is presumably similar to Shu's huojing (fire well), where water and fire complement each other, resulting in excellent results. Tang Shui flows downward and joins Tanchi Shui. The upper source of Tang Shui is Baqu Shui, which flows south through Tanjing Xi, known as Tanjing Shui; it then merges into Tang Shui, which further flows southward into the river at a place called Tang Kou. The river again flows through Dongyang Tan. There are broken rocks on the river, so it is also commonly called Poshi Tan; this was where Gou Yanguang drowned. Chang Qu said: The waterway has several rapids, including Dongyang and Xiaqu; the mountains have formations of large and small Shicheng Shi (stone city-like features), as well as Lingshou Mu trees and orange groves.
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| | 江水: |
故《地理志》曰：縣有橘官，有民市。江水又逕魚復縣之故陵，舊郡治故陵溪西二里故陵村。溪即永谷也。地多木瓜樹，有子，大如甒，白黃，實甚芬香，《爾雅》之所謂楙也。江水又東為落牛灘，逕故陵北，江側有六大墳，庾仲雍曰：楚都丹陽所葬，亦猶枳之巴陵矣。故以故陵為名也，有魚復尉戍此。江之左岸有巴鄉村，村人善釀，故俗稱巴鄉清，郡出名酒。村側有溪，溪中多靈壽木。中有魚，其頭似羊，豐肉少骨，美于餘魚。溪水伏流逕平頭山，內通南浦故縣陂湖，其地平曠有湖澤，中有菱、芡、鯽、鴈，不異外江，凡此等物，皆入峽所無。地密惡蠻，不可輕至。江水又東，右逕夜清而東歷朝陽道口，有縣治，治下有市，十日一會。江水又東，左逕新市里南，常璩曰：巴舊立市于江上，今新市里是也。江水又東，右合陽元水，水出陽口縣西南高陽山東，東北流逕其縣南，東北流，丙水注之。水發縣東南柏枝山，山下有丙穴，穴方數丈，中有嘉魚，常以春末遊渚，冬初入穴，抑亦襃漢丙穴之類也。其水北流入高陽溪。溪水又東北流，注于江，謂之陽元口。江水又東逕南鄉峽，東逕永安宮南，劉備終于此。諸葛亮受遺處也。其間平地可二十許里，江山迴闊，入峽所無。城周十餘里，背山面江，頹墉四毀，荊棘成林，左右民居，多墾其中。江水又東逕諸葛亮圖壘南，石磧平曠，望兼川陸，有亮所造八陣圖，東跨故壘，皆累細石為之。自壘西去，聚石八行，行間相去二丈，因曰：八陣既成，自今行師，庶不覆敗。皆圖兵勢行藏之權，自後深識者所不能了。今夏水漂蕩，歲月消損，高處可二三尺，下處磨滅殆盡。江水又東逕赤岬城西，是公孫述所造，因山據勢，周迴七里一百四十步，東高二百丈，西北高一千丈，南連基白帝山，甚高大，不生樹木，其石悉赤，土人云：如人袒胛，故謂之赤岬山。 |
| | Hence, the "Ge Li Zhi" says: The xian has an official in charge of tangerines and a market for its people. The river again flows past the old city of Yufu Xian, which was located two li west of Guoling Xi at a village called Guoling Cun. This xi is Yonggu. The area has many mugua trees, which bear fruit as large as a wu, yellowish-white in color; the fruit is very fragrant. This is what the "Er Ya" refers to as Mao. The river flows further east to Luoniu Tan, passing north of Guoling. Along the riverside are six large tombs; Yu Zhongyong said: These were burial sites for the capital city of Danyang in Chu, similar to Baling at Zhi. Therefore, it was named Guoling; a Yufu Wei garrison was stationed here. On the left bank of the river is Baxiang Cun, where the villagers are skilled in brewing; thus, it is commonly known as "Baxiang Qing," and the jun produces famous wine. Beside the village is a xi, which contains many Lingshou Mu trees. There are fish in it with heads resembling those of sheep; they have plump flesh and few bones, more delicious than other kinds of fish. The xi shui flows underground through Pingtou Shan, connecting internally to the old Nangpu Xian beihu (reservoir and lake). The area is flat and open with lakes and wetlands; there are water chestnuts, qian, silver carp, and geese in them, no different from those found outside the river. All such things are absent within the gorges. The area is inhabited by hostile Miao tribes; it should not be approached lightly. The river flows further east, passing the right side of Yeqing and then flowing east through Chaoyang Dao Kou. There is a xian seat here; under its administration lies a market that holds an assembly every ten days. The river flows further east and passes the southern side of Xin Shi Li on its left. Chang Qu said: The old Ba established a market by the river; this is now known as Xinshi Li. The river flows further east and merges with Yangyuan Shui on its right. This water originates from the eastern side of Gaoyang Shan, southwest of Yangkou Xian; it flows northeast through the southern part of the xian and continues northeastward, where Bing Shui