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| | 三恕: |
孔子曰：君子有三恕，有君弗能事，有臣而求其使，非恕也。有親弗能孝，有子而求其報，非恕也。有兄弗能敬，有弟而求其順，非恕也。士能明於三恕之本，則可謂端身矣。 |
| | Confucius said: A gentleman has three forms of forgiveness; to have a ruler but be unable to serve him, and to have subjects yet seek their service—this is not forgiveness. To have parents but be unable to show filial piety, and to have children yet seek their repayment—is not forgiveness. To have an elder brother but be unable to respect him, and to have a younger brother yet seek his obedience—this is not forgiveness. A scholar who can understand the fundamental principles of these three forms of forgiveness may be said to have upright conduct.
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| | 三恕: |
孔子觀於魯桓公之廟，有敧器焉。孔子問於守廟者。曰：此為何器。對曰：此蓋為宥坐之器。孔子曰：吾聞宥坐之器，虛則敧，中則正，滿則覆，明君以為誡，故置於坐側也。顧謂弟子曰：試注水焉。水實之，中則正，滿則覆。夫子喟然嘆曰：嗚呼，夫物惡有滿而不覆者哉。子路進曰：敢問持滿有道乎。子曰：聰明睿智，守之以愚，功被天下，守之以讓，勇力振世，守之以怯，富有四海，守之以謙，此所謂損之又損之之道也。 |
| | Confucius was visiting the temple of Duke Huan of Lu and saw there an inclined vessel. Confucius asked the keeper of the temple. He said: What kind of vessel is this? The keeper replied: This is probably the Youzuo vessel. Confucius said: I have heard that the Youzuo vessel, when empty tilts to one side, stands upright when half-filled, and overturns when full. A wise ruler uses it as a warning, hence placing it beside his seat. He turned to his disciples and said: Let us try pouring water into it. Water was poured into it, and indeed, when half-filled the vessel stood upright, but when full it overturned. The Master sighed deeply and said: Alas! Is there any object that can be completely filled without overturning? Zilu stepped forward and asked: May I ask if there is a way to maintain fullness without disaster? The Master said: With keen intelligence and wisdom, one should maintain humility; with achievements benefiting the world, one should practice yielding; with valor shaking the age, one should preserve timidity; with wealth spanning all under heaven, one should uphold modesty. This is what is called the way of diminishing again and again.
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