joins it. The water originates from Bai zhi Shan to the southeast of the xian. At the foot of this mountain is Bing Xue, a cave several zhang in size; it contains fine fish that often swim around the shoals at the end of spring and return into the cave at the beginning of winter. This seems similar to the Bing Xue area along Bao Han. The water flows northward into Gaoyang Xi. Gaoyang Xi Shui then continues to flow northeast and joins the river; this confluence is called Yangyuan Kou. The river flows further east through Nanxiang Xia, then passes to the south of Yong'an Gong; Liu Bei died here. This is where Zhuge Liang received his final instructions. The area in between has a flat stretch of about twenty li; the river and mountains are wide and open, something unseen within the gorges. The city walls extend for more than ten li, with mountains behind and the river in front. The crumbling walls are destroyed on four sides; thorny bushes have grown into thickets. On both sides live local residents who have cultivated much of this area. The river flows further east past the southern side of Zhuge Liang's Tu Lei. The area is flat and vast, with a view encompassing both plains and land; it contains an "eight formation diagram" created by Zhuge Liang. To the east across the old fortifications are all small stones arranged in formations. From the western side of the fortification, eight rows of stones are gathered; each row is spaced two zhang apart. It was said: "Once these formations were completed, from now on when armies march, they should not suffer defeat." They all illustrate the strategies of troop movements and concealment; even those with deep understanding afterward could not fully comprehend them. Now, summer floods have eroded the formations; over time they have worn down—some parts are still two or three chi high, while others have been almost completely worn away. The river flows further east, past the western side of Chijia Cheng. This was built by Gongsun Shu; it occupies a mountainous position and has a circumference of seven li and 140 bu. The eastern wall is two hundred zhang high, while the northwest reaches one thousand zhang in height. To the south, its base connects with Baidi Shan, which is very tall and large, without any trees growing on it; all the stones are red. Locals say: It resembles a person's exposed armpit, hence it is called Chijia Shan.
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| | 江水: |
《淮南子》曰：徬徨于山岬之旁。 |
| | The "Huainan Zi" says: "Wander aimlessly by the side of a mountain jia."
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| | 江水: |
《注》曰：岬，山脅也。郭仲產曰：斯名將因此而興矣。江水又東逕魚復縣故城南，故魚國也。《春秋左傳·文公十六年》，庸與羣蠻叛，楚莊王伐之，七遇皆北，惟裨、儵、魚人逐之是也。《地理志》，江關都尉治。公孫述名之為白帝，取其王色。蜀章武二年，劉備為吳所破，改白帝為永安，巴東郡治也。漢獻帝初平元年，分巴為二郡，以魚復為故陵郡，蹇胤訴劉璋，改為巴東郡，治白帝山城，周迴二百八十步，北緣馬嶺，接赤岬山。其間平處，南北相去八十五丈，東西七十丈。又東傍東瀼溪，即以為隍，西南臨大江，闚之眩目，惟馬嶺小差委迆，猶斬山為路，羊腸數四，然後得上。益州刺史鮑陋鎮此，為譙道福所圍，城里無泉，乃南開水門，鑿石為函道，上施木天公，直下至江中，有似猨臂相牽引汲，然後得水。水門之西，江中有孤石，為淫預石，冬出水二十餘丈，夏則没，亦有裁出處矣。縣有夷溪，即佷山清江也，《經》所謂夷水出焉。江水又東逕廣溪峽，斯乃三峽之首也。其間三十里，頹巖倚木，厥勢殆交。北岸山上有神淵，淵北有白鹽崖，高可千餘丈，俯臨神淵。土人見其高白，故因名之。天旱，燃木岸上，推其灰燼，下穢淵中，尋即降雨。常璩曰：縣有山澤水神，旱時鳴鼓請雨，則必應嘉澤。《蜀都賦》所謂應鳴鼓而興雨也。峽中有瞿塘、黃龕二灘，夏水迴復，沿溯所忌。瞿塘灘上有神廟，尤至靈驗，刺史二千石徑過，皆不得鳴角伐鼓，商旅上水，恐觸石有聲，乃以布裹篙足，今則不能爾，猶饗薦不輟。此峽多猨，猨不生北岸，非惟一處，或有取之放著北山中，初不聞聲，將同狢獸渡汶而不生矣。其峽蓋自昔禹鑿以通江。郭景純所謂巴東之峽，夏后疏鑿者。 |
| | The annotation says: Jia is the flank of a mountain. Guo Zhongchan said: This name will surely become famous because of this. The river flows further east, south of the old city wall of Yufu Xian; this was formerly the state of Yu. In the "Zuo Zhuan · Wu Gong Sixteen Year" of the "Chun Qiu," Ong and a group of Miao tribes rebelled, so King Zhuangwang of Chu attacked them. They were defeated in seven encounters; only Bi, Shu, and Yu people pursued them. The "Ge Li Zhi" records it as the seat of Jiangguan Duwei. Gongsun Shu renamed it Baidi, taking its name from his royal color. In the second year of Zhangwu in Shu (222 AD), Liu Bei was defeated by Wu, and he changed Baidi to Yong'an; this became the seat of Badong Jun. In the first year of Chuping under Emperor Xian of Han (190 AD), Ba was divided into two jun. Yufu became Guling Jun, but Jian Yin petitioned Liu Zhang to change it back to Badong Jun, with its seat at Baidi Shan Cheng. The city wall had a circumference of 280 bu; on the north side, it followed Maling and connected with Chijia Shan. The flat area within measures eighty-five zhang from north to south and seventy zhang from east to west. Further to the east, it follows Dongrang Xi; this was used as a moat. To its southwest lies the great river, and looking down is dizzying. Only Maling has slightly less precipitous terrain, but even there, roads were carved through mountains like narrow sheep trails, winding several times before one can ascend. Yizhou Cishi Bao Lou was stationed here and besieged by Qiao Daofu. There were no springs within the city, so they opened a water gate to the south and carved stone channels as conduits. Wooden "tian gong" structures were placed on top, extending straight down into the river; it resembled monkeys pulling each other's arms to draw water, only then could water be obtained. To the west of the water gate, in the river lies a solitary rock called Yin Yu Shi. In winter it rises more than twenty zhang above the water; in summer it is submerged, though parts may still protrude slightly. The xian has Yi Xi, which is the Qingjiang of Henshan; this is what the "Jing" refers to as the source of Yi Shui. The river flows further east through Guangxi Xia; this is the first of the Three Gorges. Within these thirty li, crumbled cliffs lean against trees, their formations almost touching each other. On the northern bank of the mountain is a sacred pool; to the north of this pool lies Baiyan Ya, which rises more than one thousand zhang and overlooks the sacred pool. Locals saw its height and whiteness; thus they named it accordingly. During droughts, people burn wood on the shore, scatter its ashes into the pool, and rain soon follows. Chang Qu said: The xian has mountain, marsh, and water deities; when droughts occur and drums are beaten to request rain, the rain always comes in response. This is what is referred to in the "Shu Du Fu" as "responding to drumbeats with rain." Within the gorge are two rapids, Qutang and Huangkan; in summer when water levels rise and currents reverse, these areas are particularly dangerous for upstream or downstream travel. On the Qutang Tan is a shrine to a deity, especially renowned for its effectiveness. Even officials of rank such as Cishi or those with salaries of two thousand dou must pass in silence without sounding horns or drums; merchants traveling upstream, fearing noise from striking rocks, would wrap the ends of their poles in cloth. Though this practice no longer continues, offerings and sacrifices to the deity have never ceased. There are many monkeys in this gorge, but they do not live on the northern bank. This is not just one location; if some were captured and released into the mountains of the north, they would never be heard, as though they had become like hu shou (a type of beast) that crossed Wen River and no longer reproduced there. This gorge was supposedly carved by Yu from ancient times to open up the river passage. This is what Guo Jingchun referred to as Badong Xia, a gorge excavated by Emperor Yu.
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